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== Anthem of the Republic of Belarus == |
== Anthem of the Republic of Belarus == |
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The only legal mention of the national anthem before 2002 is in the [[Constitution of Belarus|Constitution of the Republic of Belarus]]. Section One, Article 19 of the constitution states that |
The only legal mention of the national anthem before 2002 is in the [[Constitution of Belarus|Constitution of the Republic of Belarus]]. Section One, Article 19 of the constitution states that "The symbols of the Republic of Belarus as a sovereign state shall be its national [[flag]], national [[emblem]] and national anthem." While the constitution only mentioned the use of the flag, anthem and arms as national symbols, each symbol had to be defined by law.<ref name="s1">{{cite web |url=http://www.president.gov.by/en/press19329.html |title=Constitution of Belarus, Section 1 |accessdate=2008-02-26 |publisher=Press Service of the President of the Republic of Belarus }}</ref> A law introducing an anthem was not enacted until Presidential Decree 350 took effect, on [[July 18]], [[2002]], the day before Belarus's independence day. The decree's main objective was to establish lyrics for the anthem and introduce musical notation along with the new lyrics. Moreover, the decree designated when, where, and how the anthem was to be performed.<ref name='decree'> {{cite web|url=http://www.president.gov.by/press15629.html |title=Указ № 350 ад 2 лiпеня 2002 г. |accessdate=2008-02-06 |date=2002-07-02 |language=Belarusian }}</ref> |
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Before issuing the decree, [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] listened to five possible candidates for the national anthem. Three out of the five candidates, including the one ultimately chosen, used the music composed by Sakalouski and began their lyrics with the line ''My Belarusy''.<ref>http://wikisource.org/wiki/2002_My_Belarusy_lyrics_contest {{be icon}}/{{en icon}}</ref> According to the newspaper ''[[Soviet Byelorussia]]'', President Lukashenko decided on the anthem on [[June 12]], [[2002]] and chose to have its first performance on [[July 3]], Belarusian independence day, the anniversary of the date in 1944 when the [[Wehrmacht]] was driven away from Minsk by the [[Red Army]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Людмила | last=МАСЛЮКОВА | coauthors= | title=Конкурс гимна: решающее мнение | date=2002-07-12 | publisher= | url =http://www.sb.by/article.php?articleID=17696 | work =Советская Белоруссия | pages = | accessdate = 2008-02-12 | language = Russian }}</ref> However, the first performance actually took place on [[July 2]] at a concert organized by the government as part of the Belarusian independence festivities. |
Before issuing the decree, [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] listened to five possible candidates for the national anthem. Three out of the five candidates, including the one ultimately chosen, used the music composed by Sakalouski and began their lyrics with the line ''My Belarusy''.<ref>http://wikisource.org/wiki/2002_My_Belarusy_lyrics_contest {{be icon}}/{{en icon}}</ref> According to the newspaper ''[[Soviet Byelorussia]]'', President Lukashenko decided on the anthem on [[June 12]], [[2002]] and chose to have its first performance on [[July 3]], Belarusian independence day, the anniversary of the date in 1944 when the [[Wehrmacht]] was driven away from Minsk by the [[Red Army]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Людмила | last=МАСЛЮКОВА | coauthors= | title=Конкурс гимна: решающее мнение | date=2002-07-12 | publisher= | url =http://www.sb.by/article.php?articleID=17696 | work =Советская Белоруссия | pages = | accessdate = 2008-02-12 | language = Russian }}</ref> However, the first performance actually took place on [[July 2]] at a concert organized by the government as part of the Belarusian independence festivities. |
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=== Reaction === |
=== Reaction === |
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The organization [[Freedom House]] commented on the adoption of the anthem in a report about the country, published in 2003. On page 125 of the "Country Report of Belarus", Freedom House says that President Lukashenko has |
