April 1930
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The following events occurred in April 1930:
April 1, 1930 (Tuesday)
- The new German chancellor Heinrich Brüning openly threatened the Reichstag with dissolution if it failed to carry out his policies. "The cabinet has been formed for the purpose of solving problems of vital importance to the country in the shortest possible time", he told the parliament. "This is our last effort to solve these problems with the present Reichstag."[1]
- The film The Blue Angel starring Marlene Dietrich premiered at Ufa-Palast in Berlin.[2]
- Born: Grace Lee Whitney, actress and entertainer, in Ann Arbor, Michigan (d. 2015)
- Died: Cosima Wagner, 92, daughter of Hungarian composer Franz Liszt, wife of German composer Richard Wagner and co-founder of the Bayreuth Festival
April 2, 1930 (Wednesday)
- The Japanese ferry ship Wakato Maru capsized in a gale off Kyushu. The ship was overcrowded beyond its normal capacity and about 100 lives were lost.[3]
- Ras Tafari Makonnen Woldemikael became the new Emperor of Ethiopia upon the death of Empress Zewditu.
- Born: Roddy Maude-Roxby, actor, in London, England
- Died: Zewditu, 53, Empress of Ethiopia
April 3, 1930 (Thursday)
- The 2nd Academy Awards were held in the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Unlike in the inaugural year, the winners were not announced in advance. The ceremony was also broadcast live on the radio for the first time, via the Los Angeles station KNX. The Broadway Melody won the award for Outstanding Picture.[4]
- The Montreal Canadiens hockey team won their third Stanley Cup, defeating the Boston Bruins 4–3 to win the Finals two games to none.
- Born: Lawton Chiles, politician, in Lakeland, Florida (d. 1998); Helmut Kohl, politician and statesman, in Ludwigshafen, Germany (d. 2017); Wally Moon, baseball player, in Bay, Arkansas (d. 2018)
April 4, 1930 (Friday)
- Former U.S. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg told a luncheon audience in Chicago that American isolationism was no longer viable. "A great nation like ours, with ten billions a year of foreign commerce, has as much to gain by the establishment of the World Court as any country in the world", he said.[5]
- The American Interplanetary Society was founded to conduct rocket experiments. In 1934 the organization changed its name to the American Rocket Society.
- Died: Victoria of Baden, 67, Queen of Sweden
April 5, 1930 (Saturday)
- A new law made Dutch the only official language of the University of Ghent, against the wishes of Belgium's Flemish minority.[6][7]
- Died: F. Digby Hardy, 62, English writer, soldier and criminal
April 6, 1930 (Sunday)
- Mahatma Gandhi ended the Salt March at Dandi, Navsari. Here Gandhi broke the law by picking up a few grains of salt from the beach.[8][9]
- René Dreyfus won the 2nd Monaco Grand Prix.
- The Order of the Red Star military decoration was established in the Soviet Union.
- The Twinkie snack cake was invented.
- Born: Juan Kachmanian, professional wrestler, in San Jose, California
April 7, 1930 (Monday)
- The government of the Soviet Union decided to establish a ministry of physical culture.[10]
- Born: Andrew Sachs, German-born British actor, in Berlin (d. 2016)
- Died: William P. G. Harding, 65, American banker
April 8, 1930 (Tuesday)
- The war film Journey's End premiered at the Gaiety Theatre in New York City.[11]
- Born: Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, in Paris, France (d. 2010)
April 9, 1930 (Wednesday)
- The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company sold Brunswick Records to Warner Bros.[12]
- Born: Wallace McCain, co-founder of the McCain Foods company, in Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada (d. 2011)
April 10, 1930 (Thursday)
- Police raided the Indian National Congress headquarters in Bombay and made two arrests.[13]
- Born: Frank Lary, baseball player, in Northport, Alabama; Spede Pasanen, filmmaker, inventor and television personality, in Kuopio, Finland (d. 2001)
- Died: Alfred Williams, 52, English poet
April 11, 1930 (Friday)
