List of political parties in Brazil

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Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the Social Liberal Party (PSL) and the Democrats (DEM) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies.[1] Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these four major parties.[2]

Since 1982 Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Often political parties change their names but retain their number.

Summary of parliamentary Parties

In the Federal Senate

As of April 2020[3]

  • 13 seats: MDB
  • 12 seats: PSD
  • 10 seats: PODE
  • 7 seats: PSDB
  • 6 seats: PT, DEM, PP
  • 3 seats: REDE, PROS, PDT, Cidadania
  • 2 seats: PSB, PL, Republicanos, PSL
  • 1 seat: PSC

In the Chamber of Deputies

As of April 2020[4]

  • 53 seats: PT
  • 41 seats: PSL
  • 40 seats: PP
  • 38 seats: PL
  • 37 seats: PSD
  • 34 seats: MDB
  • 33 seats: PSDB
  • 31 seats: Republicanos
  • 30 seats: PSB
  • 28 seats: PDT
  • 26 seats: DEM
  • 14 seats: Solidariedade
  • 12 seats: PTB, PODE
  • 10 seats: PSOL, PROS
  • 9 seats: Cidadania
  • 8 seats: PCdoB, NOVO, PSC
  • 7 seats: Avante
  • 5 seats: Patriota
  • 4 seats: PV
  • 1 seat: REDE, PRTB, Independent

Current parties

Party name (Portuguese) Party name (English) Abbrev. TSE number Foundation date Registration date Number of members Ideology Position
Movimento Democrático Brasileiro Brazilian Democratic Movement MDB 15 1965 30 June 1981 2,163,046 Big tent[5]
Fiscal conservatism[6]
Syncretic politics[7]		 Centre[8] to centre-right[9]
Partido dos Trabalhadores Workers' Party PT 13 1980 11 February 1982 1,534,315 Social democracy[10]
Democratic socialism[11]
Economic progressivism[6]
Left-wing populism[12]Lulism[13] 		Centre-left[14][15] to left-wing[16][17]
Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira Brazilian Social Democracy Party PSDB 45 1988 24 August 1988 1,379,168 Economic liberalism[18]
Social democracy[19]
Third Way[20]		 Centre[21] to centre-left[22]
Progressistas Progressives PP 11 1995 16 November 1995 1,341,479 Brazilian nationalism[23]
National conservatism[23]
Social conservatism[24]		 Right-wing[6]
Partido Democrático Trabalhista Democratic Labour Party PDT 12 1979 10 November 1981 1,162,151 Democratic socialism[25]
Left-wing nationalism[25]
Political labour[26]		 Centre-left[27] to left-wing[28]
Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro Brazilian Labour Party PTB 14 1981 3 November 1981 1,091,972 Economic liberalism[6]
Fiscal conservatism[6]
Social conservatism[6]		 Centre-right[6] to right-wing[28]
Democratas Democrats DEM 25 1985 11 September 1986 1,024,980 Brazilian conservatism[6]
Fiscal conservatism[6]
Social conservatism[6]		 Right-wing[28]
Partido Liberal Liberal Party PL 22 2006 19 December 2006 771,354 Economic liberalism[6]
Fiscal conservatism[6]
National liberalism[29]		 Centre-right[30]
Partido Socialista Brasileiro Brazilian Socialist Party PSB 40 1947 1 July 1988 641,202 Democratic socialism[27]
Left-wing nationalism[6]
Social democracy[6]		 Centre-left[27] to left-wing[28]
Republicanos Republicans Republicanos 10 2005 25 August 2005 478,450 Economic nationalism[31]
Fiscal conservatism[6]
Social conservatism[6]		 Right-wing[28]
Cidadania Citizenship Cidadania 23 1992 19 March 1992 458,796 Economic liberalism[6]
LGBT rights[32]
Social progressivism[6]		 Centre-left[27]
Partido Social Liberal Social Liberal Party PSL 17 1994 2 June 1998 435,890 Conservatism[33]
Christian right[34]
Economic liberalism[35]
Militarism[36]
National conservatism[37]
Right-wing populism[38]
Social conservatism[39]Minority:Monarchism[40] 		Right-wing[28] to far-right[9]
Partido Social Cristão Social Christian Party PSC 20 1985 29 March 1990 419,454 Christian right[41]
Political Catholicism[42]
Social conservatism[6]		 Right-wing[28] to far-right[9]
Partido Comunista do Brasil Communist Party of Brazil PCdoB 65 1962 23 June 1968 416,174 Communism
Marxism–Leninism[43]		 Far-left[44]
Podemos We Can PODE 19 1945 2 October 1997 408,863 Direct democracy[45]
Fiscal conservatism[6]
Social conservatism[6]		 Right-wing[28]
Partido Social Democrático Social Democratic Party PSD 55 2011 27 September 2011 406,413 Big tent[46]
Classical liberalism[46]
Syncretic politics[46]		 Centre[27]
Partido Verde Green Party PV 43 1986 30 September 1993 365,556 Direct democracy[47]
Green politics[48]
Parliamentary system[49]		 Centre[9]
Patriota Patriot Patriota 51 2011 19 June 2012 331,629 Brazilian nationalism[50]
Christian nationalism[50]
National conservatism[50]		 Right-wing[28] to far-right[51]
Solidariedade Solidarity Solidariedade 77 2013 24 September 2013 252,606 Economic interventionism[6]
Political labour[6]
Social conservatism[6]		 Centre[28]
Partido da Mobilização Nacional Party of National Mobilization PMN 33 1984 25 October 1990 218,808 Agrarian socialism[52]
Left-wing nationalism[52]
Social patriotism[52]		 Left-wing[52]
Avante Avante Avante 70 1989 11 October 1994 212,115 Brazilian nationalism[6]
Political labour[6]
Social conservatism[6]		 Centre[27]
Partido Trabalhista Cristão Christian Labour Party PTC 36 1985 22 February 1990 189,377 Christian democracy[53]
Liberal conservatism[53]
Political labour[53]		 Right-wing[28]
Partido Socialismo e Liberdade Socialism and Liberty Party PSOL 50 2004 15 September 2005 186,661 Democratic socialism[54]
LGBT rights[55]
Social progressivism[6]		 Left-wing[6] to far-left[56]
Democracia Cristã Christian Democracy DC 27 1995 5 August 1997 178,458 Christian democracy[57]
Christian right[57]
Social conservatism[57]		 Right-wing[28]
Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro Brazilian Labour Renewal Party PRTB 28 1994 28 March 1995 147,255 Brazilian nationalism[58]
Christian right[55]
Political labour[59]Minority: Conspiracist ideation[60]

