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{{refimprove|date=March 2011}}


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[[Image:Romania Graiuri.jpg|thumb|340px|Major varieties (''graiuri'') of the Romanian and Vlach languages{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}<br />Blue: Southern varieties<br />Red: Northern varieties]]
[[Image:Romania Graiuri.jpg|thumb|340px|Major varieties (''graiuri'') of the [[Romanian language]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}<br />Blue: Southern varieties<br />Red: Northern varieties]]
'''Vlach''', '''''[[Romanian language|Romanian]]''''',<ref name="bbc.co.uk">http://www.bbc.co.uk/romanian/news/story/2007/08/070817_vlahi_serbia_minoritate.shtml</ref> or '''Timok Romanian''' ([[wiktionary:autoglossonym|autoglossonym]]: ''limba română'',<ref>Website of the [http://www.timoc.org/onamarom.htm Federaţia Rumânilor din Serbie]</ref> meaning "language of Romans", ''rumâneşte / rumâneşce'', {{lang-ro|Româna timoceană}}; {{lang-sr|Влашки / Vlaški}}) are the terms used to designate the [[Romanian dialects|Romanian varieties]]<ref>Gustav Weigand, ''Linguistischer Atlas des dacorumänischen Sprachgebiets'', 1909, Leipzig: Barth</ref><ref>Petru Neiescu, Eugen Beltechi, Nicolae Mocanu, ''Atlas lingvistic al regiunii Valea Timocului – Contribuţii la atlasul lingvistic al graiurilor româneşti dintre Morava, Dunăre şi Timoc'', Cluj-Napoca, 2006</ref><ref>Slavoljub Gacović, ''Od Rimljana i latinskog do Rumuna Timočana i rumunskog, Nacionalni savet vlaške nacionalne manjine'', Bor, 2008</ref> spoken by the [[Vlachs of Serbia|Vlachs in eastern Serbia]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/>
'''Vlach''', '''''(rumînjeašće/ljimba rumînjaskă)'''''<ref>http://www.nacionalnisavetvlaha.rs The National Council of the Vlachs</ref> <ref>http://www.nacionalnisavetvlaha.rs/reagovanjabalasevic2.html The National Council of the Vlachs</ref>, ({{lang-sr|влашки / vlaški}}) are the terms used to designate the language spoken by the [[Vlachs of Serbia]].<ref> [http://ia801603.us.archive.org/20/items/BROSURA2/BROSURA2.pdf "Speak Vlach!"], 2011</ref>


==Status==
==Status==
Serbian statistics list Vlach as minority language in Serbia and it's recognized by the Serbian Law. The Vlach language have official status, but it is not standardized. In the 2011 census, 35,330<ref>http://media.popis2011.stat.rs/2011/prvi_rezultati.pdf Serbian Preliminary 2011 Census Results</ref> people in Serbia declared themselves ethnic [[Vlachs]] and 43,095<ref>http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Saopstenje%20za%20javnost%20veroispovest%20maternji%20jezik%20i%20nac%20%20pripadnost.pdf Serbian 2011 Census Results 21. 02. 2013</ref> people declared themselves native speakers of the Vlach language. The declared Vlach speakers are mostly concentrated in Eastern Serbia, mainly in the [[Timočka Krajina]] region.
Serbian statistics list Vlach and Romanian languages separately depending of what people declared in census. This however, does not mean that Serbian government have official position whether Vlach and Romanian are separate languages. [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] hadn't assigned it a separate language code in the [[ISO 639]] standard. In the 2002 census, 40,054 people in Serbia declared themselves ethnic [[Vlachs]] and 54,818 people declared themselves native speakers of the Vlach language.


The Vlach language does not have any official status and it is not standardized,<ref name="Danas">''[[Danas]]'' [http://www.danas.rs/20070319/hronika3.html "Svedeni smo na vlaško kolo"], 19 March 2007</ref> thus some members of Vlach community ask for official usage of standard Romanian in the areas inhabited by Vlachs until the standardization of the Vlach language.<ref name="Danas"/>
The "National Council of Vlachs" listed Serbian in its statute as the official language of the Vlach minority until the standardization of the Vlach language. <ref>http://www.nacionalnisavetvlaha.rs Declaration of the Vlach National Council</ref>

For historical reasons connected with the multicultural region of [[Vojvodina]], Romanian is listed as a separate language in latest Serbian census, the number of its speakers was 34,515, while 34,576 people declared themselves as ethnic [[Romanians]]. The declared Vlach speakers are mostly concentrated in eastern Serbia, mainly in the [[Timočka Krajina]] region and adjacent areas, while declared Romanian speakers are mostly concentrated in Vojvodina.

