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List of equipment of the Royal Malaysian Air Force

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The equipment of the Royal Malaysian Air Force can be subdivided into: aircraft, ammunition, weapons, satellites, and ground vehicles.

Aircraft

Current

Aircraft Image Type Origin Class Role In service No. Notes
Fighter aircraft
Sukhoi Su-30MKM Su-30MKM  Russia Jet Multirole fighter 18[1] 18 Specialised development of the Sukhoi Su-30 for the Royal Malaysian Air Force.[2]
Boeing F/A-18 Hornet F/A-18D  USA Jet Multirole fighter 8[3] 8 All-weather.
Mikoyan MiG-29 MiG-29N
MiG-29NUB 		 Russia Jet Air superiority fighter 10[4]
2[4] 		12 Scheduled for retirement in 2015.
BAE Hawk Mk 108
Mk 208 		 UK Jet Light multirole fighter 6[4]
13[5] 		19 Mk 208 is a single seat light multirole fighter.
Mk 108 is an advanced weapons trainer with combat capabilities.[5]
Northrop F-5 F-5 Tiger II
RF-5E Tigereye 		 USA Jet Light attack, Reconnaissance 16[4]
2[4] 		18 Scheduled for retirement in 2014.[6]
Aermacchi MB-339 MB-339AM
MB-339CM 		 Italy Jet Lead-in fighter, Light fighter 18 24 10 x MB-339AM, 8 x MB-339CM.
Cargo/transport aircraft
Airbus A400M A400M  EU Propeller Long range/tactical military transport 3 4 First A400M received in 2015.[7] Two more on order.[8][9]
Lockheed C-130 Hercules C-130H
C-130MP
KC-130T 		 USA Propeller Military transport, Maritime patrol aircraft, Aerial refuelling 10
1
4 		15 10 C-130H, 1 C-130MP and 4 KC-130T. C-130MP is a maritime patrol variant and can be reconfigured into tactical airlift. The 4 KC-130T provide aerial refuelling.
CASA CN-235 CN-235-220M-VIP
CN-235-220M 		 Spain
 Indonesia 		Propeller Military transport, Maritime patrol 7[10][11] 8 Military transport for army airborne (PAC) and humanitarian uses. One lost to crash.[11]
Beechcraft Super King Air B200T  USA Propeller Maritime patrol aircraft 4[4] 4 Two Beechcraft Super King Air 350 are leased from Aerotree Defence Services Sdn Bhd.[12]
Cessna 402 402B  USA Propeller Military transport 10[4] 10
Boeing Business Jet BBJ1 (737-700)  USA Jet VIP transport 1 1 Used for the Prime Minister and/or Deputy Prime Minister.
Bombardier Global Express BD700  Canada Jet VIP transport 1 1
Dassault Falcon 900 900B  France Jet VIP transport 1 1
Airbus 319 A319CJ  France
 Germany
 China 		Jet VIP transport 1 1
Fokker F28 Fellowship F28-1000  Netherlands Jet VIP transport 1 1
Trainer aircraft
Pilatus PC-7 Turbo Trainer PC-7
PC-7 Mk II 		  Switzerland Propeller Trainer 30[4]
17[4] 		47
MD3-160 Aerotiga unknown   Switzerland Propeller Trainer 20 20
Helicopters
Aérospatiale Alouette III SA-316B
SA-319B 		 France Helicopter Trainer 13 33 7 × SA-316Bs transferred from RSAF in 1978/9), 10 transferred to Malaysian Army Aviation.
Eurocopter EC120 Colibri H120/EC120B  France
 China
 Singapore 		Helicopter Trainer 1 6 Ordered to replace the ageing Aérospatiale Alouette III. The aircraft was supplied by Gading Kasturi Sdn Bhd and leased from them.[12] The company will provided total engineering and logistics support to five Airbus EC120B helicopter and one EC 120B simulator through Company Own Military Operates (COMO) concept for its basic helicopter flying school. The program also involves in house upgrading of the EC120B to fully glass cockpit and Near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS).[13]
Eurocopter EC 725 Super Cougar/Caracal  France Helicopter Transport, CSAR 12 12 Originally ordered to replace the ageing Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King (Nuri). However, only 12 out of 28 managed to be purchased.[14]
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King S61A-4 Nuri  USA Helicopter Transport, SAR 17[15] 31 Built by Agusta under licence. 12 transferred to the Malaysian Army Aviation. Originally planned to be removed due to 89 personnel having been killed in 15 crashes since it was introduced. However, as Malaysia only managed to order 12 of a planned 28 EC725s as replacements, this forced the air force to prolong the life of its Sikorskys.[14]
Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk S-70
S-70A 		 USA Helicopter VIP transport
Utility 		2
(4)[16] 		6[16] 4 S-70A transferred to RMAF from the RBAF.[17]
Agusta A109 A109C  Italy
 UK 		Helicopter Utility 1 1
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King AS-61N1  USA Helicopter VIP transport 2 2
Unmanned aerial vehicle
CTRM Aludra[18] Mk.1 and Mk.2  Malaysia UAV Reconnaissance unknown unknown Coastal surveillance.
ScanEagle unknown  USA UAV Reconnaissance unknown unknown Coastal surveillance.
CTRM Eagle ARV unknown  Australia
 Malaysia 		UAV Reconnaissance unknown unknown

