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| birth_place = [[Saint John, New Brunswick]], Canada
| birth_place = [[Saint John, New Brunswick]], Canada
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2024|6|20|1935|7|17}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2024|6|20|1935|7|17}}
| death_place = [[Miami, Florida]], United States
| death_place = [[Miami, Florida]], U.S.
| years_active = 1957–2024
| years_active = 1957–2024
| occupation = Actor
| occupation = Actor

Revision as of 19:26, 20 June 2024

For other people named Donald Sutherland, see Donald Sutherland (disambiguation).

Donald Sutherland
CC
Sutherland in 1981
Born
Donald McNichol Sutherland

(1935-07-17)17 July 1935
Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
Died20 June 2024(2024-06-20) (aged 88)
Miami, Florida, U.S.
Alma mater
OccupationActor
Years active1957–2024
Spouses
Lois Hardwick
​
​
(m. 1959; div. 1966)​
​
​
(m. 1966; div. 1970)​
​
(m. 1972)​
Children5, including Kiefer, Rossif and Angus
RelativesSarah Sutherland (granddaughter)
AwardsFull list

Donald McNichol Sutherland CC (17 July 1935 – 20 June 2024) was a Canadian actor. In a film career spanning over seven decades, Sutherland received numerous accolades, including a Primetime Emmy Award, and two Golden Globe Awards. He is cited as one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination,[1][2][3] but received an Academy Honorary Award in 2017.[4]

Sutherland rose to fame after starring in films such as The Dirty Dozen (1967), M*A*S*H (1970), and Kelly's Heroes (1970). He subsequently starred in many films both in leading and supporting roles, including Klute (1971), Don't Look Now (1973), The Day of the Locust (1975), Fellini's Casanova (1976), The Eagle Has Landed (1976), 1900 (1976), Animal House (1978), Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), Ordinary People (1980), Eye of the Needle (1981), A Dry White Season (1989), Backdraft (1991), JFK (1991), Six Degrees of Separation (1993), Without Limits (1998), The Italian Job (2003), and Pride & Prejudice (2005). More recently, Sutherland portrayed President Snow in The Hunger Games franchise.

Sutherland also received accolades for his television roles. For his portrayal of Colonel Mikhail Fetisov in Citizen X (1995) he received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie. He played Adam Czerniaków in Uprising (2001), and Clark Clifford in Path to War (2002) earning the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film.

Sutherland received various honours including inductions into the Canadian Walk of Fame in 2000 and the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2011. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada (OC) in 1978, a Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2012 and received the Companion of the Order of Canada (CC) in 2019. He was the father of actors Kiefer Sutherland, Rossif Sutherland, and Angus Sutherland. In October 2023, Canada Post issued a stamp in his honour, commemorating his career as one of Canada's most respected and versatile actors.[5]

Early life and education

Sutherland was born 17 July 1935 at the Saint John General Hospital in Saint John, New Brunswick,[6][7] the son of Dorothy Isobel (née McNichol; 1892–1956) and Frederick McLea Sutherland (1894–1983), who worked in sales and ran the local gas, electricity and bus company.[8] He was of Scottish, German and English ancestry.[9] As a child, he had rheumatic fever, hepatitis, and poliomyelitis.[10] Sutherland and his family lived in a farmhouse in Lakeside, New Brunswick, before moving to Bridgewater, Nova Scotia at the age of 12,[6] where he spent his teenage years.[10] He obtained his first part-time job, at the age of 14, as a news correspondent for local radio station CKBW.[11]

Sutherland graduated from Bridgewater High School. He then studied at Victoria University, an affiliated college of the University of Toronto, where he met his first wife Lois May Hardwick (not to be confused with the child star Lois Ann Hardwick), and graduated with a double major in engineering and drama. He had at one point been a member of the "UC Follies" comedy troupe in Toronto. He changed his mind about becoming an engineer, and left Canada for Britain in 1957,[12] studying at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.[13]

Career

1960–1968: Early work and breakthrough

After departing the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA), Sutherland spent a year and a half at the Perth Repertory Theatre in Scotland.[14] In the early-to-mid-1960s, Sutherland began to gain small roles in British films and TV (such as a hotel receptionist in The Sentimental Agent episode "A Very Desirable Plot" (1963)). He was featured alongside Christopher Lee in horror films such as Castle of the Living Dead (1964) and Dr. Terror's House of Horrors (1965). He also had a supporting role in the Hammer Films production Die! Die! My Darling! (1965), with Tallulah Bankhead and Stefanie Powers. In the same year, he appeared in the Cold War classic The Bedford Incident and in the TV series Gideon's Way, in the 1966 episode "The Millionaire's Daughter". In 1966, Sutherland appeared in the BBC TV play Lee Oswald – Assassin, playing a friend of Lee Harvey Oswald, Charles Givens (even though Givens himself was an African American). He also appeared in the TV series The Saint, in the 1965 episode "The Happy Suicide".

