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| 2022<ref>{{cite web|title=Population and demographic processes in 2022|url=https://www.nsi.bg/sites/default/files/files/pressreleases/Population2022_en_3C3NKZD.pdf}}</ref>
| 2022<ref>{{cite web|title=Population and demographic processes in 2022|url=https://www.nsi.bg/sites/default/files/files/pressreleases/Population2022_en_3C3NKZD.pdf}}</ref>
| style="text-align:right;"|6,447,710
| style="text-align:right;"|6,465,097
| style="text-align:right; color:red;"| 56,596
| style="text-align:right; color:red;"| 56,596
| style="text-align:right;"| 118,814
| style="text-align:right;"| 118,814
Line 1,423: Line 1,423:
! Natural increase
! Natural increase
|-
|-
| '''January - December 2021'''
| '''January - March 2022'''
| 54,587
| 12,393
| 140,439
| 36,173
| -85,852
| -23,780
|-
|-
| '''January - December 2022'''
| '''January - March 2023'''
| 53,257
| 12,550
| 114,130
| 24,611
| -60,873
| -12,061
|-
|-
| '''Difference'''
| '''Difference'''
|{{Decrease}} -1,330 (-2.44%)
|{{Increase}} +153 (+1.27%)
|{{DecreasePositive}} -26,309 (-18.73%)
|{{DecreasePositive}} -11,562 (-31.96%)
|{{Increase}} +24,979
|{{Increase}} +11,719
|}
|}


Revision as of 16:55, 8 May 2023

Demographics of Bulgaria
Bulgaria population pyramid in 2020
PopulationDecrease 6,519,789 (7th of September, 2021) [1][2][3]
Age structure
0–14 yearsSteady 14.4%
15–64 yearsDecrease 63.8%
65 and overIncrease 21.8% (2020)
Sex ratio
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Under 151.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.97 male(s)/female
65 and over0.68 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Bulgarian(s) adjective: Bulgarian
Major ethnicBulgarian (84.8%)
Minor ethnicTurkish/ Balkan Gagauz (8.8%)
Roma (4.9%)
Other and unknown (1.5%)
Language
OfficialBulgarian (85.2%)

The demography of the Republic of Bulgaria is monitored by the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria.

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Bulgaria, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Bulgaria has a high Human Development Index of 0.813, ranking 51st in the world in 2018[4] and holds the 38th position in Newsweek's rankings of the world's best countries to live in, measuring health, education, political environment and economic dynamism.[5]

Demographic history

Census population and average annual growth rate
YearPop.±% p.a.
1880 2,007,919—    
1887 3,154,375+6.67%
1892 3,310,713+0.97%
1900 3,744,283+1.55%
1905 4,035,575+1.51%
1910 4,337,513+1.45%
1920 4,846,971+1.12%
1926 5,478,741+2.06%
1934 6,077,939+1.31%
1946 7,029,349+1.22%
1956 7,613,709+0.80%
1965 8,227,866+0.87%
1975 8,727,771+0.59%
1985 8,948,649+0.25%
1992 8,487,317−0.75%
2001 7,928,901−0.75%
2011 7,364,570−0.74%
2021 6,519,789−1.21%
Source: Censuses in Bulgaria

Various estimates have put Bulgaria's medieval population at 1.1 million in 700 AD and 2.6 million in 1365.[6] At the 2011 census, the population inhabiting Bulgaria was 7,364,570 in total, but more recent estimates from 2021 calculate that the population has declined to 6.5 million.[7][8] The peak was in 1989, the year when the borders opened after a half of a century of communist regime, when the population numbered 9,009,018.

Historical population of Bulgaria, 1812 to 2023

Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is an extrapolation [9]

Vital statistics

Vital Statistics 1875 to 1915

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World in Data and Gapminder Foundation.[10]

Years 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880[10]
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria 5.16 5.05 4.95 4.84 4.73 4.62
Years 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890[10]
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria 4.52 4.92 5.16 5.16 5.04 4.37 5.15 5.05 4.92 4.7
Years 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900[10]
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria 5.24 4.82 4.69 5.09 5.45 5.55 5.7 5.28 5.45 5.67
Years 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910[10]
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria 5.7 5.73 5.76 5.8 5.83 5.77 5.72 5.66 5.6 5.55
Years 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915[10]
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria 5.52 5.48 5.45 5.42 5.39

Vital statistics 1900–1915

[11][12][13]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000)
1900 3,710,000 157,000 84,000 73,000 42.3 22.6 19.7
1901 3,740,000 141,000 87,000 54,000 37.7 23.3 14.4
1902 3,800,000 149,000 91,000 58,000 39.2 23.9 15.3
1903 3,850,000 159,000 88,000 71,000 41.3 22.9 18.4
1904 3,910,000 167,000 84,000 83,000 42.7 21.5 21.2
1905 4,000,000 174,000 87,000 87,000 43.5 21.8 21.8
1906 4,100,000 179,000 91,000 88,000 43.7 22.2 21.5
1907 4,150,000 180,000 92,000 88,000 43.4 22.2 21.2
1908 4,200,000 169,000 102,000 67,000 40.2 24.3 16.0
1909 4,280,000 173,000 113,000 60,000 40.4 26.4 14.0
1910 4,350,000 180,000 100,000 80,000 41.4 23.0 18.4
1911 4,400,000 176,000 94,000 82,000 40.0 21.4 18.6
1912 4,430,000 185,000 91,000 94,000 41.8 20.5 21.2
1913 4,200,000 108,000 122,000 -14,000 25.7 29.0 -3.3
1914 4,240,000 191,000 88,000 103,000 45.0 20.8 24.3
1915 4,280,000 172,000 85,000 87,000 40.2 19.9 20.3