Former

Aircraft Image Type Variants Origin Quantity Notes
Fighter aircraft
CAC Sabre Fighter Sabre Mk. 32  USA
 Australia 		10 ex-RAAF aircraft delivered 1969 to 1972.
Douglas A-4 Skyhawk Attack aircraft A-4PTM
TA-4PTM 		 USA 40 United States Navy Surplus. Only 40 out of 80 were delivered.
Canadair CL-41 Tutor Ground-attack aircraft CL-41G Tebuan  Canada 20
Cargo/transport aircraft
Scottish Aviation Pioneer Light transport  UK unknown
Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer Light transport  UK unknown
De Havilland DHC-4 Caribou Medium transport DHC-4A  Canada unknown
Grumman HU-16 Albatross Utility HU-16B  USA unknown
Handley Page Dart Herald Transport  UK unknown
Hawker Siddeley HS125 VIP transport  UK unknown
De Havilland Heron VIP transport  UK unknown
De Havilland Dove VIP transport  UK unknown
Training aircraft
Percival Provost Trainer T51  UK unknown
Scottish Aviation Bulldog Trainer  UK unknown
Helicopters
Bell 47 Light observation helicopter Bell 47G  USA unknown
Westland Wasp Anti-submarine helicopter  UK unknown

Munitions

Aircraft missiles, rockets and bombs

Model Image Type Variants Origin Quantity Notes
Air-to-air missile (AAM)
AA-8 Aphid Short-range air-to-air missile R-60K  Soviet Union 100 Used by Mikoyan MiG-29.
AA-10 Alamo Medium-range air-to-air tactical missile R-27ET
R-27ER
R-27R
R-27T 		 Soviet Union 100 Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AA-11 Archer Short-range air-to-air missile R-73E  Soviet Union 100 Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AA-12 Adder Medium-range active-radar homing air-to-air missile RVV-AE  Russia 150 Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM.[19]
AIM-7 Sparrow Medium-range, semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile Standard  USA 776 Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
AIM-120 AMRAAM Medium-range, active radar homing air-to-air missile AIM-120C5
AIM-120C7 		 USA 126 Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
AIM-9 Sidewinder Short-range air-to-air missile AIM-9
AIM-9X
AIM-9 Block III 		 USA 148 Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet, Northrop F-5 and BAE Hawk 208.
Air-to-surface missile (ASM)
AS-14 Kedge Air-to-surface missile Kh-29TE
Kh-29L 		 Soviet Union 128 Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AS-13 Kingbolt Air-to-surface missile Kh-59ME  Soviet Union 120 Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AS-17 Krypton Air-to-surface missile Kh-31P
Kh-31A 		 Soviet Union 123 Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
AGM-65 Maverick Air-to-surface missile AGM-65E
AGM-65F 		 USA 120 Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet[20] and BAE Hawk 208.
Anti-ship missile (AShM)
AS-20 Kayak Anti-ship missile Kh-35E  Soviet Union 120 Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM.
Harpoon Anti-ship missile Block III  USA 38 Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
Rocket
CRV7 Ground attack rocket  Canada 28 Used by BAE Hawk 208 and attack helicopter.
General-purpose bomb
KAB-500L Laser-guided bomb KAB-500KR  Soviet Union 90 Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM.
KAB-1500L Laser guided bomb KAB-1500KR  Soviet Union 140 Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM.
Mark 82 Low-drag general purpose bomb Mark 82  USA 120 Used by BAE Hawk 208 and Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
GBU-12 Paveway II Laser guided bomb GBU-12  USA 189 Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
Joint Direct Attack Munition Low-drag general purpose bomb Mk84  USA 94 Used by BAE Hawk 208 and Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.[21]
Mk-20 Rockeye II Cluster bomb CBU-100  USA 100 Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.