According to some sources in the media (among others [[BBC]], [[ProTV]] and [[Gardianul]]), Serbia recognised Romanian as the native language of the Vlachs, through the act of confirmation of the ''National Council of the Vlach National Minority'' in August 2007.<ref name="BBC">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/romanian/news/story/2007/08/070817_vlahi_serbia_minoritate.shtml "Vlachs of Serbia recognised as a national minority"] (''"Vlahii din Serbia recunoscuţi ca minoritate naţională"''), published by BBC on 17 August 2007: "Vlachs were finally recognised as a national minority and the Romanian language was accepted as their native language"</ref><ref>[http://www.protv.ro/filme/limba-romana-recunoscuta-drept-limba-materna-in-serbia.html?id_file=27625#27625 Ştirile ProTV: "Romanian language recognised as native language in Serbia"] (''"Limba română recunoscută drept limbă maternă în Serbia"''], news report made by Ştirile [[ProTV]] on 19 August 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.gardianul.ro/2007/08/03/externe-c3/serbia_a_recunoscut_ca_vlahii_din_timoc_vorbesc_rom_neste-s98924.html "Serbia recognised that the Vlachs of Timoc speak Romanian"] (''"Serbia a recunoscut că «vlahii» din Timoc vorbesc româneşte"''), published in [[Gardianul]], 3 August 2007</ref>

The "National Council of Vlachs in Serbia" listed Romanian in its statute as the language of the Vlach minority.<ref name="BBC"/>

==Features==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2011}}

Its two main variants, '''Ungurean''' and '''Țăran''', are subordonated forms of the Romanian varieties spoken in [[Banat]] and [[Oltenia]], respectively.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} The speakers have been isolated from Romania and their speech did not keep up with the neologisms (for some abstract notions, as well as technological, political and scientific concepts) borrowed by the Romanian speakers on the other shore of the Danube from French and Italian and as such, they're using Serbian counterparts instead, as Serbian has been the language of education for nearly two centuries.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}


==Name==
==Name==
The term ''Vlach'' is the English transcription of the Serbian term for this language (''vlaški''). The term Vlach language(s) is also often used to refer to [[Eastern Romance languages]] in general, which includes Romanian. There are considerable differences between these Vlach languages (the Greek, Macedonian and Albanian Vlachs, versus the Vlachs of Istria, versus the Vlachs of Eastern Serbia) and untutored native speakers have difficulties understanding each other.
The term ''Vlach'' is the English transcription of the Serbian term for this language (''vlaški''), while ''Romanian'' or ''Roumanian'' is the English transcription of its Vlach/Romanian counterpart (''român/rumân'').<ref>[http://www.ziua.net/display.php?id=147558&data=2004-05-17 Ziua.net]</ref><ref>[http://2004.rgnpress.ro/index.php?option=com_ab_calendar&month=09&year=2004&day=02&Itemid=1 Interview with Predrag Balašević, president of the Romanian/Vlach Democratic Party of Serbia]: "We all know that we call ourselves in Romanian Romanians and in Serbian Vlachs."</ref>

For example, the National Council representing Vlach minority is called:<ref name="consiliu">Website of the [http://www.cnmnr.org.rs/ Consiliul Naţional al Minorităţii Naţionale Rumâne din Serbia]</ref>
*''Consiliul Naţional al Minorităţii Naţionale '''Rumâne''''' in Vlach/Romanian,
*Национални савет '''Влашке''' националне мањине, ''Nacionalni Savet '''Vlaške''' Nacionalne Manjine'' in [[Serbian language|Serbian]],
* and ''National Council of '''Vlach (Roumanian)''' National Minority'' in English.

Further on, the Romanian/Vlach Democratic Party of Serbia is called in Romanian/Vlach ''Partidul Democrat al '''Rumânilor''' din Sârbia'' and '''''Vlaška''' Demokratska Stranka'' ('''Влашка''' демократска странка) in Serbian. This happens also with the others institutions of the Vlach minority.