Vital statistics 1916–1940

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rates[10]
1916 4,660,000 99,000 97,000 2,000 21.2 20.8 0.4 5.38
1917 4,690,000 81,000 99,000 -18,000 17.3 21.1 -3.8 5.37
1918 4,740,000 100,000 152,000 -52,000 21.1 32.1 -11.0 5.36
1919 4,790,000 157,000 97,000 60,000 32.8 20.3 12.5 5.35
1920 4,850,000 193,000 104,000 89,000 39.8 21.4 18.4 5.35
1921 4,890,000 197,000 106,000 91,000 40.3 21.7 18.6 5.27
1922 5,010,000 203,000 106,000 97,000 40.5 21.2 19.4 5.19
1923 5,090,000 192,000 108,000 84,000 37.7 21.2 16.5 5.11
1924 5,210,000 207,000 108,000 99,000 39.7 20.7 19.0 5.03
1925 5,310,000 196,000 102,000 94,000 36.9 19.2 17.7 4.94
1926 5,420,000 203,000 93,000 110,000 37.5 17.2 20.3 4.80
1927 5,510,000 183,000 112,000 71,000 33.2 20.3 12.9 4.65
1928 5,590,000 185,000 99,000 86,000 33.1 17.7 15.4 4.50
1929 5,670,000 173,000 103,000 70,000 30.5 18.2 12.3 4.36
1930 5,740,000 180,000 93,000 87,000 31.4 16.2 15.2 4.05
1931 5,800,000 171,000 98,000 73,000 29.5 16.9 12.6 3.80
1932 5,884,000 186,000 96,000 90,000 31.6 16.3 15.3 4.07
1933 5,961,000 174,000 93,000 81,000 29.2 15.6 13.6 3.76
1934 6,039,000 181,795 85,046 96,749 30.1 14.1 16.0 3.88
1935 6,102,000 160,951 89,086 71,865 26.4 14.6 11.8 3.39
1936 6,154,000 159,146 87,723 71,423 25.9 14.3 11.6 3.33
1937 6,196,000 150,771 84,674 66,097 24.3 13.7 10.7 3.12
1938 6,244,000 142,415 85,373 57,042 22.8 13.7 9.1 2.92
1939 6,292,000 138,883 84,150 54,733 22.1 13.4 8.7 2.81
1940 6,341,000 140,564 85,046 55,518 22.2 13.4 8.8 2.84

Vital statistics 1941 to present

[14]

Source: National Statistical Institute[15] /

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rates[fn 1]
1941 6,715,100 147,293 85,011 62,282 21.9 12.7 9.3 2.80
1942 6,771,100 153,272 88,082 65,190 22.6 13.0 9.6 2.91
1943 6,827,600 148,840 88,386 60,454 21.8 13.0 8.9 2.79
1944 6,884,600 151,013 94,082 56,931 22.0 13.7 8.3 2.83
1945 6,942,200 166,960 103,591 63,369 24.1 14.9 9.1 3.09
1946 7,000,200 179,226 95,799 83,427 25.6 13.7 11.9 3.29
1947 7,063,700 169,501 94,395 75,106 24.0 13.4 10.7 3.06
1948 7,130,100 175,771 89,927 85,844 24.7 12.6 12.0 3.16
1949 7,195,100 177,734 84,675 93,059 24.7 11.8 12.9 3.17
1950 7,251,000 182,571 74,134 108,437 25.2 10.2 15.0 2.94
1951 7,258,200 152,803 77,364 75,439 21.1 10.7 10.4 2.45
1952 7,274,900 154,014 84,254 69,760 21.2 11.6 9.6 2.44
1953 7,346,100 153,220 68,055 85,165 20.9 9.3 11.6 2.41
1954 7,423,300 149,902 68,384 81,518 20.2 9.2 11.0 2.36
1955 7,499,400 150,978 67,960 83,018 20.1 9.1 11.1 2.41
1956 7,575,800 147,910 71,153 76,757 19.5 9.4 10.1 2.36
1957 7,651,300 141,035 65,807 75,228 18.4 8.6 9.8 2.26
1958 7,727,600 138,294 60,734 77,560 17.9 7.9 10.0 2.23
1959 7,797,800 136,892 73,850 63,042 17.5 9.4 8.1 2.23
1960 7,867,374 140,082 63,665 76,417 17.7 8.1 9.7 2.31
1961 7,943,118 137,861 62,562 75,299 17.3 7.8 9.4 2.29
1962 8,012,946 134,148 69,640 64,508 16.7 8.7 8.0 2.24
1963 8,078,145 132,143 66,057 66,086 16.3 8.1 8.1 2.21
1964 8,144,340 130,958 64,479 66,479 16.0 7.9 8.2 2.19
1965 8,204,168 125,791 66,970 58,821 15.3 8.1 7.2 2.09
1966 8,258,057 123,039 68,366 54,673 14.9 8.3 6.6 2.03
1967 8,310,226 124,582 74,696 49,886 14.9 9.0 6.0 2.02
1968 8,369,603 141,460 72,176 69,284 16.8 8.6 8.2 2.27
1969 8,434,172 143,060 80,183 62,877 16.9 9.5 7.5 2.27
1970 8,489,574 138,745 77,095 61,650 16.3 9.1 7.2 2.17
1971 8,536,395 135,422 82,805 52,617 15.8 9.7 6.2 2.10
1972 8,576,200 131,316 84,174 47,142 15.3 9.8 5.5 2.03
1973 8,620,967 139,713 81,470 58,243 16.2 9.4 6.8 2.15
1974 8,678,745 149,196 85,239 63,957 17.1 9.8 7.3 2.29
1975 8,720,742 144,668 89,974 54,694 16.6 10.3 6.3 2.23
1976 8,758,599 144,929 88,348 56,581 16.5 10.1 6.5 2.24
1977 8,804,183 141,702 94,362 47,340 16.1 10.7 5.4 2.21
1978 8,814,032 136,442 92,445 43,997 15.5 10.5 5.0 2.15
1979 8,825,940 135,358 94,403 40,955 15.3 10.7 4.6 2.16
1980 8,861,535 128,190 97,950 30,240 14.4 11.0 3.4 2.05
1981 8,891,117 124,372 95,441 28,931 14.0 10.7 3.2 2.00
1982 8,917,457 124,166 100,293 23,873 13.9 11.2 2.7 2.01
1983 8,939,738 122,993 102,182 20,811 13.7 11.4 2.3 2.01
1984 8,960,679 122,303 101,419 20,884 13.6 11.3 2.3 2.01
1985 8,960,547 118,955 107,485 11,470 13.3 12.0 1.3 1.97
1986 8,958,171 120,078 104,039 16,039 13.4 11.6 1.8 2.02
1987 8,971,359 116,672 107,213 9,459 13.0 11.9 1.1 1.96
1988 8,981,446 117,440 107,385 10,055 13.1 11.9 1.1 1.97
1989 8,876,972 112,289 106,902 5,387 12.8 12.2 0.6 1.90
1990 8,718,289 105,180 108,608 -3,428 12.1 12.5 -0.4 1.82
1991 8,632,367 95,910 110,423 -14,513 11.2 12.8 -1.7 1.66
1992 8,540,164 89,134 107,998 -18,864 10.5 12.7 -2.2 1.55
1993 8,472,313 84,400 109,540 -25,140 10.0 12.9 -3.0 1.46
1994 8,443,591 79,442 111,827 -32,385 9.4 13.3 -3.8 1.37
1995 8,406,067 71,967 114,670 -42,703 8.6 13.7 -5.1 1.23
1996 8,362,826 72,188 117,056 -44,868 8.7 14.0 -5.4 1.23
1997 8,312,068 64,125 121,861 -57,736 7.7 14.7 -6.9 1.09
1998 8,256,786 65,361 118,190 -52,829 7.9 14.4 -6.4 1.11
1999 8,210,624 72,290 111,786 -39,496 8.8 13.6 -4.8 1.23
2000 8,170,172 73,679 115,087 -41,408 9.0 14.1 -5.1 1.27
2001 7,913,300 68,180 112,368 -44,188 8.5 14.0 -5.5 1.24
2002 7,868,900 66,499 112,617 -46,118 8.5 14.4 -5.9 1.21
2003 7,823,500 67,359 111,927 -44,568 8.7 14.4 -5.7 1.23
2004 7,781,100 69,886 110,110 -40,224 9.1 14.3 -5.2 1.29
2005 7,739,900 71,075 113,374 -42,299 9.3 14.8 -5.5 1.31
2006 7,679,300 73,978 113,438 -39,460 9.7 14.9 -5.2 1.38
2007 7,640,200 75,349 113,004 -37,655 10.0 15.0 -5.0 1.42
2008 7,606,600 77,712 110,523 -32,811 10.4 14.8 -4.4 1.48
2009 7,563,700 80,956 108,068 -27,112 10.9 14.5 -3.6 1.57
2010 7,534,289 75,513 110,165 -34,652 10.0 14.6 -4.6 1.49
2011 7,348,328 70,846 108,258 -37,412 9.6 14.7 -5.1 1.51
2012 7,305,888 69,121 109,281 -40,160 9.5 15.0 -5.5 1.50
2013 7,265,115 66,578 104,345 -37,767 9.2 14.4 -5.2 1.48
2014 7,223,937 67,585 108,952 -41,367 9.4 15.1 -5.7 1.52
2015[16] 7,177,991 65,950 110,117 -44,167 9.2 15.3 -6.2 1.53
2016[17] 7,127,822 64,984 107,580 -42,596 9.1 15.1 -6.0 1.54
2017[18] 7,075,947 63,955 109,791 -45,836 9.0 15.5 -6.5 1.56
2018[19] 7,025,037 62,197 108,526 -46,329 8.9 15.4 -6.6 1.56
2019[20] 6,975,761 61,538 108,083 -46,545 8.8 15.5 -6.7 1.58
2020[21] 6,934,015 59,086 124,735 -65,649 8.5 18.0 -9.5 1.56
2021[22] 6,519,789 58,678 148,995 -90,317 9.0 22.9 -13.9 1.79
2022[23] 6,465,097 56,596 118,814 -62,218 8.8 18.4 -9.6 1.78