The organization [[Freedom House]] commented on the adoption of the anthem in a report about the country, published in 2003. On page 125 of the "Country Report of Belarus", Freedom House says that President Lukashenko has "reintroduced the state symbols used by the old Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 2002, the president approved a streamlined version of the Soviet-era anthem "My Belarusy" ("We Belarusians"), as the country's new national anthem." The report also mentioned President Lukashenko's ban of the symbols that were used since Belarus's independence in 1991, such as the [[Pahonia]] arms and the white, red, white flag, which Lukashenko claims are associated with [[fascism]].<ref> {{cite web|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN012373.pdf |title=Country Report of Belarus |accessdate=2008-02-23 |date=2003 |format=PDF |work=Nations in Transit |publisher=Freedom House }}</ref> In 2003, Dr. Taras Kuzio wrote in [[Radio Free Europe]] that President Lukashenko "is the quintessential Soviet Belarusian patriot who presides over a regime steeped in Soviet nostalgia." Kuzio said that the motives of [[Russia]] and Belarus in re-adopting Soviet-era symbols are part of restoring that nostalgia.<ref>{{cite news | first=Taras | last=Kuzio | title=Attitudes to Soviet past reflect nostalgia, pragmatism | date=2003-08-13 | publisher=[[Radio Free Europe]] | url =http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/08/5-NOT/not-130803.asp | accessdate = 2008-02-12 | language = }}</ref> |
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=== Regulations === |
=== Regulations === |
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Revision as of 21:04, 26 February 2008
My Belarusy (Belarusian: Мы, беларусы, Russian: Мы, белорусы, "We Belarusians") is the unofficial title of the national anthem of Belarus and the first line of its lyrics. Officially, My Belarusy is titled "the National Anthem of the Republic of Belarus" (Belarusian: Дзяржаўны гімн Рэспублікі Беларусь, Russian: Государственный гимн Республики Беларусь). The anthem was originally written and adopted in 1955 for use in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. The music of the Byelorussian SSR anthem was composed by Nyestar Sakalowski and the lyrics were written by Maxim Klimkovich. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the music composed by Sakalowski was kept and the lyrics were discarded. New lyrics, which were written by Klimkovich and Uladzimir Karyzny, were adopted by a presidential decree issued on July 2, 2002.
Anthem of the Byelorussian SSR
My Belarusy was originally used as the anthem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Belarusian: гімн Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка, Russian: гимн Белорусской Советской Социалистической Республики) starting from February 24, 1955. The original anthem was composed by Sakalowski and the lyrics were written by Maxim Klimkovich. It was presented in front of a jury in 1944, but it took 11 years of modifications before it was officially adopted.[1] Soon after Belarus became an independent country, the national anthem was modified to drop the Communist-era lyrics. An attempt was made in 1995 to adopt Natalla Arsiennieva's poem O God Almighty as the national anthem, but the suggestion was not acted on even though it was supported by a parliamentary committee.[2]
Anthem of the Republic of Belarus
The only legal mention of the national anthem before 2002 is in the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus. Section One, Article 19 of the constitution states that "The symbols of the Republic of Belarus as a sovereign state shall be its national flag, national emblem and national anthem." While the constitution only mentioned the use of the flag, anthem and arms as national symbols, each symbol had to be defined by law.[3] A law introducing an anthem was not enacted until Presidential Decree 350 took effect, on July 18, 2002, the day before Belarus's independence day. The decree's main objective was to establish lyrics for the anthem and introduce musical notation along with the new lyrics. Moreover, the decree designated when, where, and how the anthem was to be performed.[4]
Before issuing the decree, President Alexander Lukashenko listened to five possible candidates for the national anthem. Three out of the five candidates, including the one ultimately chosen, used the music composed by Sakalouski and began their lyrics with the line My Belarusy.[5] According to the newspaper Soviet Byelorussia, President Lukashenko decided on the anthem on June 12, 2002 and chose to have its first performance on July 3, Belarusian independence day, the anniversary of the date in 1944 when the Wehrmacht was driven away from Minsk by the Red Army.[6] However, the first performance actually took place on July 2 at a concert organized by the government as part of the Belarusian independence festivities.