- The Tokyo Stock Exchange was suspended early for the day due to a selling panic.[14]
- Rioting was reported from Taranto, Italy due to economic conditions.[15]
- American scientists predicted that man would land on the moon by 2050.[16]
- Born: Anton LaVey, occultist, in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1997)
April 12, 1930 (Saturday)
- Germany and Austria signed a trade agreement.[17]
- University of Cambridge won the 82nd Boat Race. Cambridge now had an all-time record of 41–40 against Oxford, leading for the first time since 1863.[16]
- Born: Johnny Antonelli, baseball player, in Rochester, New York; Michał Życzkowski, technician and engineering professor, in Kraków, Poland (d. 2006)
April 13, 1930 (Sunday)
- 500,000 Indians held an orderly demonstration in Bombay, illegally making salt and throwing a monstrous effigy representing the salt tax into the sea.[18]
April 14, 1930 (Monday)
- Indian independence leader Jawaharlal Nehru was arrested and charged with violating the salt law.[19]
- On budget day in the United Kingdom, Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Snowden presented tax increases on income, death duties and beer.[20]
- The Reichstag approved Chancellor Brüning's series of economic bills which included farm relief and an increase in the tax on beer.[21]
- Died: Vladimir Mayakovsky, 36, Russian poet, playwright and actor (suicide); John B. Sheridan, 60, Irish-born American sportswriter
April 15, 1930 (Tuesday)
- Riots broke out in Calcutta over the imprisonment of Nehru and the city's mayor.[22]
- Born: Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, 4th President of Iceland, in Reykjavík
April 16, 1930 (Wednesday)
- Britain and the Soviet Union signed a new trade pact granting each other most favoured nation status.[23]
- First Lady Lou Henry Hoover suffered a back injury in a fall at the White House.[24] The injury was serious enough to require her to use a wheelchair during her recovery.[25]
- Thuringian interior minister Wilhelm Frick of the Nazi Party introduced nationalistic new prayers to be recited in elementary schools. Liberals objected to the propagandistic content of the prayers and challenged their constitutionality in court.[26] One line read, "I believe that thou wilt punish the betrayal of Germany and bless the actions of those who seek to free the Fatherland."[27]
- Born: Carol Bly, author, in Duluth, Minnesota (d. 2007); Herbie Mann, jazz flautist, in Pecos, New Mexico (d. 2003)
April 17, 1930 (Thursday)
- 27 Indian independence demonstrators were sentenced for breaking the salt laws, including Mahatma Gandhi's son Devdas, who received three months imprisonment. Mahatma Gandhi urged his followers to continue nonviolent forms of protest, saying that riots like the one in Calcutta "will harm our struggle."[28]
- The Paraguayan football club Club Sportivo San Lorenzo was founded.
April 18, 1930 (Friday)
- The Chittagong armoury raid occurred when Indian revolutionaries led by Surya Sen raided an armoury in the Bengal province of British India, seizing it and setting it on fire. Martial law was proclaimed and troops were called out to quell the uprising.[29][30]
- The 1930 Costești wooden church fire took place in the small Romanian town of Costești during Good Friday services when candles set some drapery on fire.[31]
- A typhoon swept through Leyte in the Philippines, causing extensive damage.[32]
- Died: Jack Stivetts, 62, American baseball player
- The BBC Radio news bulletin stated: "Good evening. Today is Good Friday. There is no news." Piano music followed.[33][34][35]
April 19, 1930 (Saturday)
- 3 were killed and 36 injured in fighting between police and protestors in Warsaw, Poland when 2,000 unemployed textile workers surrounded city hall and threw stones at the building while demanding assistance.[36]
- Clarence DeMar won his seventh Boston Marathon.[37]
- The drama film The Divorcee starring Norma Shearer was released.[38]
- The very first Warner Bros. cartoon short, Sinkin' in the Bathtub was released. It was the very first in the Looney Tunes series and introduced the character of Bosko.