Current vital statistics

[24]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January - March 2022 12,393 36,173 -23,780
January - March 2023 12,550 24,611 -12,061
Difference Increase +153 (+1.27%) Positive decrease -11,562 (-31.96%) Increase +11,719

Birth rates and fertility

Fertility rate (1980–2010)
Births and deaths, Bulgaria 1900-2015
Births and deaths, Bulgaria 1900-2015
  • Birth rate in 2014
    Birth rate in 2014
  • Fertility rate in 2013
    Fertility rate in 2013
  • Fertility rate in 2014
    Fertility rate in 2014
  • Bulgaria's deaths and births (2005–2009).
    Bulgaria's deaths and births (2005–2009).

In 2016 a total of 64,984 live births were recorded in Bulgaria.[25] The country has a crude birth rate of 9.1‰.

Seventy years ago (in the census of 1946), Bulgaria had a crude birth rate of 25,6‰. Ethnic Bulgarians (23,3‰) had a much lower crude birth rate compared to the two largest minorities: Turks (40,9‰) and Roma (47,2‰).[26] However, it is unlikely that this difference continued since then, as birth rates in the Balkan countries dropped sharply.

Bulgaria has a low total fertility rate of 1.54 children per woman (at the end of 2016). This is up significantly from the late 1990s, but still below replacement and not enough to prevent further population decline, especially with emigration. Provinces with large Roma populations (for example Sliven, Montana and Yambol) tend to have higher fertility rates (and higher death rates) compared to other areas, whereas Turkish fertility is similar to the Bulgarian majority.[27]

