Jump to content

Mirza (name): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Arts: two noted Azeri individuals added.
Pictures are for aesthetics, not for sourcing. That is the purpose of the encyclopedia text. You don't seem to have a strong grasp for the English language, so back off buddy. I fixed all of the grammar under Circassian b/c of you.
Line 12: Line 12:


==Persian Kingdom==
==Persian Kingdom==
[[File:Abbas_Mirza_(Hermitage).jpeg|thumb|right|Prince of Persia, Prince Abbas Mirza, 1821 <ref name="Abbas Mirza"/>]]
The titles themselves were given by the [[Monarch|Kings]], [[Sultans]] and [[Emperors]] (equivalent to the western [[Fount of honour]]) to their sons and grandsons, or even distant kins. Noblemen loyal to the kings also received this [[Noble titles|Title]], although their usage differed.
The titles themselves were given by the [[Monarch|Kings]], [[Sultans]] and [[Emperors]] (equivalent to the western [[Fount of honour]]) to their sons and grandsons, or even distant kins. Noblemen loyal to the kings also received this [[Noble titles|Title]], although their usage differed. Aristocratic families (royal descent) from South Asia and individuals descended from the Persian nobility have 'Mirza' in their name.


The title itself came from the title '''[[emir]]'''. ''Emir'', meaning "commander" or "Prince", -derived from the Semitic [[triconsonantal|root]] ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Amr}}'', "command". Originally simply meaning commander or leader, usually in reference to a group of people. It came to be used as a title of governors or rulers, usually in smaller states, and usually renders the English word "prince. Amir Sadri." The word entered English in 1595, from the French ''émir''.<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=amir&searchmode=none EtymologyOnLine</ref>
The title itself came from the title '''[[emir]]'''. ''Emir'', meaning "commander" or "Prince", -derived from the Semitic [[triconsonantal|root]] ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Amr}}'', "command". Originally simply meaning commander or leader, usually in reference to a group of people. It came to be used as a title of governors or rulers, usually in smaller states, and usually renders the English word "prince. Amir Sadri." The word entered English in 1595, from the French ''émir''.<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=amir&searchmode=none EtymologyOnLine</ref>

Revision as of 04:51, 7 November 2015

Part of a series on
Imperial, royal, noble, gentry and chivalric ranks in West, Central, South Asia and North Africa

Mirza (/ˈmɜːzə/ or /mɪəˈzɑː/)[1][a] is a title of Persian origin, denoting the rank of a high nobleman or Prince. It is usually translated into English as a royal or imperial Prince of the Blood. It was used as a name by and signifies patriarchal lineage to the imperial families and aristocracy of the Turkish Empire, Persia, Circassia, and subsequently the Moghals of the Indian Subcontinent as well as the Muslim Rajputs of Northern India and the Punjab. It was also the title borne by members of the highest aristocracies in Tatar states, such as the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan.

Under Catherine the Great, empress of Russia, the Mirzas gained equal rights with the Russian nobility due to their extreme wealth. In return, the Mirzas financed her Russo-Turkish war against the Ottoman Empire.[2] Abdul Mirza was given the title Prince Yusupov, and his descendant Prince Felix Yusupov married a niece of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

Etymology

The word Mīrzā is derived from the Persian term ‘Amīrzāde which literally means "child of the ‘Amīr" or "child of the ruler" in Persian.[3] ‘Amīrzād in turn consists of the Arabic title ‘Amīr (engl. Emir), meaning "commander" and "Prince", and the Persian suffix -zād, meaning "birth" or "lineage". Due to vowel harmony in Turkic languages, the alternative pronunciation Morza (plural morzalar; derived from the Persian word) is also used. The word Mirza means Royalty in almost every old version of Persian, Arab, Caucasian, Turkish and Indian languages.

Variant spellings in English include miriza, mirize, mirze, morsey, mursay, murse, meirsa, mirzey, mursi, murze, murza, mirza, myrza, meerza.[4]

Persian Kingdom

Prince of Persia, Prince Abbas Mirza, 1821 [5]

The titles themselves were given by the Kings, Sultans and Emperors (equivalent to the western Fount of honour) to their sons and grandsons, or even distant kins. Noblemen loyal to the kings also received this Title, although their usage differed. Aristocratic families (royal descent) from South Asia and individuals descended from the Persian nobility have 'Mirza' in their name.