Aircraft machine guns

Model Image Type Calibre Variants Origin Notes
Machine guns
Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-301 Automatic cannon 30×165mm GSh-301  Soviet Union Used by Sukhoi Su-30MKM and Mikoyan MiG-29.
M61 Vulcan Rotary cannon 20 × 102mm (0.787 inch) calibre Standard  USA Used by Boeing F/A-18 Hornet.
ADEN cannon Revolver cannon 30 × 113mm (1.1811 inch) calibre ADEN 25  UK Used by BAE Hawk 208.
M39 cannon Single-barrel autocannon 20 mm (0.787 in) × 102 mm M55A2  USA Used by Northrop F-5.

Weapons

Model Image Type Calibre Origin Variants Notes
Pistols
Glock Pistol 9×19mm Parabellum  Austria Glock 18C
Glock 19
Glock 34		 Standard service pistol.
Browning HP Pistol 9×19mm Parabellum  Belgium HP Mk.III
Sphinx Pistol 9×19mm Parabellum   Switzerland S3000 Used by PASKAU.
Shotguns
M870 Shotgun 12 gauge  USA M870
M870 MCS		 Modular combat shotgun.
M1014 Shotgun 12 gauge  Italy M1014
Mossberg Shotgun 12 gauge  USA 590A1
Submachine guns
Colt 9mm Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum  USA
MP5 Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum  Germany MP5A5
MP5-K
MP5K-A4
MP5SD6		 Used in night operations, close quarters, hostage rescue, and close protections.
MP9 Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum   Switzerland MP9
Rifles
M4 Carbine 5.56×45mm NATO  USA
 Malaysia		 M4
M4A1 SOPMOD		 Standard service rifle.
CAR-15 Carbine 5.56×45mm NATO  USA 653
SG 553 File:Swiss Arms SG 553 Left.jpg Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO   Switzerland SG-553LB
SG-553SB
Machine guns
Minimi Light machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  Belgium Minimi Mk.3 Belt-fed but can be used with STANAG magazines. Standard squad automatic weapon.
M249 SAW Light machine gun 5.56×45mm NATO  USA M249 Belt-fed but can be used with STANAG magazines.
Browning M2HB Heavy machine gun .50 BMG  USA M2A1
M2HB		 Mounted on vehicles or tripods.
M134 Gatling machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  USA M134D Mounted on S-70 Blackhawk helicopter.
Sniper rifles
M107 Anti-materiel rifle, Sniper rifle .50 BMG  USA M107
AW Sniper rifle/designated marksman rifle .308 Winchester  UK AW
DSR-1 Sniper rifle .308 Winchester  Germany DSR-1
R93 Sniper rifle .308 Winchester  Germany R93
PSG-1 Sharpshooter rifle 7.62×51mm NATO  Germany PSG-1A1
Grenade-based weapons
M203 Grenade launcher 40mm grenade  USA M203A1
M203A2		 Attached to M4.
M32 Grenade launcher 40mm grenade  South Africa M32 Six-shot revolver-type grenade launcher.
GL 5040 File:5130 026 40 mm Gewehraufsatz 97 zum Sturmgewehr 90.jpg Grenade launcher 40mm grenade   Switzerland GL 5040 Attached to SG 553.
M67 Fragmentation grenade  USA
M18 Smoke grenade  USA
M84 Flashbang  USA