Integralism[61][62]

Far-right[58]
Partido Republicano da Ordem Social Republican Party of the Social Order PROS 90 2010 24 September 2013 119,592 Big tent[63]
Economic interventionism[6]
Syncretic politics[63]		 Centre[28]
Partido da Mulher Brasileira Party of the Brazilian Women PMB 35 2015 29 September 2015 47,045 Anti-feminism[64]

Paternalistic conservatism[65]
Social conservatism[65]
Women's rights[65]

Right-wing[28]
Partido Novo New Party NOVO 30 2011 15 September 2015 42,049 Economic liberalism
Fiscal conservatism
Liberal conservatism		 Centre-right[27] to right-wing[28]
Rede Sustentabilidade Sustainability Network REDE 18 2013 23 September 2015 33,219 Environmentalism[66][67][68]
Anti-corruption[66][67]		 Centre-left[69][70]
Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado United Socialist Workers' Party PSTU 16 1972 19 December 1995 15,823 Orthodox Marxism[71]
Political labour[71]
Radical left[71]		 Far-left[56]
Partido Comunista Brasileiro Brazilian Communist Party PCB 21 1922 25 March 1922 12,757 Classical Marxism[72]
Radical left[72]
Revolutionary socialism[72]		 Far-left[56]
Partido da Causa Operária Workers' Cause Party PCO 29 1995 30 September 1997 4,374 Orthodox Marxism[73]
Political labour[73]
Revolutionary socialism[73]		 Far-left[56]
Unidade Popular Popular Unity UP 80 2016 10 December 2019 1,114 Left-wing nationalism[74]
Radical left[74]
Revolutionary socialism[74]		 Far-left[74]

Non-registered

Waiting for registration in the Superior Electoral Court:

Name (Portuguese) Name (English) Abbrev. Foundation date Ideology Position
Partido Comunista Revolucionário - Unidade Popular pelo Socialismo Revolutionary Communist Party - Popular Unity for Socialism PCR-UP May 1966 Communism, Marxism-Leninism Far-left
Partido Nacional Corinthiano Corinthians National Party PNC 2012 Corinthianism, Antiautoritarism Left-wing
Libertários Libertarians LIBER 20 June 2009 Libertarianism, Minarchism, Anarcho-capitalism Right-wing
Partido dos Servidores Públicos e dos Trabalhadores da Iniciativa Privada do Brasil Public Servers and Private Initiative Workers' of Brasil Party PSPB 2007 Socialism, Labour movement Far-left
Partido da Real Democracia Parlamentar Royal Parliamentary Democracy Party RDP 9 November 2013 Monarchism, Conservatism, Nationalism, Parliamentarism Right-wing to far-right
Partido Pirata do Brasil Pirate Party of Brazil PIRATAS 28 July 2012 Pirate politics, Freedom of information Centre
Aliança Renovadora Nacional New National Renewal Alliance ARENA 1 July 2012 Conservatism, Nationalism, Economic liberalism, Meritocracy Right-wing
Partido dos Conservadores Conservatives' Party PACO 2003 Conservatism, Anti-communism, Judeo-Christianism Right-wing
União Democrática Nacional (Nova) National Democratic Union (New) UDN 2014 Conservatism, Economic liberalism Right-wing
Partido Político dos Animais Animals' Political Party ANIMAIS 2016 Animal Rights, Animal Welfare, Environmental Movement, Green Politics Centre-Left
Aliança pelo Brasil Alliance for Brazil APB 12 November 2019 Conservatism, Brazilian nationalism, National conservatism, Anti-communism, Right-wing populism Far-right
Aliança Nacional National Alliance AN Separatism, Independentism, Federalism Centre
Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista Marxist–Leninist Communist Party PCML Marxism-Leninism, Stalinism Far-left

Former

Recently absorbed or merged parties

Name (Portuguese) Abbrev. Name (English) TSE number Ideology Merged in Year
Partido Social Democrático PSD Social Democratic Party 41 Centrism, Social democracy PTB 2002
Partido Geral dos Trabalhadores PGT General Party of the Workers 30 Centrism, Social democracy Liberal Party 2002
Partido Social Trabalhista PST Social Labour Party 18 Centrism Liberal Party 2002
Partido dos Aposentados da Nação PAN Party of the Nation's Retirees 26 Centrism Brazilian Labour Party 2006
Partido Liberal PL Liberal Party 22 Centrism, Populism Liberal Party 2006
Partido da Reedificação da Ordem Nacional PRONA Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order 56 Nationalism, Populism Liberal Party 2006
Partido Republicano Progressista PRP Progressive Republican Party (Brazil) 44 Conservatism Patriota 2018
Partido Ecológico Nacional PEN National Ecologist Party 44 National conservatism, Ecologism Patriota 2017
Partido Pátria Livre PPL Free Fatherland Party 54 Left-wing nationalism Communist Party of Brazil 2018
Partido Humanista da Solidariedade PHS Humanist Party of Solidarity 31 Centre-right Podemos 2018

Historical

Name (Portuguese) Name (English) Abbrev. Lifetime Ideology Position
Partido Libertador Liberator Party PL 1928-1937, 1945-1965 Federalism Centre-Right
Ação Integralista Brasileira Brazilian Integralist Action AIB 1933–1938 Integralism, Fascism Far-right
Partido Orientador Trabalhista Orienting Labour Party POT 1945-1951 Conservatism, Populism Centre-Right
Partido de Representação Popular Popular Representation Party PRP 1945–1965 Integralism, National conservatism Far-right
Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro Brazilian Labour Party PTB 1945–1965 Nationalism, Populism Centre-Left to Left-Wing
Partido Social Democrático Social Democratic Party PSD 1945–1965 Conservatism, Populism Centre to Centre-Right
União Democrática Nacional National Democratic Union UDN 1945–1965 Conservatism Right-Wing
Partido Democrata Cristão Christian Democratic Party PDC 1945-66; 1985–1993 Christian democracy, Conservatism Right-Wing
Partido Social Progresista Progressive Social Party PSP 1947–1966 Conservatism, Populism Centre-Right to Right-Wing
Aliança Renovadora Nacional National Renewal Alliance Party ARENA 1966–1979 Conservatism, Nationalism Right-Wing to Far-Right
Movimento Democrático Brasileiro Brazilian Democratic Movement MDB 1966–1979 Centrism Centre-Left
Partido Democrático Social Democratic Social Party PDS 1979–1993 Conservatism Right-Wing
Partido da Reconstrução Nacional National Reconstruction Party PRN 1989–2000 Centrism, Populism Centre-Right to Right-Wing
Partido Progressista Reformador Reform Progressive Party PPR 1993–1995 Conservatism, Christian democracy Right-Wing

