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{{infobox UK place|
|official_name= Camberwell
|country = England
|region= London
|population=
|constituency_westminster= [[Camberwell and Peckham (UK Parliament constituency)|Camberwell and Peckham]]
|constituency_westminster1= [[Dulwich and West Norwood (UK Parliament constituency)|Dulwich and West Norwood]]
|post_town= LONDON
|postcode_area= SE
|postcode_district= SE5
|london_borough= Southwark
|dial_code= 020
|os_grid_reference= TQ325767
|latitude= 51.4736
|longitude= -0.0912
}}
'''Camberwell''' is a district of [[London]], [[England]] and forms part of the [[London Borough of Southwark]].<ref name=southwark>Southwark London Borough Council - [http://www.southwark.gov.uk/YourCommunity/Camberwell/ Community guide for Camberwell]</ref> It is a built-up inner city district located {{convert|2.7|mi|km|1}} south east of [[Charing Cross]]. To the west it has a boundary with the [[London Borough of Lambeth]].

==Etymology==
Camberwell appears in [[Domesday Book]] as ''Cambrewelle''.<ref name=mills>Mills, A., ''Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names'', (2001)</ref> The name might derive from the [[Old English language|old English]] Cumberwell or Comberwell, meaning Welsh well. Springs and wells are known to have existed on the southern slope of [[Denmark Hill]], especially around Grove Park. Alternatively, the name Camberwell may have come from the Saxon language, meaning Cripple Well, which developed as a hamlet where people from the [[City of London]] were expelled when they had life threatening [[diseases]] like [[leprosy]], for treatment by the church and the clean waters from the wells. The Parish Church is dedicated to St Giles, patron Saint of cripples.

==History==
It was already a substantial settlement with a church when mentioned in the [[Domesday Book]], and was the parish church for a large area including [[Dulwich]] and [[Peckham]]. It was held by Haimo the Sheriff (of Kent). Its domesday assets were: 6 [[hide (unit)|hide]]s and 1 [[virgate]]; 1 church, 8 [[plough]]s, {{convert|63|acre|m2}} of [[meadow]], [[woodland]] worth 60 [[hog (swine)|hog]]s. It rendered £14.
[[Image:CamberwellPalace.jpg|thumb|upright|left|A c. 1900 poster for the Camberwell Palace]]
Up to the mid-nineteenth century, Camberwell was visited by Londoners for its rural tranquillity and the reputed healing properties of its mineral springs. Like much of inner South London, Camberwell was transformed by the arrival of the railways in the 1860s.

''Camberwell St Giles'' formed an ancient, and later civil, parish in the [[Brixton (hundred)|Brixton]] hundred of [[Surrey]].<ref name=vision_parish>Vision of Britain - [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10128742&c_id=10001043 Camberwell parish] ([http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/bound_map_page.jsp?first=true&u_id=10128742&c_id=10001043 historic map])</ref> The parish covered {{convert|4570|acre|km2}} in 1831 and included [[Peckham]] to the east and [[Dulwich]] to the south. The width of the parish tapered in the south to form a point at [[Crystal Palace, London|Crystal Palace]].<ref name=vision_parish/> In 1801 the population was 7,059 and by 1851 this had risen to 54,667.<ref>Vision of Britain - [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_theme_page.jsp?u_id=10128742&c_id=10001043&data_theme=T_POP Camberwell population]</ref> In 1829 it was included in the [[Metropolitan Police District]] and in 1855 it was included in the area of responsibility of the [[Metropolitan Board of Works]], with Camberwell Vestry nominating one member to the board. In 1889 the board was replaced by the [[London County Council]] and Camberwell was removed from Surrey, to form part of the [[County of London]]. In 1900 the area of the Camberwell parish became the [[Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell]].<ref>Vision of Britain - [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10108032&c_id=10001043 Camberwell MB] ([http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/bound_map_page.jsp?first=true&u_id=10108032&c_id=10001043 historic map])</ref> In 1965 the metropolitan borough was abolished and its former area became the southern part of the London Borough of Southwark in [[Greater London]].