- Born: Dick Sargent, actor, in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California (d. 1994)
April 20, 1930 (Sunday)
- Charles Lindbergh, accompanied by his wife Anne, flew a Lockheed Model 8 Sirius from Los Angeles to New York in 14 hours, 45 minutes and 32 seconds, a new transcontinental record.[39]
April 21, 1930 (Monday)
- The war film All Quiet on the Western Front premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles.[40]
- A fire at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus killed 320 inmates. It remains the worst prison fire in U.S. history.[41]
- The Presbyterian General Assembly publicized the findings of a commission appointed to investigate marriage and divorce in America. One section of the study blamed rising divorce rates on cultural tendencies such as jazz due to its "primeval jungle tom tom" which "inspires contortions of dance unfitting to incipient rheumatics", as well as stage plays and films in which adultery was "the fashionable theme".[42]
- Born: Silvana Mangano, actress, in Rome, Italy (d. 1989)
- Died: Robert Bridges, 85, English poet
April 22, 1930 (Tuesday)
- The London Naval Treaty was signed by representatives of the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy and the United States, limiting the tonnage of warships until 1936. France and Italy were exempted from the section that set limitations on total tonnage, but it was hoped that they would sign on to the full treaty at a later date.[43]
- 57 revolutionaries who participated in the Chittagong raid were surrounded on the Jalalabad range by government forces. 64 British troops and 11 revolutionaries were killed in the ensuing battle.[44]
- Died: Jeppe Aakjær, 63, Danish poet and novelist
April 23, 1930 (Wednesday)
- The Chicago Crime Commission labeled 28 men as "public enemies", popularizing the use of that term in the general lexicon. Al Capone was named "Public Enemy Number 1". Other names on the list included Terry Druggan, Jack McGurn, Bugs Moran, Joseph Saltis and Jack Zuta.[45][46]
- Born: Alan Oppenheimer, actor, in New York City
April 24, 1930 (Thursday)
- Edda Mussolini and Count Galeazzo Ciano were married at the Church of San Giuseppe in Rome.[47]
- Born: Richard Donner, director and producer, in the Bronx, New York; José Sarney, 31st President of Brazil, in Pinheiro, Maranhão
- Died: Adele Ritchie, 55, American comic opera singer (murder-suicide)
April 25, 1930 (Friday)
- Ralph Capone was found guilty on four counts of tax fraud.[48]
- Born: Paul Mazursky, film director, screenwriter and actor, in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2014)
April 26, 1930 (Saturday)
- Vithalbhai Patel resigned as President of the Central Legislative Assembly of India in sympathy with the independence movement.[49]
- Arsenal defeated Huddersfield Town 2–0 in the FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.
April 27, 1930 (Sunday)
- For the first time in history, an international radiotelephone call was made from a speeding train. Canadian National Railway President Sir Henry Worth Thornton phoned the U.S. commerce secretary Robert P. Lamont in Washington, then his Canadian counterpart James Malcolm, and finally made a call to the vice president of the company in London during the inauguration of a new train service from Montreal to Chicago.[50]
April 28, 1930 (Monday)
- The Turkestan–Siberia Railway opened, connecting the cities of Arys and Novosibirsk. Construction continued until January 1931 and the four-year project cost over 161 million rubles in total.[51][52]
- The Independence, Kansas baseball team of the Class C Western Association hosted the first regular season night game in organized baseball history. The visiting Muskogee Chiefs beat the Independence Producers under the lights by a score of 13–3 before a crowd of 1,000.[53][54]
- Born: James Baker, attorney and government official, in Houston, Texas; Carolyn Jones, actress, in Amarillo, Texas (d. 1983); Richard C. Sarafian, director and actor, in New York City (d. 2013)
- Died: Charles Grandmougin, 80, French poet and playwright
April 29, 1930 (Tuesday)
- Film producer and executive David O. Selznick married socialite Irene Mayer (daughter of film producer Louis B. Mayer) in a simple ceremony at Mayer's house.[55]
- Born: Jean Rochefort, actor, in Paris, France
April 30, 1930 (Wednesday)
- Italy decreed that its naval construction program for the next year would consist of 29 new ships totalling 42,900 tons, an increase of 12,000 tons over the previous year.[56]
- The Dutch football club Ter Leede was founded.
References
- ^ Schultz, Sigrid (April 2, 1930). "New Chancellor Dares Reichstag to Oppose Him". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 9.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 1. April 1930". chroniknet. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ "100 Die in Panic as Storm Sinks Japanese Ferry". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 3, 1930. p. 5.
- ^ "2nd Academy Awards Winners". Movie Movie. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ "Kellogg Defends World Court in Chicago Speech". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 5, 1930. p. 3.
- ^ Lawers, Gracienne. "The Use of Language in Education in Belgium." Language Rights Revisited – The Challenge of Global Migration and Communication. Ed. Dagmar Richter, Ingo Richter, Reetta Toivanen, Iryna Ulasiuk. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2012. p. 260. ISBN 978-3-8305-2809-8
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 5. April 1930". chroniknet. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ Gandhi, Gopalkrishna (April 6, 2010). "The Great Dandi March — eighty years after". The Hindu. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ Wolfenstein, E. Victor (1971). Revolutionary Personality: Lenin, Trotsky, Gandhi. Princeton University Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-4008-7187-2.
- ^ "Soviet Seeks Supermen, Forms Physical Culture Ministry". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 7, 1930. p. 3.
- ^ Holston, Kim R. (2013). Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7864-6062-5.
- ^ Laird, Ross (2001). Brunswick Records: New York sessions, 1916–1926. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-313-31866-5.