See also

References

  1. ^ Freedom House report on Brazil, 2007
  2. ^ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". www.tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  3. ^ Full list of Senators ordered by Party, Brazilian Senate website. (in Portuguese) Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  4. ^ Full list of Deputies, Brazilian Chamber of Deputies website. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  5. ^ "O lugar do PMDB na política brasileira: o limitedas tipologias partidárias" (PDF).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "Direita ou esquerda? Análise de votações indica posição de partidos brasileiros no espectro ideológico".
  7. ^ "De criação na ditadura até rompimento com governo: o PMDB em 10 capítulos".
  8. ^ O Globo. "Maioria dos partidos se posiciona como de Centro. Veja quem sobra no campo da Direita e da Esquerda". Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d "O que significa esquerda, direita e centro na política?".
  10. ^ Samuels, D. (2004). From Socialism to Social Democracy: Party Organization and the Transformation of the Workers’ Party in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies, 37(9), 999–1024. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004268856
  11. ^ ""A saída é pela esquerda: por um PT com projeto estratégico socialista!"".
  12. ^ "Proposta do PT é "populista' e "estúpida', diz Dornbusch".
  13. ^ "Cientista político André Singer explica sua tese sobre o lulismo - 19/08/2012 - Ilustríssima". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  14. ^ Claire Rigby (14 November 2016). "How Lula's party fell from grace: the toppling of the Brazilian left". New Statesman. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  15. ^ Daniel Gallas (29 March 2016). "Dilma Rousseff and Brazil face up to decisive month". BBC News. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  16. ^ The demise of Brazil’s great centrist party. The Economist. Published 1 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  17. ^ Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right president-elect accused of campaign funding irregularities. The Independent. Author - Shehab Khan. Published 14 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  18. ^ 'O novo PSDB assume sua bandeira liberal', diz pupilo de Dзria
  19. ^ "O PSDB é Social Democrata?"
  20. ^ “A terceira via está crescendo. Pesquisa que vale é a de 7 de outubro”, diz Geraldo Alckmin
  21. ^ "Centro-direita não tem a ver com PSDB, diz FHC". Estadão.
  22. ^ "Brazil opposition leader will seek economic reforms". Reuters.
  23. ^ a b "Programa Partidário".
  24. ^ "Partido Progressista quer atrair eleitor contra aborto, redução da maioridade penal e casamento homossexual".
  25. ^ a b "PDT – 38 Anos de Socialismo".
  26. ^ PDT - Partido Democrático Trabalhista
  27. ^ a b c d e f g "Maioria dos partidos se posiciona como de Centro. Veja quem sobra no campo da Direita e da Esquerda".
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Direita cresce e engole o centro no Congresso mais fragmentado da história".
  29. ^ ":: Partido da República - 22 ::".
  30. ^ "O que significa esquerda, direita e centro na política?".
  31. ^ "PRB: BISPOS, NETINHO E ROSANE COLLOR".
  32. ^ "Arquivos ideologia - Cidadania23".
  33. ^ "Brazil elections: Bolsonaro and Haddad choices before voters". BBC. 28 October 2018.
  34. ^ "'A political rupture': far right ready to roll in Bolsonaro's Brazil".
  35. ^ "Bolsonaro uniu agenda liberal ao conservadorismo".
  36. ^ Venaglia, Guilherme (5 August 2018). "Com discurso militarista, PSL de Bolsonaro lança Major Olímpio ao Senado" (in Portuguese). MSN. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  37. ^ "Jair Bolsonaro seeks top judge to become Brazil justice minister". BBC News. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  38. ^ Pearson, Samantha; Magalhaes, Luciana (28 October 2018). "Far-right populist Jair Bolsonaro wins divisive Brazil presidential election". MarketWatch. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  39. ^ "Bolsonaro decide concorrer à Presidência pelo PSL".