Procurement

To boost Malaysia's security in eastern Sabah from the threats of militants from the southern Philippines as well as to dispose of older inventory, the Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAF) transferred four of its S-70A Black Hawk to the RMAF.[17][22] BAE Hawk 200 squadrons have been stationed in various bases across East Malaysia in order to launch air-to-ground operations and attacks against foreign militants attempting intrusion into Sabah.[23] In 2016, BAE Systems entered into a strategic partnership with a Malaysian aviation maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) centre AIROD to upgrade the avionic systems on the Malaysian BAE Hawk aircraft.[24] As part of the Malaysia's Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA) program, Malaysia is looking to replace its ageing MiG-29 and F-5 fighters which have long since passed retirement age.[25][26] Due to financial difficulties, the plan was postponed year after year. Announcement of the winner of the project, as well as purchasing of the new generation fighters will most likely occur between 2016-2020.[27] The major contenders of this project would be the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon, Saab JAS 39 Gripen, Sukhoi Su-30 and the Sukhoi Su-35.[27][28][29][30] While Malaysia's Aerospace Technology Systems Corp. (ATSC) has launched a bid to upgrade the ageing MiG-29 fighters,[31] Dassault Rafale has offering financial package with a ten-year repayment loan from a French commercial bank and guaranteed by the government of France to assist procurement of their fighter.[32] This offer was countered by BAE Systems' Eurofighter Typhoon and Saab JAS 39 Gripen which has offered competitive leasing deals instead.[25][33][34] EADS and BAE Systems has offered to set up joint venture companies for maintenance and repair of the aircraft if it is selected, along with competitive financial support extended by the UK government.[35] Beside promoting their jet fighters, Saab is pitching their airborne early warning and control aircraft, the Global Eye (Bombardier 6000) equipped with Erieye radar system and is looking for local partners in Malaysia for manufacturing and maintenance, repair and overhaul.[36] Russia is ready to offer their jet fighters to meet Malaysia’s requirements.[37] The Russian defence export corporation, Rosoboronexport which supplied the Royal Malaysian Air Force with Sukhoi Su-30MKM expressed its readiness to discuss the prospect of establishing joint and licensed production facilities in Malaysia.[38] The Russians have argued that despite some initial advantages especially in terms of meeting the high cost for maintenance, fuel, parts and insurance in the short term, the lessors the aircraft will require frequent checks to be assured that terms of the lease are upheld, and the aircraft will eventually have to be returned after the leasing period is up. As such, leasing fighter aircraft will have significant drawbacks in the defence of sovereignty of the nation.[30] Instead, the Russian offering their Sukhoi Su-35 at lower prices than their western rivals. However, according to reports by insider sources, the Malaysian Government has shortlisted the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Dassault Rafale instead.

In the late 2015, it was rumoured that Malaysia might purchase the Sino-Pakistani JF-17 Thunder,[39] but the report was denied by Malaysian Defence Minister and said they were still determining to choose.[40] It was believed that there was an immediate requirement for new fighters due to the increase of China's aggression in the South China Sea dispute.[41]

Attire

Current attire
Type Name Pattern Full pattern Notes
Harimau Belang Pattern 90 Airman Battle Uniform (ABU)
Harimau Gurun desert pattern It is a variant of Malay Tigerstripe Woodland pattern but with earth-brown stripes on a light green and sand-coloured background.
No.4 Digital Camouflage Pattern The Royal Malaysian Air Force (Template:Lang-ms) introduces the Uniform No. 4 with new digital camo pattern during 58th RMAF Anniversary Parade on June 1, 2016. The new woodland pattern is well known as No.4 Loreng Digital and used for field combat training, operations and marching.
Flight suit Pilots, air crews and missile crews wear olive green or desert tan one-piece flight suits made of Nomex for fire protection.
Field Service Uniform