The term Vlach language(s) is also often used to refer to [[Eastern Romance languages]] in general, which includes Romanian. There are considerable differences between these Vlach languages (the Greek, Macedonian and Albanian Vlachs, versus the Vlachs of Istria, versus the Vlachs of Eastern Serbia who are closest to Romanians) and untutored native speakers have difficulties understanding each other.


==Usage in media==
==Usage in media==
Radio Zaječar [http://www.danas.rs/20070319/hronika3.html] and Radio Pomoravlje [http://radio.pomoravlje.net/] broadcasting programme in the Vlach language.
Radio Zaječar [http://www.danas.rs/20070319/hronika3.html] and Radio Pomoravlje [http://radio.pomoravlje.net/] broadcasting programme in the Romanian (Vlach) language.


==Maps==
==Maps==
<gallery caption="The vocabulary in Central Serbia. Researches made by [[Gustav Weigand]]:" widths="100px" heights="100px" perrow="5">
<gallery caption="The Romanian vocabulary in Central Serbia. Researches made by [[Gustav Weigand]]:" widths="100px" heights="100px" perrow="5">
File:Sprachatlas Weigand 67.JPG|
File:Sprachatlas Weigand 67.JPG|The extent of Romanian
File:Sprachatlas Weigand 65.JPG|
File:Sprachatlas Weigand 65.JPG|The extent of Banatian dialect in central Serbia
File:Sprachatlas Weigand 09.JPG|
File:Sprachatlas Weigand 09.JPG|
File:Sprachatlas Weigand 10.JPG|
File:Sprachatlas Weigand 10.JPG|
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* [[Thraco-Roman]]
* [[Thraco-Roman]]
* [[Eastern Romance substratum]]
* [[Eastern Romance substratum]]
* [[Origin of the Romanians]]
* [[Legacy of the Roman Empire]]
* [[Legacy of the Roman Empire]]
* The [[Balkan language area]]
* The [[Balkan language area]]
* [[Romanian language]]
* [[Romance languages]]
* [[Romance languages]]


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{{Romance languages}}
{{Romance languages}}
{{Romanian language}}
{{Use British (Oxford) English|date=August 2010}}
{{Use British (Oxford) English|date=August 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Vlach Language In Serbia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vlach Language In Serbia}}
[[Category:Languages of Serbia]]
[[Category:Languages of Serbia]]
[[Category:Eastern Romance languages]]
[[Category:Romanian language varieties and styles]]
[[Category:Serbian people of Romanian descent]]

Revision as of 20:11, 23 April 2013

Eastern Romance languages
Vulgar Latin language
Substratum
Thraco-Roman culture
Romanian
Aromanian
Megleno-Romanian
Istro-Romanian
Major varieties (graiuri) of the Romanian language[citation needed]
Blue: Southern varieties
Red: Northern varieties

Vlach, Romanian,[1] or Timok Romanian (autoglossonym: limba română,[2] meaning "language of Romans", rumâneşte / rumâneşce, Romanian: Româna timoceană; Serbian: Влашки / Vlaški) are the terms used to designate the Romanian varieties[3][4][5] spoken by the Vlachs in eastern Serbia.[1]

Status

Serbian statistics list Vlach and Romanian languages separately depending of what people declared in census. This however, does not mean that Serbian government have official position whether Vlach and Romanian are separate languages. ISO hadn't assigned it a separate language code in the ISO 639 standard. In the 2002 census, 40,054 people in Serbia declared themselves ethnic Vlachs and 54,818 people declared themselves native speakers of the Vlach language.

The Vlach language does not have any official status and it is not standardized,[6] thus some members of Vlach community ask for official usage of standard Romanian in the areas inhabited by Vlachs until the standardization of the Vlach language.[6]

For historical reasons connected with the multicultural region of Vojvodina, Romanian is listed as a separate language in latest Serbian census, the number of its speakers was 34,515, while 34,576 people declared themselves as ethnic Romanians. The declared Vlach speakers are mostly concentrated in eastern Serbia, mainly in the Timočka Krajina region and adjacent areas, while declared Romanian speakers are mostly concentrated in Vojvodina.