  40. ^ Nascimento, Raul Holderf. "Monarquistas se aproximam de Bolsonaro e reforçam base de apoio do presidenciável" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  41. ^ "Mission and Values".
  42. ^ "Social Christian Party - Historic".
  43. ^ TSE Estatuto do Partido Comunista do Brasil
  44. ^ Extrema Esquerda – O que é? Conceito, Características e Partidos no Brasil
  45. ^ "Novo partido Podemos usa estratégia internacional para se firmar".
  46. ^ a b c "Princípios e Valores - Partido Social Democrático".
  47. ^ "Os 12 Valores do PV".
  48. ^ "Programa".
  49. ^ "A saída é o parlamentarismo".
  50. ^ a b c Umpieres, Rodrigo Tolotti. "Quem é Cabo Daciolo, o candidato nacionalista que quer transformar o Brasil em uma teocracia". www.infomoney.com.br.
  51. ^ "A extrema direita evangélica do Brasil pode eleger o próximo presidente do país".
  52. ^ a b c d "PARTIDO DA MOBILIZAÇÃO NACIONAL (PMN)".
  53. ^ a b c "Sobre o Partido".
  54. ^ "PSOL -Relação daOrigem no desenvolvimento de sua Organização, Participação Eleitoral e Atuação Parlamentar" (PDF).
  55. ^ a b "Declarações de Levy Fidelix sobre gays geram indignação".
  56. ^ a b c d "Partidos de Extrema Esquerda lideram ações na USP".
  57. ^ a b c "Programa de governo de Eymael".
  58. ^ a b "Alinhada a Mussolini e a Levy Fidelix, Frente Nacionalista é alvo de investigação pelo MP-PR".
  59. ^ "Programa".
  60. ^ prtb1 (12 June 2018). "MEIRELLES ILLUMINATI". PRTB - Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 18 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  61. ^ "Movimento fascista, integralismo tem adeptos na órbita do governo Bolsonaro". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  62. ^ "Movimento integralista resiste e vê bom momento para difusão de suas ideias". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 December 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  63. ^ a b "PROS ::: Partido Republicano da Ordem Social".
  64. ^ "Em entrevista, Denise Abreu diz que "o PMB é antifeminista"". Exame (in Brazilian Portuguese). 12 February 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  65. ^ a b c "Pró-união gay, contra o machismo e o aborto: Partido da Mulher Brasileira é o 35º do Brasil após decisão do TSE".
  66. ^ a b Paraguassu, Lisandra; Brito, Ricardo (6 July 2018). "Marina Silva counts on Brazil anti-graft wave in threadbare campaign". Reuters U.S. Brazilia: Reuters. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  67. ^ a b "Bello" column (7 September 2017). "The Appeal of Macronismo in Latin America: Rebuilding the Radical Centre". The Economist, vol. 424, no. 9057, p. 34 (U.S. edition). Print edition uses the sub-title only. Author of the "Bello" column was identified in the online masthead as journalist Michael Reid.
  68. ^ "Brazil's most popular politician, Lula, won't be on the October presidential ballot. Here's what comes next". Washington Post. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  69. ^ Novaes, Marina (1 October 2015). "A um ano das eleições, partido de Marina Silva embola xadrez político". EL PAÍS (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  70. ^ "TSE aprova criação da Rede Sustentabilidade, de Marina Silva - 22/09/2015 - Poder". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  71. ^ a b c "Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado".
  72. ^ a b c "MANUAL DE ORGANIZAÇÃO PARTIDÁRIA" (PDF).
  73. ^ a b c "Partido da Causa Operária".
  74. ^ a b c d "TSE oficializa e Brasil ganha novo partido político: o Unidade Popular (UP), de esquerda e socialista".
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