In 1967, he appeared in "The Superlative Seven", an episode of The Avengers. In 1966 he also made a second, and more substantial appearance in The Saint (S5,E14). The episode, "Escape Route", which was directed by the show's star, Roger Moore, who later recalled Sutherland "asked me if he could show it to some producers as he was up for an important role... they came to view a rough cut and he got The Dirty Dozen."[15] The film, which starred Lee Marvin, Charles Bronson, and a number of other popular actors, was the 5th highest-grossing film of 1967 and MGM's highest-grossing movie of the year.[16] In 1968, after the breakthrough in the UK-filmed The Dirty Dozen, Sutherland left London for Hollywood.[12]

1970–1979: Stardom and acclaim

The 1973 thriller Don't Look Now was shot in Venice. Both Sutherland and co-star Julie Christie were praised for their performances.

Sutherland then appeared in two war films, playing the lead role as "Hawkeye" Pierce in Robert Altman's MASH in 1970; and, again in 1970, as hippie tank commander "Oddball" in Kelly's Heroes; his health was threatened by spinal meningitis contracted during its filming.[17] Sutherland starred with Gene Wilder in the 1970 comedy Start the Revolution Without Me. During the filming of the Academy Award-winning detective thriller Klute (1971), Sutherland had an intimate relationship with co-star Jane Fonda.[18] Sutherland and Fonda went on to co-produce and star together in the anti–Vietnam War documentary F.T.A. (1972), consisting of a series of sketches performed outside army bases in the Pacific Rim and interviews with American troops who were then on active service. As a follow-up to their appearance in Klute, Sutherland and Fonda performed together in Steelyard Blues (1973), a "freewheeling, Age-of-Aquarius, romp-and-roll caper" from the writer David S. Ward.[19]

Blanche Baker and Sutherland during Lolita rehearsal in 1980

Sutherland found himself as a leading man throughout the 1970s in films such as the Venice-based psychological horror film Don't Look Now (1973), co-starring Julie Christie, a role which saw him nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor, the war film The Eagle Has Landed (1976), Federico Fellini's Casanova (1976) and the thriller Eye of the Needle (which was filmed on location on the Isle of Mull, West Scotland) and as the health inspector in the science fiction/horror film Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978) alongside Brooke Adams and Jeff Goldblum. He helped launch the internationally popular Canadian television series Witness to Yesterday, with a performance as the Montreal doctor Norman Bethune, a physician and humanitarian, largely talking of Bethune's experiences in revolutionary China.[20] Sutherland also had a role as pot-smoking Professor Dave Jennings in National Lampoon's Animal House in 1978, making himself known to younger fans as a result of the movie's popularity. When cast, he was offered either $40,000 up front or two percent of the movie's gross earnings. Thinking the movie would certainly not be a big success, he chose the upfront payment.[21] The movie eventually grossed $141.6 million.[22] Also, in 1978 Sutherland starred in the heist comedy film The First Great Train Robbery, alongside Sean Connery, which achieved a great reception and financial success. He won acclaim for his performance in the Italian director Bernardo Bertolucci's 1976 epic film 1900 and as the conflicted father in the Academy Award-winning family drama Ordinary People (1980), alongside Mary Tyler Moore and Timothy Hutton. In 1981, he narrated A War Story, an Anne Wheeler film. He played the role of physician-hero Norman Bethune in Bethune (1977) and Bethune: The Making of a Hero (1990). In 1983, he co-starred with Teri Garr and Tuesday Weld in an adaptation of John Steinbeck's The Winter of Our Discontent.

1980–2009: Established actor

Some of Sutherland's better known roles in the 1980s and 1990s were in the apartheid drama A Dry White Season (1989), alongside Marlon Brando and Susan Sarandon; as a sadistic warden in Lock Up (1989) with Sylvester Stallone; as an incarcerated pyromaniac in the firefighter thriller Backdraft (1991) alongside Kurt Russell and Robert De Niro, as the humanitarian doctor-activist Norman Bethune in 1990's Bethune: The Making of a Hero, and as a snobbish New York City art dealer in Six Degrees of Separation (1993), with Stockard Channing and Will Smith.

