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This article is about the English newspaper. For the Tamil newspaper, see The Hindu (Tamil). For followers of Hinduism, see Hindu.

The Hindu
File:The Hindu logo.gif
The 16 March 2005 front page of The Hindu
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
Owner(s)The Hindu Group, and
Kasturi and Sons Limited
Founder(s)G. Subramania Iyer
PublisherN. Ram[1]
Editor-in-chiefN. Ravi
EditorMukund Padmanabhan[2][3]
Founded20 September 1878 (1878-09-20)
LanguageEnglish
HeadquartersChennai
Circulation1,261,658 Daily[4] (as of November 2015)
ISSN0971-751X
OCLC number13119119
Websitewww.thehindu.com

The Hindu is an English-language Indian daily newspaper. Headquartered at Chennai, The Hindu was published weekly when it was launched in 1878, and started publishing daily in 1889. It is the second most circulated English-language newspaper in India, with average qualifying sales of 1.39 million copies (as of December 2013).[4] According to the Indian Readership Survey in 2014, it was the third most widely read English newspaper in India (after the Times of India and Hindustan Times), with a readership of 1.6  million people.[6] The Hindu has its largest base of circulation in southern India, and is the most widely read English daily newspaper in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

The enterprise employed over 1,600 workers and annual turnover reached almost $200 million[7] in 2010. Subscription and advertisement are major sources of income. The Hindu became, in 1995, the first Indian newspaper to offer an online edition.[8] As of November 2015, it is published from 18 locations across nine states: Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Thiruvananthapuram, Vijayawada, Kolkata, Mumbai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Noida, Visakhapatnam, Kochi, Mangaluru, Tiruchirappalli, Hubballi, Mohali, Lucknow, Allahabad, Malappuram, and Mumbai.[9]

History

The Hindu was founded in Madras on 20 September 1878 as a weekly, by what was known then as the Triplicane Six consisting of 4 law students and 2 teachers:- T. T. Rangacharya, P. V. Rangacharya, D. Kesava Rao Pantulu and N. Subba Rao Pantulu, led by G. Subramania Iyer (a school teacher from Tanjore district) and M. Veeraraghavacharyar (a lecturer at Pachaiyappa's College).[10] Started in order to support the campaign of Sir T. Muthuswamy Iyer for a judgeship at the Madras High Court and to counter the propaganda against him carried out by the Anglo-Indian press, The Hindu was one of the many newspapers of the period established to protest the discriminatory policies of the British Raj. About 80 copies of the inaugural issue were printed at Srinidhi Press, Georgetown on one rupee and twelves annas of borrowed money. Subramania Iyer became the first editor and Veera Raghavacharya, the first managing director of the newspaper.

The paper initially printed from Srinidhi Press but later moved on Scottish Press, then, The Hindu Press, Mylapore, and finally to the National Press on Mount Road. Started as a weekly newspaper, the paper became a tri-weekly in 1883 and an evening daily in 1889. A single copy of the newspaper was priced at four annas. The offices moved to rented premises at 100 Mount Road on 3 December 1883. The newspaper started printing at its own press there, named "The National Press," which was established on borrowed capital as public subscriptions were not forthcoming. The building itself became The Hindu's in 1892, after the Maharaja of Vizianagaram, Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju, gave The National Press a loan both for the building and to carry out needed expansion.

The Hindu was initially liberal in its outlook and is now considered left leaning. Its editorial stances have earned it the nickname, the 'Maha Vishnu of Mount Road'.[11] "From the new address, 100 Mount Road, which was to remain The Hindu's home till 1939, there issued a quarto-size paper with a front-page full of advertisements—a practice that came to an end only in 1958 when it followed the lead of its idol, the pre-Thomson Times [London]—and three back pages also at the service of the advertiser. In between, there were more views than news."[12] After 1887, when the annual session of Indian National Congress was held in Madras, the paper's coverage of national news increased significantly, and led to the paper becoming an evening daily starting 1 April 1889.

The partnership between Veeraraghavachariar and Subramania Iyer was dissolved in October 1898. Iyer quit the paper and Veeraraghavachariar became the sole owner and appointed C. Karunakara Menon as editor. However, The Hindu's adventurousness began to decline in the 1900s and so did its circulation, which was down to 800 copies when the sole proprietor decided to sell out. The purchaser was The Hindu's Legal Adviser from 1895, S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar,[13] a politically ambitious lawyer who had migrated from a Kumbakonam village to practise in Coimbatore and from thence to Madras. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar's ancestors had served the courts of Vijayanagar and Mahratta Tanjore. He traded law, in which his success was middling but his interest minimal, for journalism, pursuing his penchant for politics honed in Coimbatore and by his association with the 'Egmore Group' led by C. Sankaran Nair and Dr T.M. Nair. Since then the newspaper has been owned entirely by the members of the Kasturi Ranga Iyengar family.