- ^ "Gandhi Wilts Under Strain of India Salt War". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 11, 1930. p. 25.
- ^ "Stock Exchange in Tokio Reopens; Panic Averted". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 12, 1930. p. 5.
- ^ "Italian Troops Fire on Rioters; Take 280 to Jail". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 12, 1930. p. 5.
- ^ a b Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 391. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 12. April 1930". chroniknet. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ "500,000 Hurl 'Salt Tax' into Sea at Bombay". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 14, 1930. p. 3.
- ^ Khanal, Vinod (November 13, 2014). "Mahatma Gandhi describes Nehru's arrest in 1930 as 'rest'". The Times of India. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ Steele, John (April 15, 1930). "22 1/2% of British Incomes Taken by New Tax Law". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 10.
- ^ Schultz, Sigrid (April 15, 1930). "Reichstag Puts Higher Tax on Beer by 9 Votes". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 12.
- ^ "One Slain, Many Hurt in India's Salt Tax Riots". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 16, 1930. p. 1.
- ^ "British, Russian Envoys Sign New Commerce Pact". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 17, 1930. p. 3.
- ^ "Mrs. Hoover Injures her Back Slightly in Fall at White House". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 17, 1930. p. 1.
- ^ "Injuries Still Curb Activities of Mrs. Hoover". Chicago Daily Tribune: 1. May 14, 1930.
- ^ Lamberti, Marjorie (2004). The Politics of Education: Teachers and School Reform in Weimar Germany. Bergahn Books. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-57181-299-5.
- ^ "German Schools Forbidden to Use 'Kaiser' Prayer". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 12, 1930. p. 12.
- ^ "Britain Jails 27 Leaders of Salt Tax War in India". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 18, 1930. p. 23.
- ^ Overstreet, Gene D.; Windmiller, Marshall (1959). Communism in India. University of California Press. p. 138.
- ^ Stevenson, Richard (2005). Bengal Tiger and British Lion: An Account of the Bengal Famine of 1943. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-595-36209-7.
- ^ "144 Die; Fire and Panic End Easter Mass". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 19, 1930. p. 1.
- ^ "Fear Many Dead After Typhoon Hits Philippines". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 21, 1930. p. 1.
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1930s.stm
- ^ http://www.cjr.org/the_kicker/and_thats_the_way_it_was_april_11.php
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p010szlg
- ^ "Polish Jobless Battle Police; 3 Slain, 36 Hurt". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 20, 1930. p. 20.
- ^ "Boston Marathon Yearly Synopses". Boston Marathon Media Guide. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Reid, John Howard (2008). Silent Films & Early Talkies on DVD: A Classic Movie Fan's Guide. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4357-1073-3.
- ^ "Lindy Spans U.S. in 15 Hours". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 21, 1930. p. 1.
- ^ Kelly, Andrew (1998). Filming "All Quiet On the Western Front". New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-86064-361-3.
- ^ "A List of Victims of the Ohio Penitentiary Fire". Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ Evans, John (April 22, 1930). "Sex Paganism Imperils Home, Churchmen Say". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ Steele, John (April 23, 1930). "Navy Envoys Off for U.S.". Chicago Daily Tribune. pp. 1, 8.
- ^ Sen, S.N. (2006). History: Modern India. Delhi: New Age Publishers. p. 193. ISBN 978-81-224-1774-6.
- ^ "List 28 as "Public Enemies"". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 24, 1930. pp. 1, 8.
- ^ Girardin, G. Russell; Helmer, William J. (2005). Dillinger: The Untold Story. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-253-21633-5.
- ^ "Il Duce's Daughter is Bride of Count". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 24, 1930. p. 1.
- ^ "Gangster Capone to Prison". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 26, 1930. p. 1.
- ^ Dailey, Charles (April 27, 1930). "India Asks League for Help". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ Jackson, Stanley (April 28, 1930). "London Talks to Canadian Train by Phone". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ "Russia Opens New Railway in Asian Wilds". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 29, 1930. p. 8.
- ^ "Stalin's Railroad: Turksib and the Building of Socialism". BiblioVault. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ Eddleton, Oscar. "Under the Lights". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ Prager, Joshua (2008). The Echoing Green. Vintage Books. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-307-38933-6.
- ^ Eyman, Scott (2005). Lion of Hollywood: The Life and Legend of Louis B. Mayer. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-4391-0791-1.
- ^ Darrah, David (May 1, 1930). "Italy Orders 29 Warahips; Naval Race On". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.