Sutherland in 1981

In the 1991 Oliver Stone film JFK, he played a mysterious Washington intelligence officer, reputed to have been L. Fletcher Prouty, who spoke of links to the military–industrial complex in the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy.[23] He played psychiatrist and visionary Wilhelm Reich in the video for Kate Bush's 1985 single, "Cloudbusting". In 1992, he played the role of Merrick in the movie Buffy the Vampire Slayer, with Kristy Swanson. In 1994, he played the head of a government agency hunting for aliens who take over people's bodies (a premise similar to Invasion of the Body Snatchers) in the movie of Robert A. Heinlein's 1951 book The Puppet Masters. In 1994, Sutherland played a software company's scheming CEO in Barry Levinson's drama Disclosure opposite Michael Douglas and Demi Moore, in 1994 he played a KGB officer in the video game Conspiracy, and in 1995 was cast as Maj. Gen. Donald McClintock in Wolfgang Petersen's Outbreak. He was later cast in 1996 (for only the second time) with his son Kiefer in Joel Schumacher's A Time to Kill. Sutherland played famous American Civil War General P.G.T. Beauregard in the 1999 film The Hunley.[24]

Several notable Canadians, including Sutherland (right front), carrying the Olympic flag at the 2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Vancouver

He played an astronaut in Space Cowboys (2000), with co-stars Clint Eastwood, Tommy Lee Jones and James Garner. Sutherland was a model for Chris Claremont and John Byrne to create Donald Pierce, the Marvel Comics character whose last name comes from Sutherland's character in the 1970 film M*A*S*H, Hawkeye Pierce. In more recent years, Sutherland was known for his role as Reverend Monroe in the Civil War drama Cold Mountain (2003), in the drama thriller Baltic Storm (2003), in the remake of The Italian Job (2003), in the TV series Commander in Chief (2005–2006), in the movie Fierce People (2005) with Diane Lane and Anton Yelchin, and as Mr. Bennet in Pride & Prejudice (2005), starring alongside Keira Knightley. He also played a minor role in Mike Binder's Reign Over Me (2007). Sutherland starred as Tripp Darling in the prime time drama series Dirty Sexy Money for ABC. He played multi-millionaire Nigel Honeycut in the 2008 film Fool's Gold. His distinctive voice was also used in many radio and television commercials, including those for Delta Air Lines, Volvo automobiles, and Simply Orange orange juice.[citation needed]

2010–2024: The Hunger Games and final roles

Sutherland provided voice-overs and narration during the intro of the first semifinal of Eurovision Song Contest 2009, and the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, and was also one of the Olympic flag bearers. He was also narrator of CTV's "I Believe" television ads in the lead up to the Games. During the games, Sutherland attended some of the events.[citation needed] In 2010, he starred alongside an ensemble cast in a TV adaptation of Ken Follett's novel The Pillars of the Earth (2010).[25]

Sutherland in 2011

Beginning in 2012, Sutherland portrayed President Snow, the main antagonist of The Hunger Games film franchise, in The Hunger Games (2012), The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013), The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 (2014), and Part 2 (2015). His role was well received by fans and critics. On 26 March 2012, he was a guest on the Opie and Anthony radio show where he mentioned he had been offered the lead roles in Deliverance and Straw Dogs, although turned down both offers because he did not want to appear in violent films at the time. The role in Deliverance went to Jon Voight and the role in Straw Dogs to Dustin Hoffman, and both films enjoyed critical and box office success. After declining these violent roles, he quipped: "and then I played a fascist in 1900 by Bernardo Bertolucci." The television program Crossing Lines premiered on 23 June 2013, on the US NBC network.[26] Sutherland, who played the Chief Prosecutor for the International Criminal Court named Michel Dorn, was one of only two actors to appear in all episodes across three seasons.[27]

In 2016, he was a member of the main competition jury of the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.[28]. On 6 September 2017, it was announced Sutherland, along with 3 other recipients, would receive an Honorary Oscar, from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, "for a lifetime of indelible characters, rendered with unwavering truthfulness." This was Sutherland's first Academy Award in six decades.[29] In 2018, Sutherland portrayed oil tycoon J. Paul Getty in the FX historical drama series Trust.[30] In 2020, he appeared in the HBO limited series The Undoing (2020) alongside Hugh Grant and Nicole Kidman. Sutherland plays the role of Mr. Harrigan in the 2022 Netflix film Mr. Harrigan's Phone written and directed by John Lee Hancock, based on the novella of the same name from the book If It Bleeds by Stephen King.[31]

Personal life

Marriages and family

Sutherland in 2013

Sutherland was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on 18 December 1978[32] and promoted to Companion of the Order of Canada in 2019.[33] He was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2000.[34] He maintained a home in Georgeville, Quebec.[35]

