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Draft:Kingdom of Bukidnon

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Kingdom of Bukidnon
Mata Binukid (Manobo), Kerajaan Bukidnon (Malay)
c.983–1596
CapitalTagoloan, Kalasungay (Modern Kalasungay in Malaybalay City), Lantapan
Common languagesManobo languages, Old Malay, Higaonon, Talaandig, Sanskrit
Religion
Syncretic form of Hinduism, Buddhism, Paganism, Animism and (see also Polytheism)
Roman Catholicism (since 1521)
Rajah 
• 983
Jīn Qiáng
• 1130
Rajah Gamhanan
• 1200-1269
Rajah Tudog
• 1280-1350
Rajah Dakas
• 1560
Rajah Malaw
• 1521–1565
Rajah Aluy | Don Pedro Heneral (last)
Vassal Kings 
• 1770-1880
Rajah Araw Heneral
• 1800-1913
Rajah Ala - Ignacio 'Alanib' Heneral
History 
• Established
c.983
• Disestablished
1596
CurrencyGold and silver coins
 Succeeded by
Captaincy General of the Philippines
Today part ofPhilippines
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The Rajahnate of Bukidnon[1] (Manobo: Mata Binukid, Malay: Kerajaan Bukidnon, Chinese: 王國中的提示, Filipino: Kinaharian ng Bukidnon, Cebuano: Gingharian sa Bukidnon, Spanish: Reino de Bukidnon) was a kingdom, located in northern-central part of the Philippine island of Mindanao. It covered a huge area, encompassing an area similar to that of the modern-day Bukidnon Province. It was formed one of the six "Great Kingdoms of Mindanao"[2].

History

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See also: Hinduism in the Philippines, Religion in pre-colonial Philippines, Indosphere, and Indianisation

Discovery of the Chinese

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Chinese travelers discovered the king on the island around 983 A.D., who referred to it as "Wángguó Zhōng de Tíshì", or the "kingdom at the tip", due to the location of the kingdom at the near-tip of Mindanao. The king was an individual the Chinese referred to as "Jīn Qiáng", literally meaning "strong king" in Chinese.

Reign of Rajah Gamhanan

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The kingdom prospered and traded with the nearby Rajahnate of Butuan located in northeastern Mindanao. At that point, the Manobo kings of Bukidnon adopted Indian influence, with their king, Gamhanan taking the title "Rajah" and adhering to Hindu deities around 1130 A.D. At that same time, Srivijayans arrived to commence relations between the Rajahnate of Bukidnon and the Srivijayan Empire, forging an alliance between the two nations.

Reign of Rajah Dakas

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In 1298 A.D., during the reign of an individual Rajah Dakas, an alliance with the Majahapit Empire was formed with the arrival of Javanese and Indian envoys.

Diplomacy with other Southeast Asian Kingdoms

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The Rajahnate of Bukidnon had diplomatic recognition among the other kingdoms of Southeast Asia. They traded extensively with the Srivijayan Empire, Majahapit Empire as well as China, incorporating Buddhist and Chinese political practices into their traditions. They had also religious, cultural, and trade links with the Sultanate of Maguindanao, Sulu, and Rajanates of Butuan and Cebu.

Reign of Rajah Alúy

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During the Spanish expedition into Mindanao, the conquistadors encountered a rajah named Aluy in 1567 around the same time they encountered the rulers of Butuan. Rajah Aluy, though weary of the Spanish conquistadors, converted to Roman Catholicism and was given the name and title of Don Pedro Heneral. The Spanish gave him the Heneral title since he was king of the Rajanate of Bukidnon and commanded a great number of sympathizers and warriors.

The Realm of Bukidnon

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In 1567, Rajah Alúy[3] converted to Roman Catholicism and was given the name and title of Don Pedro Heneral. The Kingdom of Bukidnon was absorbed into the Spanish Empire, as a vassal state known as the "Realm of Bukidnon" or the "Reino de Bukidnon".

Great Alliance of Six

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Along with the other natives of Mindanao, Don Pedro Heneral rebelled and joined with the other five kingdoms: the Sultanate of Maguindanao, Sulu, Lanao, Buluan, and Rajahnate of Butuan in the war effort against the Spanish Empire, forming the "Great Alliance of Six". However, Don Pedro Heneral was killed in battle in 1596, and the Spanish ended up vanquishing the kingdom's forces, resulting in the retreat of the Manobos into the mountains. Though, the retreating Manobos continued to attack as they retreated.


See also

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Related to Bukidnon polity
Other related

Notes

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  1. ^ Gold, the Spanish Empire 1596 A. D. Currency; Philippines, silver coins Today part of. "Kingdom of Bukidnon (21st Century Crisis)". Alternative History. Retrieved June 21, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Maguindanaon, Great Alliance of Six Pakatan Besar di EnamAlyansang Mahusay ng AnimGran Alianza del Seis1525-1600s Capital Kota Batu Languages; Maranaon; Iranun; Manobo; languages, Malay; Butuanon; languages, Visayan; Arabic; Islam, Spanish Religion. "Great Alliance of Six (21st Century Crisis)". Alternative History. Retrieved June 21, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Kalasungay, AluyRajah of BukidnonReign ?-1596 A. D. Died 1596Place of death; Catholic, Rajahnate of BukidnonPredecessor Rajah MalawSuccessor monarchy abolishedReligious beliefs Roman. "Rajah Aluy (21st Century Crisis)". Alternative History. Retrieved June 21, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)



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