[[Image:CambCamberwellParishBoundaryMarker.jpg|thumbnail|right|<small>Boundary marker for Camberwell Parish on Gipsy Hill, now partially buried by later layers of pavement.</small>|100px]]
Early [[music hall]]s in Camberwell were in the back hall of [[public house]]s. One, the "Father Redcap" (1853) still stands by [[Camberwell Green]], but internally, much altered. In 1896, the [[Dan Leno]] company opened the "Oriental Palace of Varieties", on [[Denmark Hill]]. This successful venture was soon replaced with a new theatre, designed by Ernest A. E. Woodrow and with a capacity of 1,553, in 1899, named the "Camberwell Palace". This was further expanded by architect Lewen Sharp in 1908.<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41455 ''Shaftesbury Avenue'', Survey of London: volumes 31 and 32: St James Westminster, Part 2 (1963), pp. 68-84] accessed: [[12 June]] [[2008]]</ref> By 1912, the theatre was showing films as a part of the [[variety theatre|variety programme]] and became an [[Associated British Cinemas|ABC cinema]] in September 1932 &ndash; known simply as "The Palace Cinema". It reopened as a variety theatre in 1943, but closed on [[28 April]] [[1956]] and was demolished.<ref>[http://cinematreasures.org/theater/18126/ ''Camberwell Palace Theatre''] (Cinema Treasures) accessed [[12 June]] [[2008]]</ref> The 1957 film ''[[The Smallest Show on Earth]]''<ref>{{imdb title|title=The Smallest Show on Earth (1957)|id=0050985}}</ref> tells the tale of a struggling family-run suburban cinema, is thought to be based on the Palace. Nearby, marked by Orpheus Street, was the "Metropole Theatre and Opera House", presenting transfers of [[West End theatre|West End shows]]. This was demolished to build an [[Odeon Cinemas|Odeon cinema]] in 1939. The cinema seated 2,470, and has since been demolished.<ref>[http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/Camberwell.htm ''Camberwell Halls and Entertainment''] (Arthur Lloyd Theatre History) accessed: [[12 June]] [[2008]]</ref>

==Today==
[[Image:Camberwell Green.jpg|thumb|Camberwell Green]]
[[Image:Camberwell station building.jpg|thumb|Camberwell railway station on Camberwell Station Road, closed in 1916]]
[[Image:Camberwell art college 1.jpg|thumb|Camberwell College of Arts. (October 2005)]]
[[Image:Camberwellpool.jpg|thumb|Camberwell Leisure Centre]]
[[Image:Nymphalis antiopa.JPG|thumb|Camberwell Beauty butterfly]]
Camberwell today is a mixture of relatively well preserved [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] and twentieth century housing, including a number of [[tower block]]s. Camberwell Grove and Grove Lane have some of London's most elegant and well preserved Georgian houses.

The crossroads at the centre of Camberwell is the site of [[Camberwell Green]], a very small area of common land which was once a traditional village green on which was held an annual fair of ancient origin which rivalled that of [[Greenwich]]. An extensive range of bus routes have stops at Camberwell Green (see the link to the bus spider map below for details).
The Salvation Army's [[William Booth]] Memorial Training College, designed by [[Giles Gilbert Scott]], was completed in 1932: it towers over South London from [[Denmark Hill]]. It has a similar monumental impressiveness to Gilbert Scott's other local buildings, [[Battersea Power Station]] and the [[Tate Modern]], although its simplicity is partly the result of repeated budget cuts during its construction: much more detail, including carved Gothic stonework surrounding the windows, was originally planned.

Camberwell is home to one of London's largest teaching hospitals, [[King's College Hospital]] with associated medical school the Guy’s King’s and St Thomas’ (GKT) School of Medicine. The [[Maudsley Hospital]], an internationally significant psychiatric hospital, is also located in Camberwell along with the [[Institute of Psychiatry]]. As well as the significant [[Camberwell College of Arts]] Camberwell is home to several art galleries including the [[South London Gallery]] and numerous smaller commercial art spaces. The annual Camberwell Arts Festival is well supported.

