1975 Tour de France
![]() Route of the 1975 Tour de France | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Race details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dates | 26 June – 20 July | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stages | 22 + Prologue, including two split stages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distance | 4,000 km (2,485 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Winning time | 114h 35' 31" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1975 Tour de France was the 62nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 26 June and 20 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 4,000 km (2,485 mi). Eddy Merckx was attempting to win his sixth Tour de France, but became a victim of violence. Many Frenchmen were upset that a Belgian might beat the record of five wins set by Frenchman Jacques Anquetil. During stage 14 a spectator leapt from the crowd and punched Merckx in the kidney. Frenchman Bernard Thévenet took covering a distance of the lead, and after Merckx fell and broke his cheekbone, he was unable to take back the lead, and Thevenet became the winner of the race.
Belgian cyclists were successful in the secondary classifications: the points classification was won by Rik Van Linden, mountains classification by Lucien Van Impe, and the intermediate sprints classification by Marc Demeyer. For the first time, there was young rider classification, won by Italian Francesco Moser.
Teams
There were 14 teams participating, with 10 cyclists each.[1][2]
The teams entering the race were:[1]
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Pre-race favourites
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Eddy_Merckx_Amstel_Gold_Race_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Eddy_Merckx_Amstel_Gold_Race_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Eddy Merckx, who had won all five times that he participated, was again the big favourite. Merckx' first part of the season had been going well, winning Milan–San Remo, the Tour of Flanders and Liège–Bastogne–Liège.[3] If Merckx would win again, he would beat Jacques Anquetil and become the first cyclist to win the Tour six times. Merckx did not care about that record: "The idea doesn't interest me very much because then people would want me to go for a seventh and then an eighth".[3]
A few months before the race, Merckx was unsure if he would start the Tour. His race schedule had been very busy, and he thought riding the Giro and the Tour in the same year would not work. Merckx preferred to ride the Tour, but his Italian team preferred the Giro.[4]
Bernard Thévenet contracted shingles during the 1975 Vuelta a España, but recovered and won the Dauphiné Liberé.[5]
Route and stages
The 1975 Tour de France started on 26 June, and had two rest days, the first in Auch the second after the finish on the Puy de Dôme, during which the cyclists were transferred to Nice.[6] The 1975 Tour de France did not include a team time trial for the first time since 1962. After 1975, it would be included again every year until 1995.[7] The final stage had become more popular over the years, and the Tour organisers therefore moved the finish line from the Vélodrome de Vincennes to the more prestigious Champs-Élysées.[8] The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,360 m (7,740 ft) at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 16.[9][10]
Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | 26 June | Charleroi (Belgium) | 6 km (3.7 mi) | ![]() |
Individual time trial | ![]() |
1a | 27 June | Charleroi (Belgium) to Molenbeek (Belgium) | 94 km (58 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
1b | Molenbeek (Belgium) to Roubaix | 109 km (68 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() | |
2 | 28 June | Roubaix to Amiens | 121 km (75 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
3 | 29 June | Amiens to Versailles | 170 km (110 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
4 | 30 June | Versailles to Le Mans | 223 km (139 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
5 | 2 July | Sablé-sur-Sarthe to Merlin-Plage | 222 km (138 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
6 | 2 July | Merlin-Plage | 16 km (9.9 mi) | ![]() |
Individual time trial | ![]() |
7 | 3 July | Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie to Angoulême | 236 km (147 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
8 | 4 July | Angoulême to Bordeaux | 134 km (83 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
9a | 5 July | Langon to Fleurance | 131 km (81 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
9b | Fleurance to Auch | 37 km (23 mi) | ![]() |
Individual time trial | ![]() | |
6 July | Auch | Rest day | ||||
10 | 7 July | Auch to Pau | 206 km (128 mi) | ![]() |
Stage with mountain(s) | ![]() |
11 | 8 July | Pau to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet | 160 km (99 mi) | ![]() |
Stage with mountain(s) | ![]() |
12 | 9 July | Tarbes to Albi | 242 km (150 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
13 | 10 July | Albi to Super-Lioran | 260 km (160 mi) | ![]() |
Stage with mountain(s) | ![]() |
14 | 11 July | Aurillac to Puy de Dôme | 174 km (108 mi) | ![]() |
Stage with mountain(s) | ![]() |
12 July | Nice | Rest day | ||||
15 | 13 July | Nice to Pra-Loup | 217 km (135 mi) | ![]() |
Stage with mountain(s) | ![]() |
16 | 14 July | Barcelonnette to Serre Chevalier | 107 km (66 mi) | ![]() |
Stage with mountain(s) | ![]() |
17 | 15 July | Valloire to Morzine Avoriaz | 225 km (140 mi) | ![]() |
Stage with mountain(s) | ![]() |
18 | 16 July | Morzine to Châtel | 40 km (25 mi) | ![]() |
Individual time trial | ![]() |
19 | 17 July | Thonon-les-Bains to Chalon-sur-Saône | 229 km (142 mi) | ![]() |
Stage with mountain(s) | ![]() |
20 | 18 July | Pouilly-en-Auxois to Melun | 256 km (159 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
21 | 19 July | Melun to Senlis | 220 km (140 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
22 | 20 July | Paris to Paris (Champs-Élysées) | 164 km (102 mi) | ![]() |
Plain stage | ![]() |
Total | 4,000 km (2,485 mi)[14] |
Race overview
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bernhard_Thevenet_%281978%29.jpg/170px-Bernhard_Thevenet_%281978%29.jpg)