According to some sources in the media (among others BBC, ProTV and Gardianul), Serbia recognised Romanian as the native language of the Vlachs, through the act of confirmation of the National Council of the Vlach National Minority in August 2007.[7][8][9]

The "National Council of Vlachs in Serbia" listed Romanian in its statute as the language of the Vlach minority.[7]

Features

Its two main variants, Ungurean and Țăran, are subordonated forms of the Romanian varieties spoken in Banat and Oltenia, respectively.[citation needed] The speakers have been isolated from Romania and their speech did not keep up with the neologisms (for some abstract notions, as well as technological, political and scientific concepts) borrowed by the Romanian speakers on the other shore of the Danube from French and Italian and as such, they're using Serbian counterparts instead, as Serbian has been the language of education for nearly two centuries.[citation needed]

Name

The term Vlach is the English transcription of the Serbian term for this language (vlaški), while Romanian or Roumanian is the English transcription of its Vlach/Romanian counterpart (român/rumân).[10][11]

For example, the National Council representing Vlach minority is called:[12]

  • Consiliul Naţional al Minorităţii Naţionale Rumâne in Vlach/Romanian,
  • Национални савет Влашке националне мањине, Nacionalni Savet Vlaške Nacionalne Manjine in Serbian,
  • and National Council of Vlach (Roumanian) National Minority in English.

Further on, the Romanian/Vlach Democratic Party of Serbia is called in Romanian/Vlach Partidul Democrat al Rumânilor din Sârbia and Vlaška Demokratska Stranka (Влашка демократска странка) in Serbian. This happens also with the others institutions of the Vlach minority.

The term Vlach language(s) is also often used to refer to Eastern Romance languages in general, which includes Romanian. There are considerable differences between these Vlach languages (the Greek, Macedonian and Albanian Vlachs, versus the Vlachs of Istria, versus the Vlachs of Eastern Serbia who are closest to Romanians) and untutored native speakers have difficulties understanding each other.

Usage in media

Radio Zaječar [1] and Radio Pomoravlje [2] broadcasting programme in the Romanian (Vlach) language.

Maps

  • The Romanian vocabulary in Central Serbia. Researches made by Gustav Weigand:
  • The extent of Romanian
    The extent of Romanian
  • The extent of Banatian dialect in central Serbia
    The extent of Banatian dialect in central Serbia

See also

References

  1. ^ a b http://www.bbc.co.uk/romanian/news/story/2007/08/070817_vlahi_serbia_minoritate.shtml
  2. ^ Website of the Federaţia Rumânilor din Serbie
  3. ^ Gustav Weigand, Linguistischer Atlas des dacorumänischen Sprachgebiets, 1909, Leipzig: Barth
  4. ^ Petru Neiescu, Eugen Beltechi, Nicolae Mocanu, Atlas lingvistic al regiunii Valea Timocului – Contribuţii la atlasul lingvistic al graiurilor româneşti dintre Morava, Dunăre şi Timoc, Cluj-Napoca, 2006
  5. ^ Slavoljub Gacović, Od Rimljana i latinskog do Rumuna Timočana i rumunskog, Nacionalni savet vlaške nacionalne manjine, Bor, 2008
  6. ^ a b Danas "Svedeni smo na vlaško kolo", 19 March 2007
  7. ^ a b "Vlachs of Serbia recognised as a national minority" ("Vlahii din Serbia recunoscuţi ca minoritate naţională"), published by BBC on 17 August 2007: "Vlachs were finally recognised as a national minority and the Romanian language was accepted as their native language"
  8. ^ Ştirile ProTV: "Romanian language recognised as native language in Serbia" ("Limba română recunoscută drept limbă maternă în Serbia"], news report made by Ştirile ProTV on 19 August 2007
  9. ^ "Serbia recognised that the Vlachs of Timoc speak Romanian" ("Serbia a recunoscut că «vlahii» din Timoc vorbesc româneşte"), published in Gardianul, 3 August 2007
  10. ^ Ziua.net
  11. ^ Interview with Predrag Balašević, president of the Romanian/Vlach Democratic Party of Serbia: "We all know that we call ourselves in Romanian Romanians and in Serbian Vlachs."
  12. ^ Website of the Consiliul Naţional al Minorităţii Naţionale Rumâne din Serbia

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