Total fertility rate and crude birth rate by province from 2010 to 2020 (NSI)[28][29]
Province TFR (2010) TFR (2016) TFR (2017) TFR (2018) TFR (2019) TFR (2020)
Northwest Region 1.53 1.72 Increase 1.72 Steady 1.75 Decrease 1.77 Increase 1.75 Decrease
Vidin 1.50 1.45 Decrease 1.58 Increase 1.68 Increase 1.65 Decrease 1.45 Decrease
Vratsa 1.46 1.77 Increase 1.68 Decrease 1.81 Increase 1.83 Increase 1.85 Increase
Lovech 1.58 1.66 Increase 1.79 Increase 1.89 Increase 1.84 Decrease 1.91 Increase
Montana 1.52 1.74 Increase 1.65 Decrease 1.67 Increase 1.62 Decrease 1.63 Increase
Pleven 1.56 1.80 Increase 1.79 Decrease 1.71 Decrease 1.81 Increase 1.76 Decrease
North Central Region 1.32 1.45 Increase 1.45 Steady 1.45 Steady 1.43 Decrease 1.37 Decrease
Veliko Tarnovo 1.19 1.40 Increase 1.43 Increase 1.34 Decrease 1.27 Decrease 1.25 Decrease
Gabrovo 1.43 1.41 Decrease 1.49 Increase 1.58 Increase 1.69 Increase 1.46 Decrease
Razgrad 1.37 1.49Increase 1.48 Decrease 1.65 Increase 1.60 Decrease 1.50 Decrease
Ruse 1.34 1.40 Increase 1.37 Decrease 1.41 Increase 1.30 Decrease 1.34 Increase
Silistra 1.49 1.77 Increase 1.71 Decrease 1.55 Decrease 1.76 Increase 1.58 Decrease
Northeast Region 1.53 1.50 Decrease 1.48 Decrease 1.49 Increase 1.52 Increase 1.45 Decrease
Varna 1.57 1.45 Decrease 1.44 Decrease 1.44 Steady 1.47 Increase 1.49 Increase
Dobrich 1.44 1.53Increase 1.51 Decrease 1.44 Decrease 1.56 Increase 1.44 Decrease
Targovishte 1.67 1.59 Decrease 1.57 Decrease 1.63 Increase 1.61 Decrease 1.41 Decrease
Shumen 1.42 1.54 Increase 1.45 Decrease 1.53 Increase 1.51 Decrease 1.35 Decrease
Southeast Region 1.67 1.82 Increase 1.88 Increase 1.84 Decrease 1.87 Increase 1.82 Decrease
Burgas 1.54 1.63Increase 1.65 Increase 1.61 Decrease 1.69 Increase 1.59 Decrease
Sliven 1.95 2.24 Increase 2.34 Increase 2.27 Decrease 2.35 Increase 2.24 Decrease
Stara Zagora 1.64 1.73 Increase 1.80 Increase 1.76 Decrease 1.72 Decrease 1.73 Increase
Yambol 1.70 1.98 Increase 2.00 Increase 2.13 Increase 2.06 Decrease 2.08 Increase
Southwest Region 1.42 1.36 Decrease 1.38 Increase 1.38 Steady 1.42 Increase 1.44 Increase
Blagoevgrad 1.46 1.46 Steady 1.45 Decrease 1.50 Increase 1.62 Increase 1.61 Decrease
Kyustendil 1.33 1.63 Increase 1.75 Increase 1.76 Increase 1.95 Increase 1.77 Decrease
Pernik 1.35 1.62Increase 1.66 Increase 1.73 Increase 1.68 Decrease 1.54 Decrease
Sofia 1.45 1.74 Increase 1.73 Decrease 1.80 Increase 1.91 Increase 1.90 Decrease
Sofia (city) 1.39 1.27 Decrease 1.29 Increase 1.26 Decrease 1.28 Increase 1.33 Increase
South Central Region 1.50 1.61 Increase 1.65 Increase 1.65 Steady 1.66 Increase 1.59 Decrease
Kardzhali 1.49 1.64 Increase 1.66 Increase 1.70 Increase 1.74 Increase 1.49 Decrease
Pazardzhik 1.58 1.72 Increase 1.75 Increase 1.85 Increase 1.81 Decrease 1.70 Decrease
Plovdiv 1.49 1.56 Increase 1.60 Increase 1.61 Increase 1.60 Decrease 1.58 Decrease
Smolyan 1.33 1.45 Increase 1.47 Increase 1.40 Decrease 1.49 Increase 1.49 Steady
Haskovo 1.53 1.70Increase 1.75 Increase 1.62 Decrease 1.71 Increase 1.59 Decrease
Bulgaria 1.49 1.54Increase 1.56 Increase 1.56 Steady 1.58 Increase 1.560 Decrease

Regional differences

As of 2017, the municipality of Nikolaevo has the highest crude birth rate with 18.6‰, followed by Tvarditsa (16.7‰) and Kaynardzha (15.7‰). All these municipalities have relatively large Romani populations.

Top 20 municipalities with the highest birth rate (2017)[30]
Municipality Birth rate (‰)
Nikolaevo Municipality, Stara Zagora Province 18.6
Tvarditsa Municipality, Sliven Province 16.7
Kaynardzha Municipality, Silistra Province 15.7
Gurkovo Municipality, Stara Zagora Province 14.6
Yablanitsa Municipality, Lovech Province 14.2
Nikola Kozlevo Municipality, Shumen Province 13.4
Kotel Municipality, Sliven Province 13.2
Straldzha Municipality, Yambol Province 13.1
Simeonovgrad Municipality, Haskovo Province 12.5
Chelopech Municipality, Sofia Province 12.4
Maglizh Municipality, Stara Zagora Province 12.4
Sliven Municipality, Sliven Province 12.2
Nova Zagora Municipality, Sliven Province 12.1
Bratya Daskalovi Municipality, Stara Zagora Province 12.1
Ihtiman Municipality, Sofia Province 12.0
Dolni Dabnik Municipality, Pleven Province 11.8
Pavel Banya Municipality, Stara Zagora Province 11.6
Lukovit Municipality, Lovech Province 11.6
Rakovski Municipality, Plovdiv Province 11.5
Kameno Municipality, Burgas Province 11.4
Top 20 municipalities with the lowest birth rate (2017)[30]
Nedelino Municipality, Smolyan Province 5.7
Hisarya Municipality, Plovdiv Province 5.6
Kocherinovo Municipality, Kyustendil Province 5.6
Devin Municipality, Smolyan Province 5.5
Gramada Municipality, Vidin Province 5.5
Svoge Municipality, Sofia Province 5.5
Godech Municipality, Sofia Province 5.4
Apriltsi Municipality, Lovech Province 5.3
Novo Selo Municipality, Vidin Province 5.0
Chepelare Municipality, Smolyan Province 4.9
Zemen Municipality, Pernik Province 4.9
Hitrino Municipality, Shumen Province 4.8
Chiprovtsi Municipality, Montana Province 4.7
Borovo Municipality, Ruse Province 4.5
Belene Municipality, Pleven Province 4.4
Tryavna Municipality, Gabrovo Province 4.2
Boynitsa Municipality, Vidin Province 4.0
Nevestino Municipality, Kyustendil Province 3.8
Banite Municipality, Smolyan Province 3.2
Georgi Damyanovo Municipality, Montana Province 3.1

On the other hand, the municipalities of Georgi Damyanovo, Banite and Nevestino have a extremely low birth rates. These municipalities are almost exclusively inhabited by ethnic Bulgarians.