The town is referenced in the film ''[[Withnail and I]]'' &mdash; "[[Camberwell carrot]]" is the name of the enormous [[Joint (cannabis)|spliff]] rolled using 12 rolling papers, by Danny the dealer<ref>{{imdb title|id=0094336|title=Withnail and I (1986)}}</ref>. His explanation for the name is that "I invented it in Camberwell and it looks like a [[carrot]]".

==Transport==

Camberwell is connected to central London by [[A215 road|Camberwell Road]] in the north and [[Camberwell New Road]] in the west. It is very well served by bus routes: its location means that it is easy to travel into central London with journey times of 12-20 minutes, though often much longer in the rush hour.

Camberwell had been served by three railway stations until the First World War, [[Camberwell Gate railway station|Camberwell Gate]], [[Camberwell New Road railway station|Camberwell New Road]] and [[Denmark Hill railway station|Denmark Hill]]. Like many less well used stations in inner London, ''Camberwell Gate'' and ''Camberwell New Road'' were closed in 1916 'temporarily' because of war shortages and were never reopened.

London Underground have planned a [[Bakerloo line extension to Camberwell]] on at least three occasions since the 1930s, and this is again said to be under consideration.<ref>''[http://icsouthlondon.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0300southwark/tm_objectid=16685898&method=full&siteid=50100&headline=tube-line--may-extend-south-within-20-years--name_page.html Tube line 'may extend south within 20 years']''</ref>

Nearest railway stations:
* [[Loughborough Junction railway station]]
* [[Denmark Hill railway station]]

==Demography==

The local ethnic mix includes a large proportion of people of [[Caribbean]] and [[African]] descent. The area is also popular with art students, as it is home to the [[Camberwell College of Arts]] (part of the [[University of the Arts London]] - formerly the London Institute) on Peckham Road. [[Goldsmiths, University of London|Goldsmiths College]] is found in nearby New Cross with many students living in Camberwell. [[King's College London]] (part of the [[University of London]]) also has a hall of residence (King's College Hall) on nearby Champion Hill. Camberwell has a thriving gay community{{Fact|date=February 2009}}.

==People from Camberwell==
{{main|List of people from Southwark}}

==Camberwell Beauty==

The [[Camberwell Beauty]] is a butterfly (Nymphalis antiopa) which is rarely found in the UK - it is so named because two examples were first identified on [[Coldharbour Lane]], Camberwell in 1748.

==Nearest places==
* [[Brixton]]
* [[Peckham]]
* [[Walworth, London|Walworth]]
* [[Elephant & Castle]]
* [[Herne Hill]]



==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* http://www.zimbio.com/Lewisham/articles/552/CAMBERWELL+GREEN+MAYORAL+MAKEOVER
* http://www.london.gov.uk/parksvote/region/southeast/camberwellgreen.jsp
* [http://www.camberwellarts.org.uk Camberwell Arts]
* [http://www.camberwell.arts.ac.uk/ Camberwell College of Arts]
* [http://www.camberwellsociety.org.uk Camberwell Society]
* [http://www.minet.fsnet.co.uk/index.html Minet Conservation Association]
* [http://www.kch.nhs.uk King's College Hospital Foundation Trust]
* [http://www.slam.nhs.uk/ South London and Maudsley NHS Trust]
* [http://www.gaycamberwell.com/ Gay Camberwell]
* [http://www.se5forum.org/ SE5 Forum, a community group]
* [http://www.camberwellonline.co.uk/ The CamberwellOnline blog]
* [http://www.camberwellenvironment.blogspot.com/ Camberwell Environment]
* [http://www.chris-page.org.uk/ Cllr Chris Page, Labour Councillor for Camberwell Green]
* [http://www.johnfriary.blogspot.com/ Cllr John Friary, Labour Councillor for Camberwell Green]