The title itself came from the title emir. Emir, meaning "commander" or "Prince", -derived from the Semitic root Amr, "command". Originally simply meaning commander or leader, usually in reference to a group of people. It came to be used as a title of governors or rulers, usually in smaller states, and usually renders the English word "prince. Amir Sadri." The word entered English in 1595, from the French émir.[6]

Nobility of Circassia

The hereditary title of Mirza was adopted by the nobility class of the Circassians. Idar of Kabardia, also known as "Mirza Haydar Temruk Bey", was the great-grandson of Prince Inal - Sultan of Egypt the founder of the "Temruk dynasty" of the Kabardian princes, known in Russia as the "Cherkassky" a Circassian princely family.

Circassian nobility with the name Mirza include:

  • Temruk Mirza (ca. 1501 - 1571)
  • Kambulat Mirza (ca. 1510 - 1589)
  • Zhelegot Mirza (ca. 1520- ?)

Shirvanshahs

Three consecutive pretenders to become the king of Shirvan of the Shirvanshah dynasty (present-day Azerbaijan), adopted the title as well, following the death of Gurban Ali.

Rajput Kingdoms of North India and the Punjab

The Rajputs

An engraving of North Indian Rajput warriors
Mirza Raja Jai Singh, A North Indian Rajput king

The title Mirza was also adopted by the Muslim Rajputs of Northern India. The Rajputs were rulers of Princely states comprising vast territories of Northern India, including the Punjab Region (in present day north India and eastern Pakistan). The Rajput imperial families were descendants of ancient Indo-Aryan warrior classes and formed blood alliances with Mughal aristocracy. Inter-marriage between Mughal aristocracy and Rajput aristocracy became very common and significant factions of Rajput kingdoms embraced the Islamic faith. The meaning of Mirza (Persian origin) is a literal translation to the meaning of Rajput (Sanskrit Origin). In the case of the Muslim Rajputs, the title implied heredity to the Rajput dynasties of Northern India and not the Turkic dynasties. Today, Muslim Rajputs can be found predominantly in Punjab, Kashmir and Northwestern Pakistan.

The Jats of Punjab

The title Mirza also became common among the Muslim Jats of North India and the Punjab. Much like the Rajputs, the Muslim Jats were considered a martial race and warrior class of North India. Being farmers traditionally, the Jats were known to patronize the imperialist military in large numbers. Similar to the Muslim Rajput, large factions of the Jat tribe embraced the Islamic faith. Today, the vast majority of Muslim Jats are found in Punjab, Pakistan.

Mughal Dynasty of India

Mirzas of the Mughal imperial family, 1878

In the Indian Subcontinent (modern day Pakistan, India, Bangladesh), the title Mirza was borne by an imperial prince. It was adopted as part of ones name, implying relationship to the Turk dynasties like the Mughal dynasty (the Imperial House of Timur).[7] In the traditional naming sequence of the Indian royal families, the title can be placed both before the name and after it, such as Prince Mirza Mughal or Prince Kamran Mirza. Prince Khusrau Mirza was the grandson of Emperor Babur (Babur Mirza), son of Emperor Jahangir and a brother of Emperor Shah Jahan. Emperor Akbar Shah II was known as Prince Mirza Akbar before his coronation. Emperor Babur took the imperial title of Padishah on 6 March 1508, before which he used the title Mirza.[8]

Imperial Family of Hindustan (India)

Further information: Mughal Emperors

Imperial Families of Central India and Bengal

Because the Bengali language has no phoneme /z/, Mirza has the local form Mridha (from Mirdhjah) in Bengal and Bihar.[9]