Sutherland married three times. His first marriage, to Lois May Hardwick,[36] lasted from 1959 to 1966. His second marriage, which lasted from 1966 to 1970, was to Shirley Douglas, daughter of Canadian social democratic politician and the "father" of Canada's universal healthcare system, Tommy Douglas.[37] Sutherland and Douglas had two children, twins Kiefer and Rachel. From 1970 to 1972, he had an affair with married Klute co-star Jane Fonda.[38]

Sutherland married French Canadian actress Francine Racette in 1972, after meeting her on the set of the Canadian pioneer drama Alien Thunder. They had three sons – Rossif Sutherland, Angus Redford Sutherland, and Roeg Sutherland[37] – all of whom were named after directors Sutherland had worked with. Kiefer is named after American-born director and writer Warren Kiefer, who, under the assumed name of Lorenzo Sabatini,[39] directed Sutherland in his first feature film, the Italian low-budget horror film Il castello dei morti vivi (Castle of the Living Dead); Roeg is named after director Nicolas Roeg; Rossif is named after French director Frédéric Rossif; and Angus Redford has his middle name after Robert Redford.[37]

Politics

Sutherland became a blogger for the American news website The Huffington Post during the 2008 United States presidential election campaign.[40] In his blogs, he stated his support for Barack Obama.[41] Documents declassified in 2017 show that Sutherland was on the National Security Agency watchlist between 1971 and 1973 at the request of the Central Intelligence Agency because of his anti-war activities.[42]

Death

Sutherland died on 20 June 2024 in Miami at the age of 88 following a long illness.[43][44]

Acting credit and accolades

Main article: Donald Sutherland filmography
Year Association Award Project Result Ref.
1970 Golden Globe Award Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy M*A*S*H Nominated
1973 BAFTA Award Best Actor Steelyard Blues Nominated
1980 Golden Globe Award Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama Ordinary People Nominated
1998 Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture Without Limits Nominated
National Society of Film Critics Best Supporting Actor 2nd Place
1995 Primetime Emmy Award Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Citizen X Won
Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor - Television Won
2002 Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor - Television Path to War Won
2005 Chicago Film Critics Association Best Supporting Actor Pride and Prejudice Nominated
2005 Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor - Television Commander in Chief Nominated
2005 Primetime Emmy Award Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Human Trafficking Nominated
Golden Globe Award Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film Nominated
2007 Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor - Television Dirty Sexy Money Nominated
2020 Critics' Choice Television Award Best Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie The Undoing Won
Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor - Television Nominated
2017 Academy Award Honorary Academy Award Won [45]