Francesco Moser won the prologue, and kept the lead until the first time trial. Merckx started the Tour aggressively, which caused the peloton to split in two groups in the first stage. Eddy Merckx and Moser were in the first group, and won a minute on most of their competitors. In the second part of the first stage, the field split again, but this time Thevenet and Poulidor were also in the first group. In stage six, a time trial, Merckx beat Moser and became the leader.[3]
The first climbing was done in the tenth stage, but the favourites stayed together, and the general classification was not changed.[5] The major Pyrenéan mountains were scheduled in stage eleven. In that stage, Bernard Thévenet and Joop Zoetemelk escaped together, while Merckx could not follow them. Zoetemelk won, with Merckx almost one minute behind.[8] From this point on only Thevenet, Lucien Van Impe, Zoetemelk and Merckx had a realistic chance of winning the Maillot Jaune as the other favourites finished much later, and lost their hopes of winning the Tour.[5] The fourteenth stage had its finish on top of the Puy de Dôme. When Merckx was about to catch Joop Zoetemelk, a French spectator punched Merckx in the stomach.[3] Zoetemelk did not capitalize and gain time on Merckx because of this as they crossed the finish line with the same time 0:49 behind stage winner Van Impe, who did win some time over the rest of the field together with Thevenet who came in a few seconds behind Van Impe.
After the rest day, the fifteenth stage would end in Pra-Loup. Merckx was still the leader, and escaped from the rest. But on the final climb, Merckx was out of energy, and Thévenet was able to reach Merckx two kilometers from the finish, leave Merckx behind, and win with a margin of two minutes.[3] During that stage, the team car of Bianchi fell 150 meters down, but the driver survived.[5] Thévenet was the new leader, and improved his margin in the sixteenth stage by winning with more than two minutes on Merckx.
While riding to the start of the seventeenth stage, Merckx collided with Ole Ritter, and broke a cheekbone.[3] Merckx' broken cheekbone gave him problems with eating, and the Tour doctor gave him the advice to abandon the race. Merckx decided to stay in the race, because of the prize money for his teammates that his second place in the general classification and other classifications would earn them.[3]
Doping
After every stage in the 1975 Tour de France, the leader of the race, the winner of the stage and the runner-up, and two random cyclists were checked.[15] In total, 110 tests were done, of which three returned positive,[16] Régis Delépine (after stage 5), Felice Gimondi and José-Luis Viejo (both after stage 15).[17][18][19] All three were fined with 1000 Swiss Francs, received one month suspended sentence, were set back to the last place in the stage where they tested positive, and received 10 minutes penalty time in the general classification. This meant that Gimondi, who initially finished the Tour in fifth place, was set back to the sixth place.
Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1975 Tour de France, four of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.[20] The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[21] Time bonuses for stage winners were removed for the 1975 Tour.[22]
Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[23]
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification. 1975 was the first year that the leader of the classification wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[24]
The combination classification was removed, and the young rider classification was added.[8][25][11] This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only neo-professionals were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.[25]
The fifth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. In 1975, this classification had no associated jersey.[26]
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps.[26] There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.[26]
In addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after certain stages to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner.[27] At the conclusion of the Tour, Eddy Merckx won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists.[6] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Télégraphe on stage 17. This prize was won by Luis Balague.[28]
Stage | Stage winner | General classification![]() |
Points classification![]() |
Mountains classification![]() |
Young rider classification![]() |
Intermediate sprints classification | Team classifications | Combativity award | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
By time | By points | ||||||||
P | Francesco Moser | Francesco Moser | Francesco Moser | no award | Francesco Moser | no award | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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no award |
1a | Cees Priem | Eddy Merckx | Joop Zoetemelk | Marc Demeyer | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Eddy Merckx | |||
1b | Rik Van Linden | Francesco Moser | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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2 | Ronald De Witte | Rik Van Linden | Lucien Van Impe | Jean-Claude Misac | |||||
3 | Karel Rottiers | Jean-Claude Misac | |||||||
4 | Jacques Esclassan | Martín Emilio Rodríguez | |||||||
5 | Theo Smit | Michel Laurent | |||||||
6 | Eddy Merckx | Eddy Merckx | Yves Hézard | ||||||
7 | Francesco Moser | Luis Ocaña | |||||||
8 | Barry Hoban | Fedor den Hertog | |||||||
9a | Theo Smit | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Guy Sibille | ||||||
9b | Eddy Merckx | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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10 | Felice Gimondi | Lucien Van Impe | |||||||
11 | Joop Zoetemelk | Giovanni Battaglin | Joop Zoetemelk | ||||||
12 | Gerrie Knetemann | Gerrie Knetemann | |||||||
13 | Michel Pollentier | Francesco Moser | Hennie Kuiper | ||||||
14 | Lucien Van Impe | Eddy Merckx | |||||||
15 | Bernard Thévenet | Bernard Thévenet | Eddy Merckx | ||||||
16 | Bernard Thévenet | Joop Zoetemelk | |||||||
17 | Vicente López Carril | Vicente López Carril | |||||||
18 | Lucien Van Impe | Ole Ritter | |||||||
19 | Rik Van Linden | Jean-Claude Misac | |||||||
20 | Giacinto Santambrogio | Roger Legeay | |||||||
21 | Rik Van Linden | Herman Van Springel | |||||||
22 | Walter Godefroot | Fedor den Hertog | |||||||
Final | Bernard Thévenet | Rik Van Linden | Lucien Van Impe | Francesco Moser | Marc Demeyer | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Eddy Merckx |
Final standings
Legend | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Denotes the winner of the general classification | ![]() |