Teenage pregnancy

Bulgaria has one of the highest share of teenage pregnancy in Europe. Nevertheless, this number is declining rapidly in recent years.

Number of teenage mothers in Bulgaria in the period 1990-2017[31]
Year 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017
All live births in Bulgaria 105,180 71,967 73,679 69,886 75,513 65,950 63,955
Mothers aged under twenty 22,518 16,278 12,787 10,625 8,411 6,274 6,038
Share of teenage mothers Increase 21.4% Increase22.6% Decrease 17.4% Decrease 15.2% Decrease 11.1% Decrease 9.5% Decrease 9.4%

The ten municipalities with the largest absolute number of teenage mothers are: Sliven (373), Sofia (339), Plovdiv (245), Pazardzhik (161), Stara Zagora (141), Nova Zagora (131), Burgas (108), Yambol (106), Haskovo (96) and Varna (86).[32]

Top ten municipalities with the highest share of mothers aged under twenty (2017)[30]
Municipality All live births Births to mothers aged under twenty % of all live births
Bolyarovo Municipality 25 10 40.0%
Gramada Municipality 10 4 40.0%
Bratya Daskalovi Municipality 98 37 37.8%
Nikolaevo Municipality 82 31 37.8%
Gurkovo Municipality 73 27 37.0%
Kaynardzha Municipality 80 29 36.3%
Maglizh Municipality 121 43 35.5%
Yablanitsa Municipality 82 29 35.4%
Ihtiman Municipality 205 71 34.6%
Dimovo Municipality 65 22 33.8%

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy in Bulgaria since 1900
Life expectancy in Bulgaria since 1960 by gender
Total population: Increase 74.83 years
Male: Increase 71.37 years
Female: Increase 78.39 years (2016-2018 est.)[1]

Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[33]

Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 62.33
1955–1960 Increase 66.78
1960–1965 Increase 70.28
1965–1970 Increase 70.91
1970–1975 Increase 71.07
1975–1980 Increase 71.10
1980–1985 Increase 71.24
1985–1990 Increase 71.39
1990–1995 Decrease 71.11
1995–2000 Decrease 70.97
2000–2005 Increase 72.19
2005–2010 Increase 73.13
2010–2015 Increase 74.25
2016–2018 Increase 74.83

Kardzhali Province and Sofia City have the highest life expectancy with 76.6 years for both sexes. The lowest life expectancy is recorded in the Northwestern provinces like Montana (72.7 years), Vratsa (72.8 years) and Vidin (72.9 years).[34]

Infant mortality rate

Total: Positive decrease 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2018)[1]
Male: Positive decrease 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2018)
Female: Positive decrease 5.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2018)

Projections

The following forecast for the future population is an official estimate of the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria.[35]

Year Population
2015 7,159,819
2020 6,950,436
2025 6,734,989
2030 6,519,217
2035 6,311,454
2040 6,115,526
2045 5,929,267
2050 5,748,061
2055 5,567,060
2060 5,384,040

Demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review.[36]

  • One birth every 8 minutes
  • One death every 5 minutes
  • One net migrant every 111 minutes
  • Net loss of one person every 11 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[37]

Population pyramid of Bulgaria by age and sex in 1950
Population
6,519,789 (Sept 2021 cens)
6,919,180 (July 2021 est.)
7,057,504 (July 2018 est.)
Ethnic groups
Bulgarian 76.9%, Turkish/Balkan Gagauz 8%, Romani 4.4%, other 0.7% (including Russian, Armenian, and Vlach), other (unknown) 10% (2011 est.)
note: Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 9–11% of Bulgaria's population
Languages
Bulgarian (official) 76.8%, Balkan Gagauz 8.2%, Romani 3.8%, other 0.7%, unspecified 10.5% (2011 est.)
Religions
Eastern Orthodox 59.4%, Muslim 7.8%, other (including Catholic, Protestant, Armenian Apostolic Orthodox, and Jewish) 1.7%, none 3.7%, unspecified 27.4% (2011 est.)
Age structure
Population pyramid of Bulgaria in 2017
0-14 years: 14.52% (male 520,190 /female 491,506)
15-24 years: 9,4% (male 340,306 /female 312,241
25-54 years:42.87% (male 1,538,593 /female 1,448,080)
55-64: 13.15% (male 433,943 /female 482,784)
65 years and over: 20.06% (male 562,513 /female 835,065) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 14.6% (male 530,219 /female 500,398)
15-24 years: 9.43% (male 346,588 /female 318,645)
25-54 years: 43.12% (male 1,565,770 /female 1,477,719)
55-64 years: 13.3% (male 442,083 /female 496,888)
65 years and over: 19.54% (male 557,237 /female 821,957) (2018 est.)
Median age
total: 43.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 20
male: 41.9 years
female: 45.6 years (2020 est.)
total: 43 years. Country comparison to the world: 22nd
male: 41.2 years
female: 44.9 years (2018 est.)
Birth rate
8.15 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 218th
8.5 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 215th
Death rate
14.52 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3th
14.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 4th
Total fertility rate
1.49 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world:204th
1.47 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 201st
Net migration rate
-0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country compy to the world:115
Population growth rate
-0.67% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 229th
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.1 years (2017 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 56.6 (2020 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 23 (2020 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.6 (2020 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2020 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 75.7% of total population (2020)

.rate of urbanization: -0.22% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

potential support ratio: 3.3 (2015 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 75.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 122th
male: 72.08 years
female: 78.73 years (2021 est.)
Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 98.4%
male: 98.7%
female: 98.1% (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2016)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 12.7%. Country comparison to the world: 108th
male: 13.2%
female: 13.9% (2018 est.)

Sex ratio

Of the total 7,364,570 as of 2011, 3,586,571 are males and 3,777,999 are females, or there are 1,053 women for every 1,000 men.