{{LB Southwark}}
{{London Districts}}

[[Category:London Borough of Southwark]]
[[Category:Districts of London]]

[[de:Camberwell]]
[[fr:Camberwell]]
[[hi:केम्बरवेल]]
[[nl:Camberwell]]
[[no:Camberwell]]
[[zh:坎伯韦尔]]

Revision as of 07:09, 3 March 2009

For other uses, see Camberwell (disambiguation).
Camberwell
OS grid referenceTQ325767
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLONDON
Postcode districtSE5
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London

Camberwell is a district of London, England and forms part of the London Borough of Southwark.[1] It is a built-up inner city district located 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south east of Charing Cross. To the west it has a boundary with the London Borough of Lambeth.

Etymology

Camberwell appears in Domesday Book as Cambrewelle.[2] The name might derive from the old English Cumberwell or Comberwell, meaning Welsh well. Springs and wells are known to have existed on the southern slope of Denmark Hill, especially around Grove Park. Alternatively, the name Camberwell may have come from the Saxon language, meaning Cripple Well, which developed as a hamlet where people from the City of London were expelled when they had life threatening diseases like leprosy, for treatment by the church and the clean waters from the wells. The Parish Church is dedicated to St Giles, patron Saint of cripples.

History

It was already a substantial settlement with a church when mentioned in the Domesday Book, and was the parish church for a large area including Dulwich and Peckham. It was held by Haimo the Sheriff (of Kent). Its domesday assets were: 6 hides and 1 virgate; 1 church, 8 ploughs, 63 acres (250,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 60 hogs. It rendered £14.

A c. 1900 poster for the Camberwell Palace

Up to the mid-nineteenth century, Camberwell was visited by Londoners for its rural tranquillity and the reputed healing properties of its mineral springs. Like much of inner South London, Camberwell was transformed by the arrival of the railways in the 1860s.

Camberwell St Giles formed an ancient, and later civil, parish in the Brixton hundred of Surrey.[3] The parish covered 4,570 acres (18.5 km2) in 1831 and included Peckham to the east and Dulwich to the south. The width of the parish tapered in the south to form a point at Crystal Palace.[3] In 1801 the population was 7,059 and by 1851 this had risen to 54,667.[4] In 1829 it was included in the Metropolitan Police District and in 1855 it was included in the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works, with Camberwell Vestry nominating one member to the board. In 1889 the board was replaced by the London County Council and Camberwell was removed from Surrey, to form part of the County of London. In 1900 the area of the Camberwell parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell.[5] In 1965 the metropolitan borough was abolished and its former area became the southern part of the London Borough of Southwark in Greater London.

Boundary marker for Camberwell Parish on Gipsy Hill, now partially buried by later layers of pavement.

Early music halls in Camberwell were in the back hall of public houses. One, the "Father Redcap" (1853) still stands by Camberwell Green, but internally, much altered. In 1896, the Dan Leno company opened the "Oriental Palace of Varieties", on Denmark Hill. This successful venture was soon replaced with a new theatre, designed by Ernest A. E. Woodrow and with a capacity of 1,553, in 1899, named the "Camberwell Palace". This was further expanded by architect Lewen Sharp in 1908.[6] By 1912, the theatre was showing films as a part of the variety programme and became an ABC cinema in September 1932 – known simply as "The Palace Cinema". It reopened as a variety theatre in 1943, but closed on 28 April 1956 and was demolished.[7] The 1957 film The Smallest Show on Earth[8] tells the tale of a struggling family-run suburban cinema, is thought to be based on the Palace. Nearby, marked by Orpheus Street, was the "Metropole Theatre and Opera House", presenting transfers of West End shows. This was demolished to build an Odeon cinema in 1939. The cinema seated 2,470, and has since been demolished.[9]

Today

Camberwell Green
Camberwell railway station on Camberwell Station Road, closed in 1916
Camberwell College of Arts. (October 2005)
Camberwell Leisure Centre
Camberwell Beauty butterfly

Camberwell today is a mixture of relatively well preserved Georgian and twentieth century housing, including a number of tower blocks. Camberwell Grove and Grove Lane have some of London's most elegant and well preserved Georgian houses.