Honours

Sutherland's star on Canada's Walk of Fame

References

  1. ^ Singler, Leigh (19 February 2009). "Oscars: the best actors never to have been nominated". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  2. ^ Kiang, Jessica (1 January 2016). "30 Great Actors Who've Never Been Oscar Nominated". Indiewire. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  3. ^ Robey, Tim (1 February 2016). "20 great actors who've never been nominated for an Oscar". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  4. ^ "The Academy to honor Charles Burnett, Owen Roizman, Donald Sutherland and Agnès Varda with Oscars at 2017 Governors Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 6 September 2017. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
  5. ^ "Film star Donald Sutherland depicted in profile on new Canadian stamp". The Globe and Mail. The Canadian Press. 19 October 2023. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Donald Sutherland honoured in his hometown of Saint John". CTV Atlantic. 22 November 2017. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  7. ^ Chase, W.D.R.; Chase, H.M. (1994). Chase's Annual Events. Contemporary Books. ISBN 9780809237326. ISSN 0740-5286. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  8. ^ "Donald Sutherland Biography". Movies.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  9. ^ Buckley, Tom (17 October 1980). "At the Movies". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  10. ^ a b Thomas, Bob (14 October 1989). "Sutherland gets a 'kick-start' for his soul". Gainesville Sun. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  11. ^ Schulman, Michael (5 February 2018). "Road Trip with Donald Sutherland and Helen Mirren". The New Yorker. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  12. ^ a b Sutherland in TV interview during the shooting of The Eagle Has Landed (on the DVD): "I was in England from 1957 until 1968." [Checked 17 June 2012.]
  13. ^ "Obituary: Donald Sutherland". BBC. 20 June 2024. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  14. ^ The Courier & Advertiser, Dundee, 23 November 2013.
  15. ^ MM. "Episode #85 – 5–14". Home.arcor.de. Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  16. ^ "The Dirty Dozen, Box Office Information". The Numbers. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  17. ^ Adams, Thelma (11 November 2015). "'Hunger Games' Antihero Donald Sutherland on the Finale—and Snow's Love for Katniss". Observer. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023. In 1968 [sic], while shooting Kelly's Heroes in Yugoslavia opposite Clint Eastwood, he "contracted spinal meningitis. They didn't have the antibiotics and I died. I saw the blue tunnel and, like, crap, if you're ever with anyone who is in a coma, talk to them. They can hear you. I could hear everything. I heard them making my funeral arrangements."
  18. ^ Cousins, Mark (19 March 2001). "Donald Sutherland – Jane Fonda, "Klute", and "Don't Look Now". BBC. Archived from the original on 30 November 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  19. ^ Big Rental Films of 1973", Variety, 9 January 1974 p 60
  20. ^ "Donald Sutherland as Norman Bethune". CBC. 25 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  21. ^ Pallotta, Frank. "The Huge 'Animal House' Blunder That Cost Donald Sutherland Millions". Business Insider. Insider. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  22. ^ "National Lampoon's Animal House". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  23. ^ L. Fletcher Prouty JFK, p. xiv, Citadel Press, 1996 ISBN 978-0-8065-1772-8
  24. ^ Fries, Laura (7 July 1999). "The Hunley". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  25. ^ MacDonald, Gayle (21 July 2010). "Old and young in Pillars of the Earth". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  26. ^ Percival, Daniel (23 June 2013), Pilot: Part 1, archived from the original on 1 September 2023, retrieved 13 November 2016
  27. ^ Crossing Lines, 23 June 2013, archived from the original on 17 December 2016, retrieved 13 November 2016
  28. ^ Rhonda Richford (25 April 2016). "Cannes Film Festival Unveils Full Jury". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  29. ^ Barnes, Brooks (6 September 2017). "Charles Burnett and Donald Sutherland Among 4 to Receive Honorary Oscars". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  30. ^ Wollaston, Sam (2018-09-12). "Trust review: Danny Boyle's Getty drama looks lavish but lacks depth". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2024-06-20. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
  31. ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (1 October 2021). "'Mr. Harrigan's Phone': Donald Sutherland & Jaeden Martell To Star In Netflix Blumhouse Movie – BlumFest". Deadline. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  32. ^ Order of Canada citation
  33. ^ General, Office of the Secretary to the Governor (20 June 2019). "Governor General Announces 83 New Appointments to the Order of Canada". The Governor General of Canada. Archived from the original on 28 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  34. ^ Canada's Walk of Fame: Donald Sutherland, actor Archived 30 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine, canadaswalkoffame.com; accessed 15 June 2014.
  35. ^ Berkovich, John (16 September 2003). "Get rid of the Montreal Expos". Buzzle. Archived from the original on 4 November 2004. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  36. ^ "Obituary: Lois Sutherland, 1936-2010" (PDF). The Archer. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2011.
  37. ^ a b c The Observer Archived 2017-01-29 at the Wayback Machine, 30 March 2008: On the money – interview with Donald Sutherland; retrieved 16 June 2012.
  38. ^ World Entertainment News Network (14 March 2001). "Donald Sutherland's Love For Jane Fonda". www.cinema.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  39. ^ Off Screen Volume 15, Issue 12, 31 December 2011: Warren Kiefer – The Man Who Wasn’t There Archived 17 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 16 June 2012.
  40. ^ huffingtonpost.com Archived 2008-06-01 at the Wayback Machine, blog entries by Donald Sutherland
  41. ^ Sutherland, Donald (10 July 2008). "Obama for President". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  42. ^ "National Security Agency Tracking of U.S. Citizens – "Questionable Practices" from 1960s & 1970s". National Security Archive. 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  43. ^ Pedersen, Erik (2024-06-20). "Donald Sutherland Dies: Revered Actor In 'Klute', 'Ordinary People', 'Hunger Games' & Scores Of Others Was 88". Deadline. Archived from the original on 2024-06-20. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  44. ^ Coyle, Jake (2024-06-20). "Donald Sutherland, the towering actor whose career spanned 'M.A.S.H.' to 'Hunger Games,' dies at 88". CP24. Archived from the original on 2024-06-20. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
  45. ^ "Academy Announces Honorary Oscars, Reflecting Diversity: Agnes Varda, Charles Burnett, and More". IndieWire. 6 September 2017. Archived from the original on October 20, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  46. ^ "Donald Sutherland biography". Governor General's Performing Arts Awards Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  47. ^ "Rudolph Giuliani to deliver Middlebury College commencement address May 22". BBC. 10 March 2005. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  48. ^ "Hollywood Chamber of Commerce". Hollywoodchamber.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  49. ^ "Governor General to Invest 39 Recipients into the Order of Canada During a Ceremony at Rideau Hall" (Press release). Rideau Hall Press Office. 18 November 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
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