Demographic policies

Bias among ethnic groups in Bulgaria

The progressive decrease of the Bulgarian population is hindering economic growth and welfare improvement, and the management measures taken to mitigate the negative consequences do not address the essence of the problem. The Government Program for the period 2017 - 2021 is the first one that aims at overturning the trend. The program also identifies the priority means for achieving this goal: measures to increase the birth rate, reduce youth emigration, and build up regulatory and institutional capacity to implement a modern immigration policy tailored to the needs of the Bulgarian business.[38][39]

Ethnic groups

Population of Bulgaria according to ethnic group 1900–1956
Ethnic
group 		census 1900 census 1905 census 1910 census 1920 census 1926 census 1934 census 1946 census 1956
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Bulgarians[40] 2,888,219 77.1 3,203,810 79.4 3,518,756 81.1 4,036,056 83.3 4,557,706 83.2 5,204,217 85.6 5,903,580 84.0 6,506,541 85.5
Turks[40] 531,240 14.2 488,010 12.1 465,641 10.7 520,339 10.7 577,552 10.5 591,193 9.7 675,500 9.6 656,025 8.6
Roma[40] 89,549 2.4 99,004 2.5 122,296 2.8 98,451 2.0 134,844 2.5 149,385 2.5 170,011 2.4 197,8651 2.6
Romanians 71,063 1.9 75,773 1.9 79,429 1.8 57,312 1.2 69,080 1.2 16,504 0.3 2,459 0.0 3,749 0.0
Greeks 66,635 1.8 63,487 1.6 43,275 1.0 42,074 0.9 10,564 0.2 9,601 0.2 3,623 0.0 7,437 0.1
Jews 33,661 0.9 37,663 0.9 40,133 0.9 43,209 0.9 46,558 0.8 48,565 0.8 44,209 0.6 6,027 0.1
Tatars 18,884 0.5 17,942 0.4 18,228 0.4 4,905 0.1 6,191 0.1 8,133 0.1 5,993 0.1
Armenians 14,581 0.4 14,178 0.4 12,932 0.3 11,509 0.2 27,332 0.5 25,963 0.4 21,637 0.3 21,954 0.3
Gagauzes 10,175 0.3 9,329 0.2 3,669 0.1 4,362 0.1
Sarakatsani3 6,128 0.2 7,251 0.2 3,075 0.1 2,866 0.0 2,085 0.0
Russians 1,685 0.0 3,275 0.2 2,505 0.2 9,080 0.2 19,706 0.4 11,928 0.2 13,200 0.2 10,551 0.1
Macedonians[41] - - - - - - 169,5442 2.4 187,7892 2.5
Others 15,602 0.2 13,199 0.2
Undeclared 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 -
Total 3,744,283 4,035,575 4,337,513 4,846,971 5,528,741 6,077,939 7,029,349 7,613,709
1 According to x files of the state, the number of the Romani was reduced by 25,000 in 1956.[42]

2 In the 1946 and the 1956 census, the population of Pirin Macedonia was forced to list as ethnic Macedonians by the Communist government in preparation of a planned federation between the People's Republic of Bulgaria and Socialist Yugoslavia, with "United Macedonia" as the connecting piece. The deal fell through, and the policy was eventually reversed in 1958.[43][44]

3 Note that the distinction between Sarakatsani and Greeks, and between Vlachs and both Aromanians and Romanians, is fluid. Sarakatsani were counted as Greeks in the 1900, 1920, 1926, 1934, and 1965 censuses.
Ethnic structure of the entire population (7,364,570) by most detailed cadastral division according to the 2011 census
Distribution of the ethnic groups by municipalities according to the 2011 census within those who answered the question (6,680,000)
Distribution of Turks according to the 2001 census
Population of Bulgaria according to ethnic group 1965-2001
Ethnic group census 1965 census 1975 census 19851 census 1992[45] census 2001[46]
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Bulgarians[40] 7,231,243 87.9 7,930,024 90.9 7,271,185 85.7 6,655,210 83.9
Turks[40] 780,928 9.5 730,728 8.4 800,052 9.4 746,664 9.4
Roma[40] 148,8742 1.8 18,3232 0.2 313,396 3.7 370,908 4.7
Armenians 20,282 0.2 14,526 0.2 13,677 0.2 10,832 0.1
Russians 10,815 0.1 17,139 0.2 15,595 0.2
"Vlachs"(Aromanians and Romanians) 5,159 0.1 10,566 0.1
Sarakatsani3 5,144 0.1 4,107 0.1
Ukrainians 1,864 0.0 2,489 0.0
Macedonians 9,632 0.1 10,803 0.1 5,071 0.1
Greeks 8,241 0.1 4,930 0.1 3,408 0.0
Jews 5,108 0.1 3,076 3,461 0.0 1,363 0.0
Romanians 2,491 0.0 1,088 0.0
Tatars 6,430 0.1 5,963 0.1 4,515 0.1 1,803 0.0
Gagauzes 1,478 0.0 540 0.0
Others 25,131 0.3 23,542 0.3 12,342 0.2
Undeclared 0 0 8,481 0.1 62,108 0.8
Unshown 0 0 0 24,807 0.3
Total 8,227,966 8,727,771 8,948,649 8,487,317 7,932,984
1No data collected about ethnic group in 1985 census.