The crossroads at the centre of Camberwell is the site of Camberwell Green, a very small area of common land which was once a traditional village green on which was held an annual fair of ancient origin which rivalled that of Greenwich. An extensive range of bus routes have stops at Camberwell Green (see the link to the bus spider map below for details). The Salvation Army's William Booth Memorial Training College, designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, was completed in 1932: it towers over South London from Denmark Hill. It has a similar monumental impressiveness to Gilbert Scott's other local buildings, Battersea Power Station and the Tate Modern, although its simplicity is partly the result of repeated budget cuts during its construction: much more detail, including carved Gothic stonework surrounding the windows, was originally planned.

Camberwell is home to one of London's largest teaching hospitals, King's College Hospital with associated medical school the Guy’s King’s and St Thomas’ (GKT) School of Medicine. The Maudsley Hospital, an internationally significant psychiatric hospital, is also located in Camberwell along with the Institute of Psychiatry. As well as the significant Camberwell College of Arts Camberwell is home to several art galleries including the South London Gallery and numerous smaller commercial art spaces. The annual Camberwell Arts Festival is well supported.

The town is referenced in the film Withnail and I — "Camberwell carrot" is the name of the enormous spliff rolled using 12 rolling papers, by Danny the dealer[10]. His explanation for the name is that "I invented it in Camberwell and it looks like a carrot".

Transport

Camberwell is connected to central London by Camberwell Road in the north and Camberwell New Road in the west. It is very well served by bus routes: its location means that it is easy to travel into central London with journey times of 12-20 minutes, though often much longer in the rush hour.

Camberwell had been served by three railway stations until the First World War, Camberwell Gate, Camberwell New Road and Denmark Hill. Like many less well used stations in inner London, Camberwell Gate and Camberwell New Road were closed in 1916 'temporarily' because of war shortages and were never reopened.

London Underground have planned a Bakerloo line extension to Camberwell on at least three occasions since the 1930s, and this is again said to be under consideration.[11]

Nearest railway stations:

Demography

The local ethnic mix includes a large proportion of people of Caribbean and African descent. The area is also popular with art students, as it is home to the Camberwell College of Arts (part of the University of the Arts London - formerly the London Institute) on Peckham Road. Goldsmiths College is found in nearby New Cross with many students living in Camberwell. King's College London (part of the University of London) also has a hall of residence (King's College Hall) on nearby Champion Hill. Camberwell has a thriving gay community[citation needed].

People from Camberwell

Main article: List of people from Southwark

Camberwell Beauty

The Camberwell Beauty is a butterfly (Nymphalis antiopa) which is rarely found in the UK - it is so named because two examples were first identified on Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell in 1748.

Nearest places


References

  1. ^ Southwark London Borough Council - Community guide for Camberwell
  2. ^ Mills, A., Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names, (2001)
  3. ^ a b Vision of Britain - Camberwell parish (historic map)
  4. ^ Vision of Britain - Camberwell population
  5. ^ Vision of Britain - Camberwell MB (historic map)
  6. ^ Shaftesbury Avenue, Survey of London: volumes 31 and 32: St James Westminster, Part 2 (1963), pp. 68-84 accessed: 12 June 2008
  7. ^ Camberwell Palace Theatre (Cinema Treasures) accessed 12 June 2008
  8. ^ The Smallest Show on Earth (1957) at IMDb
  9. ^ Camberwell Halls and Entertainment (Arthur Lloyd Theatre History) accessed: 12 June 2008
  10. ^ Withnail and I (1986) at IMDb
  11. ^ Tube line 'may extend south within 20 years'
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