Modern history

In the late 1980s when its ownership passed into the hands of the family's younger members, a change[citation needed] in political leaning was observed. Worldpress.org lists The Hindu as a left-leaning independent newspaper.[14] Joint managing director N. Murali said in July 2003, "It is true that our readers have been complaining that some of our reports are partial and lack objectivity. But it also depends on reader beliefs."[15] N. Ram was appointed on 27 June 2003 as its editor-in-chief with a mandate to "improve the structures and other mechanisms to uphold and strengthen quality and objectivity in news reports and opinion pieces", authorised to "restructure the editorial framework and functions in line with the competitive environment".[16] On 3 and 23 September 2003, the reader's letters column carried responses from readers saying the editorial was biased.[17][18] An editorial in August 2003 observed that the newspaper was affected by the 'editorialising as news reporting' virus, and expressed a determination to buck the trend, restore the professionally sound lines of demarcation, and strengthen objectivity and factuality in its coverage.[19]

In 1987–88, The Hindu's coverage of the Bofors arms deal scandal, a series of document-backed exclusives, set the terms of the national political discourse on this subject.[citation needed] The Bofors scandal broke in April 1987 with Swedish Radio alleging that bribes had been paid to top Indian political leaders, officials and Army officers in return for the Swedish arms manufacturing company winning a hefty contract with the Government of India for the purchase of 155 mm howitzers. During a six-month period, the newspaper published scores of copies of original papers that documented the secret payments, amounting to $50 million, into Swiss bank accounts, the agreements behind the payments, communications relating to the payments and the crisis response, and other material. The investigation was led by a part-time correspondent of The Hindu, Chitra Subramaniam, reporting from Geneva, and was supported by Ram in Chennai. The scandal was a major embarrassment to the party in power at the centre, the Indian National Congress, and its leader Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. The paper's editorial accused the Prime Minister of being party to massive fraud and cover-up.[20]

In 1991, Deputy Editor N. Ravi, Ram's younger brother, replaced G. Kasturi as editor. Nirmala Lakshman, Kasturi Srinivasan's granddaughter and the first woman from the family to hold an editorial or managerial role, became Joint Editor of The Hindu and her sister, Malini Parthasarathy, Executive Editor.

In 2003, the Jayalalitha government of the state of Tamil Nadu, of which Chennai is the capital, filed cases against The Hindu for breach of privilege of the state legislative body. The move was perceived as a government's assault on freedom of the press. The paper garnered support from the journalistic community.[21]

On 21 July 2011, Siddharth Varadarajan, the national bureau chief of The Hindu, was appointed editor of The Hindu (made effective from 30 July 2011), a move that triggered the resignations of three members of the family from their senior editorial positions: N. Ravi resigned as editor, Malini Parthasarathy as executive editor and Nirmala Lakshman as the joint editor. A fourth member of the family, N. Murali, announced his retirement on attaining the age of 65 on 11 August 2011. They remain on the board of directors. Varadarajan was named by N. Ram, the editor-in-chief to succeed him.[22]

On 2 April 2013 The Hindu started "The Hindu in School" with S. Shivakumar as editor. This is a new edition for young readers, to be distributed through schools as part of The Hindu's "Newspaper in Education" programme. It covers the day's important news developments, features, sports, and regional news.[23] On 16 September 2013, The Hindu group launched its Tamil edition with K. Ashokan as editor.[24]

On 21 October 2013, changes have been made in Editorial as well as business of The Hindu [25] N.Ravi has taken over as Editor-in-chief of The Hindu and Malini Parthasarathy as Editor of The Hindu. In a consequence, Siddarth Varadarajan has submitted his resignation. N. Ram has become Chairman of Kasturi & Sons Limited and Publisher of The Hindu and Group publications; and N. Murali, Co-Chairman of the company.

During the 2015 South Indian floods, for the first time since its founding in 1878, the newspaper did not publish a print edition in Chennai market on 2 December, as workers were unable to reach the press building.[26]

On 5 January 2016, Malini Parthasarathy, the Editor of the newspaper, resigned with immediate effect. It was reported by the media that she resigned her post, citing "general dissatisfaction" with her performance.[27][27][28] However, she continues to be a Wholetime Director of Kasturi & Sons Ltd.[28]

The newspaper has foreign bureaus in eleven locations – Islamabad, Colombo, Dhaka, Kathmandu, Beijing, Moscow, Paris, Dubai, Washington DC, London, and most recently Addis Ababa.[29]