Royal Family of Bengal

Royal Family of Awadh

Royal Family of Berar

  • Mirza Azam 1707, seventh Mughal Emperor.
  • Prince Bedar Bakht Mirza, son of Emperor Mirza Azam
  • Prince Mohammed Beg Feroz Bakht Mirza, son of Prince Bedar Bakht Mirza
  • Prince BulaquiBeg Mirza, son of Prince Mirza Feroz Bakht
  • Prince Sultan Bahaddur Aduli Mirza, son of Mirza Bulaqui Baig Bahaddur
  • Prince Sultan Bahaddur SardarBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur AduliBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan Bahaddur UmraoBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur SardarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurHatamBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur SardarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurHasanBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur UmraoBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurMehboobBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur HatamBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur HasanBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurAlamBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur HasanBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurRoshanBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MehboobBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurQaderBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MehboobBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurHasanBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurKhaliqueBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurWasiqueBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurSaquibalamBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurAnzarBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • Prince Sultan BahaddurFauwazBeg Mirza S/O Prince Sultan Bahaddur MuqaddarBeg Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Numan Baig Mirza, son of Dr. Hasan Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Afzal Baig Mirza, son of Khalique Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Shahnawaz Baig Mirza, son of Khalique Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Muqadder Baig Mirza, son of Saquib Alam Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Shafaqat Baig Mirza, son of Qader Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Sharafat Baig Mirza, son of Shafaqat Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Shabaz Baig Mirza, son of Shafaqat Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Sulaiman Mirza, son of Hatam Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Mirza Abdul Razzak I son of Hatam Baig Mirza
  • His Highness Prince Mirza Abdul Rasheed son of Mirza Abdur Razzak
  • His Highness Prince Mirza Abdul Razzak II a.k.a. Mohammed Rizwan Mirza son of Mirza Abdul Rasheed
  • His Highness Prince Mirza Mohammad Gibran son of Mohammed Rizwan Mirza

Notable Mirzas

Academics and literature

  • Mirza Ghalib (born: Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan), a famous Urdu and Persian poet from South Asia who adorned the Mughal court
  • Mirza Khan of "Mirza & Sahiba", a tragic Romeo-and-Juliet-like love story, based on true events, which is enshrined in Panjabi literature and commonly told in the Punjab region. Though in this story Mirza is used as a name and not as a title. Mirza of "Mirza & Sahiba" was of Muslim Jat / Muslim Rajput descent.
  • Iraj Mirza, Persian folk poet, also known as Jalaal-al-mamalek.
  • Muhammad Munawwar Mirza, a prominent scholar, historian, writer and intellectual from Pakistan
  • Nawab Mirza Khan "Daagh" a famous Urdu poet
  • Muhammad Ilyas Adil (Kashmir Colony Gujranwala Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan) a prominent columnist, educationist and the head of Adil Academy.
  • Muhammad Adrees Baig Mirza (Kashmir Colony Gujranwala Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan), Principal Superior College Gujranwala

Advocate

Arts

  • Aziz Mirza (born 1947) is an Indian film director, producer and writer
  • Haroon Mirza is a living Anglo-Pakistani artist born in London pm in 1977.
  • Mirza Babayev, Azerbaijani movie actor and singer. Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR and People’s Artist of Azerbaijan.
  • Mirza Kadym Irevani, Azerbaijani artist

Government

Military

Nobility

Religion

Sport

See also

Further reading

  • Life of a Mirza Chapter 7 (pg 225-227) The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture (2004) by Annemarie Schimmel ISBN 1-86189-185-7
  • Mirzah in The Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable By Ebenezer Cobham Brewer: The quintessential guide to myth, folklore, legend, legend and literature. ISBN 1-84022-310-3
  • MI’RZA Chambers’s Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge For the People. ISBN 1-149-98693-X
  • A. Jaimoukha The Circassians: A Handbook Routledge, Palgrave, 2001, pp 157–60) ISBN 0-312-23994-7

Footnotes

  1. ^ Persian: میرزا; Azeri: Mirzə; Tajik: Мирзо; Uzbek: Mirzo; Russian: мурза; Bashkir: mïrða; Circassian: мырзэ (common variance in Tatar nobility as Morza); Urdu: مرزا; Punjabi: مرزا

References

Notes
  1. ^ "Mirza Definition". Collins Dictionary. n.d. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  2. ^ Life in Samarkand Caucasus and Central Asia vis-à-vis Russia, the West, and Islam, Madina Tlostanova: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge (ISSN: 1540-5699)]
  3. ^ mirza. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved 2 October 2012
  4. ^ OED: http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/119129?redirectedFrom=mirza#eid Accessed June 17, 2013
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Abbas Mirza was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=amir&searchmode=none EtymologyOnLine
  7. ^ http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/hali/majalis/10glossary.html
  8. ^ pg 24. The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture
  9. ^ The Khan Mohammad Mridha Mosque is named for a man known in Mughal records as Khan Muhammad Mirza; see https://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=4450 Mughal dynasty (the Imperial House of Timur "Sarai Mulk Khanam Qutubuddunniya wa Deen Amir Qutubuddin Taimur Baig Sahib-e-kiran").
Sources
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirza_(name)&oldid=689438798"