Belarus did not have an anthem before one was adopted in the Soviet-era. When Lukashenko issued his decree selecting a new national anthem, only slight changes were made to the Soviet-era hymn. While the references to Russia, the Communist Party and Lenin were replaced; the overall theme of "friendship of peoples" and the original music composed by Sakalouski were preserved. The government decided to keep Sakalouski's music out of historical tradition and for its musical quality "posed to anthems".[7] After the national anthem was adopted, the process of adopting national symbols was completed.[7]
Reaction
The organization Freedom House commented on the adoption of the anthem in a report about the country, published in 2003. On page 125 of the "Country Report of Belarus", Freedom House says that President Lukashenko has "reintroduced the state symbols used by the old Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 2002, the president approved a streamlined version of the Soviet-era anthem "My Belarusy" ("We Belarusians"), as the country's new national anthem." The report also mentioned President Lukashenko's ban of the symbols that were used since Belarus's independence in 1991, such as the Pahonia arms and the white, red, white flag, which Lukashenko claims are associated with fascism.[8] In 2003, Dr. Taras Kuzio wrote in Radio Free Europe that President Lukashenko "is the quintessential Soviet Belarusian patriot who presides over a regime steeped in Soviet nostalgia." Kuzio said that the motives of Russia and Belarus in re-adopting Soviet-era symbols are part of restoring that nostalgia.[9]
Regulations
The anthem must be performed in accordance with the lyrics and sheet music established by law. Every day, state-owned Belarusian television and radio stations are required to play the national anthem upon signing on at 6 a.m. and again upon signing off (usually around midnight). The anthem can also be performed on certain occasions, such as at government meetings, before sporting events and presidential inaugurations. While the anthem is being performed, citizens are required to stand at attention and those in military or police uniform must salute.[10]
Other songs
A favorite in the anthem competition was the poem called "Young Belarus" (Маладая Беларусь) by Janka Kupala. However, the poem was never set to a musical composition so Young Belarus could not be selected as the anthem.[11]
Belarus and Russia have been working towards a closer relationship with each other, resulting in the proposed Union of Russia and Belarus. While Belarus and Russia will be able to keep their own symbols, a song called "Sovereign Union of Nations" (Belarusian: Дзяржаўны саюз народаў, Russian: Державный союз народов, Derzhavny soyuz narodov) has been proposed as the Union's unofficial anthem. The song, which was modified from the National Anthem of the Soviet Union, refers to a wider union of the two nations.[12]
Some Belarusian emigrants use Vajacki marš and Mahutny Boža as their anthem. "Vajacki Marš" was the official anthem of the Belarusian National Republic,[13] a state that was created in 1918 but lasted only 10 months,[14] during the German occupation of Belarus in World War I. Mahutny Boža is a religious hymn, but is now used as a song by those who oppose the Lukashenko Government.[13]
Official lyrics
| Belarusian | Belarusian Latin alphabet | English translation[15] |
|---|---|---|
|
Мы, беларусы - мірныя людзі, Прыпеў: Разам з братамі мужна вякамі Прыпеў Дружба народаў - сіла народаў - Прыпеў |
My, Biełarusy – mirnyja ludzi, Chorus: Razam z bratami mužna viakami Chorus Družba narodaŭ – siła narodaŭ – Chorus |
We, Belarusians, are peaceful people, Refrain Together with our brothers, for centuries we Refrain Peoples’ friendship is peoples’ strength and Refrain |
Anthem of the Byelorussian SSR
For comparison, below is a part of the Anthem of the Byelorussian SSR.
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Belarusian lyrics: Мы, беларусы, з братняю Руссю
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My, bielarusy, z bratniaju Ruśsiu
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English translation: We, the Belarusians, together with fraternal Rus',
|
Media
Template:Multi-listen start Template:Multi-listen item Template:Multi-listen item Template:Multi-listen end
Sheet music
-
Vocal, page one -
Vocal, page two -
Instrumental, page one -
Instrumental, page two
References
- ^ СКАЛАБАН, Виталий (2001-01-09). "Когда авторы будут вскрыты..." Беларусь Сегодня (in Russian). Советская Белоруссия. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "The National Anthem of Belarus". A Belarus Miscellany. 2005. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ "Constitution of Belarus, Section 1". Press Service of the President of the Republic of Belarus. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
- ^ "Указ № 350 ад 2 лiпеня 2002 г." (in Belarusian). 2002-07-02. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- ^ http://wikisource.org/wiki/2002_My_Belarusy_lyrics_contest Template:Be icon/Template:En icon
- ^ МАСЛЮКОВА, Людмила (2002-07-12). "Конкурс гимна: решающее мнение". Советская Белоруссия (in Russian). Retrieved 2008-02-12.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b "State System — State Symbols". President of the Republic of Belarus. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- ^ "Country Report of Belarus" (PDF). Nations in Transit. Freedom House. 2003. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ Kuzio, Taras (2003-08-13). "Attitudes to Soviet past reflect nostalgia, pragmatism". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
- ^ Law of the Republic of Belarus. On National Symbols of the Republic of Belarus. Passed July 5, 2004. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- ^ "Belarus — The National Anthem". 1997. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
- ^ "ДЕРЖАВНЫЙ СОЮЗ НАРОДОВ" (in Russian). 2003. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
- ^ a b "National anthems of Great Litva". Heraldica Litvaniae. 2003. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- ^ Birgerson, Susanne Michele (2002). After the Breakup of a Multi-Ethnic Empire. Praeger/Greenwood. p. 101. ISBN 0275969657.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "National Symbols, Anthem". Belarusian-Chinese Committee on Trade and Economic Cooperation. 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
External links
- President of the Republic of Belarus - Official website of the anthem.
- President of Belarus Decree 350.
- Soviet Byelorussia article.
- Recordings of the Belarusian anthem
| Official | ||
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| Unofficial | ||
| Songs | ||
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| Landmarks | ||