Management

The Hindu is family-run. It was headed by G. Kasturi from 1965 to 1991, N. Ravi from 1991 to 2003, and by his brother, N. Ram, from 27 June 2003 to 18 January 2012. Other family members, including Nirmala Lakshman, Malini Parthasarathy, Nalini Krishnan, N Murali, K Balaji, K Venugopal and Ramesh Rangarajan are directors of The Hindu and its parent company, Kasturi and Sons. S Rangarajan, former managing director and chairman since April 2006, died on 8 February 2007. Ananth Krishnan, who is the first member of the youngest generation of the family to join the business worked as a special correspondent in Chennai and Mumbai from 2007, and foreign correspondent in Beijing from 2009. It now conducts very popular "The Hindu Young World Quiz', hosted by noted quizmaster V.V. Ramanan, that has now completed 12 years and is arguably the largest live, middle-school quiz competition.

Managing-directors

A close up view of the entrance to Kasturi Buildings, the head office of The Hindu

Editors

Board of directors

The Hindu Group is managed by the descendants of Kasturi Ranga Iyengar. As of 2010, there are 12 directors in the board of Kasturi & Sons—N. Ram, N. Ravi and N. Murali (sons of G. Narasimhan); Nirmala Lakshman, Nalini Krishnan and Malini Parthasarathy (daughters of S. Parthasarathy); Ramesh Rangarajan, Vijaya Arun and Akila Iyengar (children of S. Rangarajan); K. Balaji, K. Venugopal and Lakshmi Srinath (children of G. Kasturi).[33]

Online presence

The Hindu was the first newspaper in India to have a website, launched in 1995.

On 15 August 2009, the 130-year-old newspaper, launched the beta version of its redesigned website at beta.thehindu.com. This was the first redesign of its website since its launch. On 24 June 2010 the beta version of the website went fully live at www.thehindu.com.[34]

The design is by Mario Garcia Jr., of Garcia Media, Tampa, Florida, USA. The workflow solution is by CCI Europe A/S, Denmark. The web publishing system is from Escenic A/S, Norway. The implementation was done in-house.

Reviews

In 1965, The Times listed The Hindu as one of the world's ten best newspapers. Discussing each of its choices in separate articles, The Times wrote: "The Hindu takes the general seriousness to lengths of severity... published in Madras, [it] is the only newspaper which in spite of being published only in a provincial capital is regularly and attentively read in Delhi. It is read not only as a distant and authoritative voice on national affairs but as an expression of the most liberal—and least provincial—southern attitudes... Its Delhi Bureau gives it outstanding political and economic dispatches and it carries regular and frequent reports from all state capitals, so giving more news from states, other than its own, than most newspapers in India... It might fairly be described as a national voice with a southern accent. The Hindu can claim to be the most respected paper in India."[20]

In 1968, the American Newspaper Publishers' Association awarded The Hindu its World Press Achievement Award. An extract from the citation reads: "Throughout nearly a century of its publication The Hindu has exerted wide influence not only in Madras but throughout India. Conservative in both tone and appearance, it has wide appeal to the English-speaking segment of the population and wide readership among government officials and business leaders... The Hindu has provided its readers a broad and balanced news coverage, enterprising reporting and a sober and thoughtful comment... [It] has provided its country a model of journalistic excellence... [It] has fought for a greater measure of humanity for India and its people... [and] has not confined itself to a narrow chauvinism. Its Correspondents stationed in the major capitals of the world furnish The Hindu with world-wide news coverage... For its championing of reason over emotion, for its dedication to principle even in the face of criticism and popular disapproval, for its confidence in the future, it has earned the respect of its community, its country, and the world."[20]

Bias allegations

Headquarters of The Hindu in Anna Salai, Chennai

The Hindu has been accused of left-wing bias with its articles and editorials.[35][36][37] N. Ram, the current chairman of Kasturi & Sons Limited, and the publisher of The Hindu, was the vice-president of the Students' Federation of India, the students wing of the CPI(M).[38]

The Hindu has also been accused of pro-Sinhalese bias in its writing by many advocates for the rights of Sri Lankan Tamils.[39] Prominent Sri Lankan political commentator David Jeyaraj claimed he was fired from The Hindu for exposing IPKF atrocities against the Sri Lankan Tamils.[40] N.Ram was awarded the "Sri Lanka Rathna", the highest civilian award that can be conferred on a foreigner in Sri Lanka in November 2005.