Denotes the winner of the points classification |
![]() |
Denotes the winner of the mountains classification | ![]() |
Denotes the winner of the young rider classification |
General classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() ![]() |
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2 | ![]() ![]() |
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3 | ![]() ![]() |
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4 | ![]() |
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Final general classification (11–86)[31] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
11 | ![]() |
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12 | ![]() |
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13 | ![]() |
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14 | ![]() |
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15 | ![]() |
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16 | ![]() |
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17 | ![]() |
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18 | ![]() |
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Points classification
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Mountains classification
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Young rider classification
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114h 59' 44" |
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Intermediate sprints classification
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Team classification
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Team points classification
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Aftermath
Later, Merckx said that his decision to stay in the Tour after he broke his cheekbone was stupid. He felt that it cut his career short.[3]
Thevenet later confessed that he had used cortisones in 1975.[37]
References
- ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1975 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ "Lista de Inscritos" (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 26 June 1975. p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Sidwells, Chris (17 June 2010). "Eddy Merckx magic moment – 1975 Tour de France". Cycling Weekly. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ "Deelname Merckx aan Tour de France is onzeker". De Krant van Toen (in Dutch). Leeuwarder Courant. 22 April 1975. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d McGann & McGann 2008, pp. 98–104.
- ^ a b c Augendre 2016, p. 66.
- ^ McGann & McGann 2008, pp. 88–93.
- ^ a b c Boyce, Barry (March 2006). "1975: Thevenet Exploits a Vulnerable Merckx". Cycling Revealed. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Augendre 2016, p. 178.
- ^ "De bergen in de Ronde van Frankrijk" [The mountains in the Tour de France]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). 26 June 1975. p. 21 – via Delpher.
- ^ a b c "62ème Tour de France 1975" [62nd Tour de France 1975]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
- ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1975 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ Augendre 2016, p. 109.
- ^ "Ondanks zaak-Delepine neemt dopinggebruik af in de Tour-karavaan". Leidse Courant (in Dutch). 7 July 1975. p. 9.
- ^ "Tombés au champs d'honneur". Dopage.com (in French). Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ "Delepine betrapt op doping". Nieuwe Leidsche Courant (in Dutch). 7 July 1975. p. 9.
- ^ "Felice Gimondi weer positief". Leidse Courant (in Dutch). 28 July 1975. p. 14.
- ^ "Dopingrel". Leidse Courant (in Dutch). 21 July 1975. p. 10.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–455.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.
- ^ "Geen bonificaties in Tour de France". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). De Krant van Toen. 18 December 1974. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 453–454.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
- ^ a b Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 454–455.
- ^ a b c Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.
- ^ van den Akker 2018, pp. 211–216.
- ^ "Van kilometer tot kilometer" [From kilometer to kilometer]. De Vrije Zeeuw (in Dutch). 16 July 1975. p. 11 – via Krantenbank Zeeland.
- ^ "Tour panorama". Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 22 July 1975. p. 19. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019.
- ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1975" [Information about the Tour de France from 1975]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1975 – Stage 22 Paris > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Clasificaciones oficiales" (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 21 July 1975. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2019.
- ^ "Bergprijs" [Mountain prize]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 22 July 1975. p. 19. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019.
{{cite news}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; 23 April 2019 suggested (help) - ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Stand in het jongerenklassement – Etappe 22" [Standings in the youth classification – Stage 22]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Sprintdoorkomsten in de Tour de France 1975" [Sprint results in the Tour de France 1975]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ Saunders 1975, "Final team points classification".
- ^ Thompson 2008, p. 242.
Bibliography
- Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF) (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help); Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007. Vol. 2. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59858-608-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (2012). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-300-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Saunders, David (1975). Tour de France 1975. Keighley, UK: Kennedy Brothers Publishing.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Thompson, Christopher S. (2008). The Tour de France: A Cultural History. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25630-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - van den Akker, Pieter (2018). Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018. Self-published. ISBN 978-1-79398-080-9.
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(help)
External links
Media related to 1975 Tour de France at Wikimedia Commons