2 There are strong indications that the number of ethnic Romani in the 1965 and 1975 census was manipulated.

3 Note that the distinction between Sarakatsani and Greeks, and between Vlachs and both Aromanians and Romanians, is fluid. Sarakatsani were counted as Greeks in the 1900, 1920, 1926, 1934, and 1965 censuses.
Population of Bulgaria according to ethnic group 2011-2021
Ethnic group census 2011[40] census 2021[47][48]
Number % (%)1 Number % (%)1
Bulgarians[40] 5,664,624 76.92 (84.79) 5,118,494 78.51 (84.57)
Turks[40] 588,318 7.99 (8.80) 508,378 7.80 (8.40)
Roma[40] 325,343 4.42 (4.87) 266,720 4.09 (4.41)
Russians 9,978 0.14 (0.15) 14,218 0.22 (0.23)
Armenians 6,552 0.09 (0.10) 5,306 0.08 (0.09)
"Vlachs" 3,684 0.05 (0.06) 1,643 0.03 (0.03)
Sarakatsani 2,556 0.03 (0.04) 2,071 0.03 (0.03)
Ukrainians 1,789 0.02 (0.03) 3,239 0.05 (0.05)
Macedonians 1,654 0.02 (0.02) 1,143 0.02 (0.02)
Greeks 1,379 0.02 (0.02) 1,625 0.02 (0.03)
Jews 1,162 0.02 (0.02) 1,153 0.02 (0.02)
Romanians 891 0.01 (0.01) 683 0.01 (0.01)
Tatars 1,129 0.2 (0.02)
Gagauzes 40 0.0 (0.00)
Others 19,659 0.27 (0.29) 40,9392 0.62 (0.68)
Undeclared 53,391 0.72 (0.80) 79,513 1.22 (1.31)
No return/Data borrowed
from administrative sources 		683,590 9.28 - 467,678 7.1 -
Total 7,364,570 6,519,789
1 Percentages in parentheses are calculated only based on the number of people who answered the ethnicity question (6,680,980 for 2011 and 6,052,111 for 2021) and do not cover people whose data has been collected from administrative databases.
1Includes, among other things, 2,894 Englishmen, 865 Italians, 824 Poles, etc. etc.

The following table shows the ethnic composition of all Provinces of Bulgaria according to the 2021 census:

Ethnic Affiliation in Bulgaria by Province in 2021[47][49]
Province Bulgarian Turkish Romani Other Undeclared Unknown1, 2
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Blagoevgrad Province 236,951 81.9 14,028 4.8 12,138 4.2 11,197 3.8 3,768 1.3 13,965 4.8
Burgas Province 280,388 73.7 47,286 12.4 14,893 3.9 5,992 1.6 5,805 1.5 25,922 6.8
Dobrich Province 109,041 72.6 18,835 12.5 10,118 6.8 2,035 1.4 1,304 1.3 8,813 5.9
Gabrovo Province 89,394 90.9 4,723 4.8 792 0.9 735 0.7 1,068 1.1 1,675 1.9
Haskovo Province 154,088 72.8 25,555 12.1 12,572 5.9 1,764 0.8 2,254 1.1 15,332 7.2
Kardzhali Province 37,383 26.5 83,280 59.0 1,354 1.0 2,130 1.5 4,909 3.5 12,121 8.6
Kyustendil Province 101,735 91.0 56 0.0 6,555 5.9 329 0.3 509 0.5 2,552 2.3
Lovech Province 103,484 88.9 2,789 2.4 4,999 4.3 407 0.3 2,202 1.9 2,513 2.2
Montana Province 99,539 83.0 136 1.1 13,130 10.9 381 0.3 984 0.8 5,780 4.8
Pazardzhik Province 184,677 80.4 6,782 3.0 14,320 6.2 4,686 2.0 2,189 1.0 17,160 7.5
Pernik Province 107,459 94.1 128 1.1 3,554 3.1 388 0.3 718 0.6 1,925 1.7
Pleven Province 200,197 88.5 5,367 2.4 6,999 3.1 937 0.4 1,829 0.8 10,791 4.8
Plovdiv Province 513,249 80.9 39,585 6.2 26,296 4.1 5,004 0.8 8,134 1.3 42,229 6.7
Razgrad Province 38,873 37.7 49,318 47.8 5,806 5.6 1,957 1.9 1,915 1.9 5,363 5.2
Ruse Province 148,845 76.9 23,958 12.4 7,041 3.6 2,060 1.1 2,315 1.2 9,264 4.8
Shumen Province 81,907 54.1 44,263 29.2 11,268 7.4 2,118 1.4 1,872 1.2 10,037 6.6
Silistra Province 51,579 52.8 34,392 35.7 5,244 5.4 694 0.7 793 0.8 5,068 5.2
Sliven Province 115,607 66.9 13,217 7.7 23,918 13.9 1,861 1.1 1,691 1.0 16,396 9.5
Smolyan Province 86,818 90.2 3,049 3.2 483 0.5 3,589 3.7 1,609 1.7 736 0.73
Sofia City 1,058,553 83.1 5,881 0.5 13,960 1.1 13,766 1.1 16,086 1.2 166,044 13.0
Sofia Province 204,662 88.2 342 1.7 11,380 4.9 742 0.3 1,459 0.6 13,404 5.8
Stara Zagora Province 239,770 80.9 12,170 4.1 18,158 6.1 2,465 0.8 2,929 1.0 21,015 7.1
Targovishte Province 46,455 47.3 34,279 34.9 5,980 6.1 2,828 2.9 2,091 2.1 6,061 6.2
Varna Province 352,886 81.6 25,678 5.9 9,634 2.2 7,664 1.8 6,187 1.4 30,149 7.0
Veliko Tarnovo Province 178,491 86.1 11,348 5.5 3,655 1.8 1,652 0.8 2,314 1.1 9,911 4.8
Vidin Province 68,143 90.4 65 0.0 5,055 6.7 345 0.5 306 0.4 1,494 2.0
Vratsa Province 137,587 90.0 424 0.3 10,132 6.6 444 0.3 1,629 1.1 2,587 1.7
Yambol Province 90,733 82.7 994 0.9 7,116 6.5 836 0.8 643 0.6 9,371 8.5
Republic of Bulgaria 5,118,494 78.5 508,378 7.8 266,720 4.1 79,006 1.2 79,513 1.2 467,678 7.2
1 The category pertains to citizens whose data has been collected from administrative databases.
2 The online stage of the 2021 Census was subjected to repeated Russian DDoS attacks.[50] As a result, much fewer citizens than expected, especially in major urban areas, were able to take the online census, and the number of hired census assessors proved inadequate to ensure full census coverage in most major cities. Thus, the City of Sofia had a record-high number of no returns, 166,044, or 35.5% of the country total, despite being home to only 19.5% of the population. Apart from the 5 largest cities, where this process was most pronounced, abnormally high numbers of administratively counted citizens have been noted in several medium and small cities with large Roma ghettoes in Southern Bulgaria, e.g., Sliven, Yambol, Straldzha, Nova Zagora, Pazardzhik, Peshtera, Ihtiman and Samokov, which raises doubts about the degree of census coverage. Thus, both ethnic Bulgarians and ethnic Roma may be slightly undercounted.
3 The province with most missing returns for 2011 (21.7%), Smolyan, had record-high participation in 2021, with only 736 or 0.7% missing returns.[49]