Incidents and accidents

  • Since 1989, around 95 armed forces personnel (most of those are the RMAF) have been killed in 18 crashes involving the ageing type American-made Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King (Nuri) helicopter.[42] This led the RMAF to purchase the French-made EC725 helicopter to replace it. But with the nation having ordered only 12 of a planned 28 EC725 helicopters as replacements, the RMAF was forced to prolong the life of its Sikorskys.[14] On 21 October 2016, it was reported that a Canadian helicopter company Heli-One will upgrade all Malaysia's Nuri helicopter.[43]
  • In May 2008, two J85-GE-21 engines that power the Northrop F-5E Tiger II fighter jets belonging to the Royal Malaysian Air Force were reported missing, as of sometime in 2007, from an RMAF warehouse in Kuala Lumpur during Najib's tenure as Defence Minister in Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's cabinet. The jet engines belonged to the 12th Squadron (Scorpion) based in Butterworth. The issue became a matter of political dispute,[44] and it was reported a brigadier-general together with 40 other armed forces personnel had been sacked over the incident.[45] Further investigation led to the arrest of two RMAF personnel and a civilian contractor were charged in connection with the theft and disposal of both engines on 6 January 2010.[46] On 5 February 2010, Attorney-General Abdul Gani Patail revealed that the two missing engines had been found in Uruguay with the help of the Government of Uruguay and the Malaysian government is proceeding with the necessary measures to secure their return. Investigations showed that the engines were taken out of the RMAF base between 20 December 2007 to 1 January 2008 before being sent to a warehouse in Subang Jaya to be shipped out of Malaysia to South America.[47][48]
  • On 26 February 2016, the RMAF Indonesian made-CN-325-220M version were forced to make an emergency landing into mangrove swamps near Kuala Selangor due to engine failure.[11] The aircraft co-pilot sustained a broken left arm during the incident while the rest of the crew managed to escape without major injuries. A fisherman who trying to help the crews out of the aircraft were reported drowned after his foot got stuck in a mud. The black box from the aircraft was found on the next day and sent to Bandung, Indonesia for analysing by Indonesian manufacturer over the cause of the accident.[49]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Russia Starts Missiles Delivery for Su-30MKM Jets Designed for Malaysia". Sputnik News. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  2. ^ "Sukhoi, Malaysia Sign $100 Mln Deal on Fighters' Maintenance". Sputnik News. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  3. ^ Hafizahril Hamid (20 December 2015). "Evolusi F/A-18 Hornet" (in Malay). Utusan Malaysia. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "AMR AIR FORCE DIRECTORY 2013". Asian Military Review. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  5. ^ a b Craig Hoyle (22 October 2010). "Selex Galileo to protect Malaysia's Hawk fleet". Flightglobal. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  6. ^ Marhalim Abas (21 November 2014). "Sayonara F-5, It was Nice Knowing You". Malaysian Defence. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Hani Shamira Shahrudin (13 January 2016). "RMAF receives second A400M aircraft". New Straits Times. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  8. ^ Greg Waldron (17 April 2012). "Malaysia to receive first A400M in January 2015". Flightglobal. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  9. ^ Dzirhan Mahadzir (16 March 2015). "Malaysia expects first A400M to achieve IOC in mid-2015". IHS Jane's 360. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  10. ^ "Order of Battle - Malaysia". Military Aviation Press. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  11. ^ a b c Ridzwan Rahmat (25 February 2016). "Malaysian Air Force CN-235 crash lands near Kuala Selangor". IHS Jane's 360. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  12. ^ a b Marhalim Abas (3 December 2015). "RMAF's newest helicopter unveiled". Malaysian Defence. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  13. ^ "Gading Kasturi". Gading. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ a b c Craig Hoyle (22 January 2015). "Malaysia to upgrade and arm S-61 "Nuri" fleet". Flightglobal. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  15. ^ "Army gets first batch of Nuris". The Star. 21 March 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  16. ^ a b Marhalim Abas (23 January 2015). "RMAF getting Brunei Blackhawks". Malaysian Defence. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ a b Marcel Burger (23 January 2015). "Brunei gives four Black Hawks as present to Malaysia". AIRheads. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  18. ^ "ALUDRA MK1 (Alliance Unmanned Developmental Research Aircraft)". Unmanned Systems Technology Sdn Bhd (The ALUDRA MK1). Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  19. ^ "Russia Signs $35-Mln Missile Contract with Malaysia". Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  20. ^ "Malaysia asks for more F-18s". Flight International. 14–20 September 1994. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  21. ^ "SIPRI arms transfer database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 6 November 2013.