In light of opinion pieces published by the former editor of The Hindu, N. Ram, extolling China's governance of Tibet[41] and other perceived slights, many commentators, have claimed a Sinophilic bias in the writings of the paper. B. Raman director of the South Asia Analysis Group stated "Its sympathy for China and its policy in recent years of keeping out of its columns any report or article of a negative nature on China is well known." and went on to further claim that "its policy of placing its columns at the disposal of the Xinhua news agency of China" make it a mouthpiece of the Chinese government.[42]

In his letter to his colleagues, N Ravi (Editor) says, "Ram seems bent on taking all the editorial directors into retirement with him with a scorched earth policy to ensure that no one in the family succeeds him".[citation needed]

See also

Citations

  1. ^ "Changes at the Helm: Editorial and Business". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  2. ^ a b http://www.thehindu.com/news/mukund-padmanabhan-is-editor-of-the-hindu-raghavan-srinivasan-becomes-business-line-editor/article8390017.ece?homepage=true
  3. ^ http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/5ge1KciEGzmAGmKoRDKtmO/The-Hindu-appoints-Mukund-Padmanabhan-as-editorinchief.html
  4. ^ a b "Submission of circulation figures for the audit period July - December 2015" (PDF). Audit Bureau of Circulations. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  5. ^ "thehindu.com Site Info". Alexa Internet. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  6. ^ "Indian Readership Survey 2014" (PDF). Indian Readership Survey. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  7. ^ Gross revenue 788 crore in 2010
  8. ^ N. Murali (13 September 2003). "Core values and high quality standards". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 April 2006.
  9. ^ [1]
  10. ^ "The Hindu board room becomes a battlefield". Forbes India. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2014. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Kuthoosi Gurusamy obituary
  12. ^ S. Muthiah (13 September 2003). "Willing to strike and not reluctant to wound". Retrieved 25 April 2006.
  13. ^ http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&rdurl=fl2020/stories/20031010005512800.htm
  14. ^ Worldpress.org, the directory of online Indian newspapers and magazines lists The Hindu as "Left-leaning, independent", and its biweekly sister publication Frontline as "Independent biweekly".
  15. ^ Venkatachari Jagannathan (1 June 2003). "Change of guard". Retrieved 20 April 2006.
  16. ^ "The job of a reporter is to write news, not to comment". 11 November 2005. Retrieved 20 April 2006. An interview with N. Ram, editor-in-chief of The Hindu
  17. ^ "Opinion – Letters to the Editor". 3 September 2003. Retrieved 20 April 2006.
  18. ^ "Opinion – Letters to the Editor". 23 September 2003. Retrieved 20 April 2006.
  19. ^ "The Hindu". The Hindu. 27 August 2003. Retrieved 20 April 2006.
  20. ^ a b c "Developing a paper for a new reader". The Hindu. 13 September 2003. Archived from the original on 24 November 2004. Retrieved 20 April 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Onkar Singh (8 November 2003). "Journalists protest TN assembly's arrest of scribes". Retrieved 20 April 2006.
  22. ^ Letter from N. Ravi, Editor, on the recent happenings in The Hindu. The Hoot, 20 April 2011
  23. ^ Thomas, Liffy (2 April 2012). "The Hindu goes to school". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  24. ^ [2]
  25. ^ a b "Changes at the Helm: Editorial and Business". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 21 October 2013.
  26. ^ "Chennai floods: The Hindu not published for first time since 1878". BBC News. 2 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  27. ^ a b http://scroll.in/article/801411/malini-parthasarathy-steps-down-as-editor-of-the-hindu-saying-she-has-been-harshly-judged
  28. ^ a b c http://www.thehindu.com/news/resignation-of-editor-interim-arrangements-in-place/article8069501.ece?homepage=true
  29. ^ "The Hindu returns to Africa". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  30. ^ "N. Ram to step down as editor-in-chief of The Hindu". Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  31. ^ https://twitter.com/svaradarajan/status/392258645586493440
  32. ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/change-at-the-helm-at-the-hindu/article6805809.ece
  33. ^ Shukla, Archna (25 March 2010). "Battle for control breaks out in The Hindu very divided family". The Indian Express. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
  34. ^ "Our new website goes fully live on 29 June". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 23 June 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
  35. ^ Buncombe, Andrew (7 November 2013). "The family feud which is gripping India". The Independent. London. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  36. ^ Lahiri, Tripthi (26 April 2011). "A Family Feud at the Venerable Hindu". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  37. ^ Chowdhury, Chandrahas (1 February 2012). "India's Top Newspapers Battle for Readers' Hearts and Souls". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  38. ^ Sridhar, V. (2000). "Towards a progressive educational agenda". Frontline. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  39. ^ Attack on media: freedom, arrogance and playing with the will of people TamilNet, 16 October 2008
  40. ^ About – David Jeyaraj
  41. ^ Tibet in the time of high economic growth The Hindu, 3 July 2007
  42. ^ CHINA: As Seen & Interpreted by The Hindu South Asia Analysis Group, 17 August 2009 Archived 2010-06-13 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

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