  22. ^ "Brunei transfers S-70A Blackhawks to Malaysian Armed Forces". Borneo Bulletin. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  23. ^ "New infantry battalion to boost RMAF presence in Labuan". Bernama. The Malay Mail. 3 March 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  24. ^ "BAE Systems and AIROD partner to upgrade RMAF Hawk Aircraft". airforce-technology.com. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.[unreliable source?]
  25. ^ a b "Saab Offers Lease Package For Gripen Jets". Bernama. Malaysian Digest. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  26. ^ Bradley Perrett (16 February 2016). "Malaysian Mig-29 and F-5 Decisions in 2016?". Aviation Week Network. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  27. ^ a b Bradley Perrett (23 March 2015). "Malaysia Expected To Order Fighters In 2016-20". Aviation Week Network. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  28. ^ Praveen Menon; Muralikumar Anantharaman (18 March 2015). "Boeing pins hopes on Malaysia order for boost to F/A-18 fighter jet". Reuters. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  29. ^ "Russian weapons still have high export potential in Malaysia". Rostec. 14 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  30. ^ a b "Why Russia's Su-35 must re-enter the Malaysian dogfight". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Big News Network. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  31. ^ Nigel Pittaway (28 March 2015). "Malaysian Company Proposes MiG-29 Upgrade". Defense News. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  32. ^ "Malaysia Offered Similar Financial Package As Egypt For Rafale Procurement". Bernama. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  33. ^ "BAE to offer Eurofighter lease to Malaysia". Australian Aviation. 23 February 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  34. ^ Jon Grevatt (19 April 2016). "Saab looks to Gripen lease to kickstart Malaysia's MRCA programme". IHS Jane’s 360. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  35. ^ Jon Grevatt (18 April 2016). "DSA 2016: BAE Systems outlines Typhoon offset package for Malaysia". IHS Jane’s 360. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  36. ^ Tim Fish (22 April 2016). "DSA 2016: Eyeing up Malaysia". Shephard. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  37. ^ "Russia's positions on Asia-Pacific arms market". Tass. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  38. ^ "Russian company ready to discuss joint and licensed production facilities in Malaysia". Bernama. The Sun. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  39. ^ Benjamin David Baker (23 December 2015). "The Sino-Pakistani JF-17 Might Have Another Buyer in Asia". The Diplomat. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  40. ^ Usman Ansari (22 December 2015). "Malaysia Denies Interest in JF-17, But Export Hopes Remain". Defense News. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  41. ^ "In China's shadow, Southeast Asia looks to replace ageing fighter jets". Reuters. The Star. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  42. ^ "Nuri's 18th Crash In 39 Years". Bernama. 17 July 2007. Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ Greg Waldron (21 October 2016). "Malaysia S-61 upgrade gathers pace". Flightglobal. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  44. ^ "Stolen engines case was covered up from the start". The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
  45. ^ "PM: Fighter jet engine reported stolen to cops". The Star. 12 December 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
  46. ^ "Two Malaysian Indians charged with aircraft engine theft". India: Deccan Herald. 6 January 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
  47. ^ "Missing jet engines found". The Star. 5 February 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  48. ^ A. Trucido Y R. Rossello. "El enigma de los motores de F-5 robados" (in Spanish). El Pais. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  49. ^ "RMAF to send flight recorder to Bandung for analysis by manufacturer". The Star. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
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