Languages

Main article: Languages of Bulgaria
Distribution of the mother tongues by municipalities according to the 2011 census
Distribution of languages of Bulgaria (2001) [51]
Bulgarian
 
 84.5%
Turkish
 
 9.6%
Roma (Gypsy)
 
 4.1%
others
 
 0.9%
undeclared
 
 0.9%
Population of Bulgaria according to mother tongue 1880–1892
Mother
tongue 		census 1880[52][53] census 1887[54] census 1892[55]
Number % Number % Number %
Bulgarian 1,345,507 67.0 2,326,250 73.7 2,505,326 75.7
Turkish/Gagauz 527,284 26.3 607,331 19.3 569,728 17.2
"Vlach" 49,070 2.4
Romanian 62,628 1.9
Roma 37,600 1.9 50,291 1.6 52,132 1.6
Ladino 14,020 0.7 27,531 0.8
Tatar 12,376 0.6 16,290 0.5
Greek 11,152 0.6 58,326 1.8 58,518 1.8
Armenian 3,837 6,445 0.2
Serbo-Croatian 1,894
Serbian 818
German/Yiddish 1,280
German 3,620
Russian 1,123 928
Albanian 530
Italian 515 803
Hungarian 220
Czech 174
French 164 356
Arab 97
Polish 92
English 64
Circassian 63
Persian 58
Others 402 4,425
Unknown 1,165
Total 2,007,919 3 154 375 3,310,713
Territory (km2) 63,752 95,223 95,223

The 2001 census defines an ethnic group as a "community of people, related to each other by origin and language, and close to each other by mode of life and culture"; and one's mother tongue as "the language a person speaks best and usually uses for communication in the family (household)".[56] According to the 2011 census, among the Bulgarians 99.4% indicate Bulgarian as a mother tongue, 0.3% - Turkish/Balkan gagauz, 0.1% - Roma and 0.1% others; among Turks 96.6% have pointed the Turkish/Balkan Gagauz as a mother tongue and 3.2% - Bulgarian; among the Roma 85% indicate Roma language as a mother tongue, 7.5% - Bulgarian, 6.7% - Turkish/Balkan gagauz and 0.6% - Romanian.

Religion

Main article: Religion in Bulgaria

Bulgaria's traditional religion according to the constitution is the Orthodox Christianity, while Bulgaria is a secular state too. Since the last two censuses (2001 and 2011) provide widely divergent results, they are both shown in the table below. It is noteworthy that over a fifth of the population chose not to respond to this question in the 2011 census.

Religious structure of Bulgaria according to the 2011 census.
Muslim areas in Bulgaria according to the 2001 census
2001[57] 2011[7][58]
Orthodox Christian 82.6% 59.4%
Muslim 12.2% 7.8% (7.4% Sunni; 0.4% Shia)
Catholic 0.6% 0.7%
Protestant 0.5% 0.9%
Other 0.2% 0.15%
None 3.9% 9.3%
No response - 21.8%

The results of the Bulgarian 2011 Census, in which the indication of answer regarding the question for confession was optional, are as follows:[59]

Group Population % of declared % of total
Orthodoxy 4,374,135 76.0% 59.4%
Undeclared 1,606,269 - 21.8%
Irreligion 682,162 11.8% 9.3%
Islam 577,139 10.0% 7.8%
Protestantism 64,476 1.1% 0.9%
Roman Catholicism 48,945 0.8% 0.7%
Oriental Orthodoxy 1,715 0.0% 0.0%
Jews 706 0.0% 0.0%
Others 9,023 0.2% 0.1%
Figure of percentage - 5,758,301 7,364,570
Municipalities where the prevalence is Bulgarian Muslim according to the 2001 census

The results of the Bulgarian 2001 Census by ethnic groups, the latest census in which the indication of identification (whether by confession or as irreligious) in the question for confession was obligatory, are as follows:[60][61]

Ethnic groups
by confession 		Total Bulgarians Turks Roma Others
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Orthodoxy 6,552,751 82.6 6,315,938 94.9 5,425 0.7 180,326 48.6 51,062
Islam 966,978 12.2 131,531 2.0 713,024 95.5 103,436 27.9 18,987
Irreligion 308,116 3.9 151,008 2.3 23,146 3.1 59,669 16.1
Roman Catholicism 43,811 0.6 37,811 0.6 2,561 0.3
Protestantism 42,308 0.5 14,591 0.2 2,066 0.3 24,651 6.6 1,000
Others 14,937 0.2 4,331 0.1 442 0.1
Total population 7,928,901 100.0 6,655,210 100.0 746,664 100.0 370,908 100.0 100.0
Population of Bulgaria according to religion 1900 - 2021
Religion census 1900 census 1910 census 1920 census 1926 census 1934 census 1992 census 2001 census 2011 census 2021
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Orthodoxy 3,019,999 80.6 3,643,918 84.0 4,062,097 83.8 4,569,074 83.4 5,128,890 84.4 7,274,592 85.7 6,552,751 82.6 4,374,135 59.4 4,091,780 62.8
Islam 643,300 17.2 602,078 13.8 690,734 14.2 789,296 14.4 821,298 13.5 1,110,295 13.0 966,978 12.2 577,139 7.8 638,708 9.8
Protestantism 4,524 0.1 6,335 0.1 5,617 0.1 6,735 0.1 8,371 0.1 21,878 0.2 42,308 0.5 64,476 1.1 69,852 1.7
Roman Catholicism 28,569 0.8 32,150 0.7 34,072 0.7 40,347 0.7 45,704 0.7 53,074 0.6 43,811 0.5 48,945 0.8 38,709 0.9
Jews 33,663 0.9 40,067 0.9 43,232 0.9 46,431 0.8 48,398 0.8 2,580 0.0 706 0.0 1,736 0.0
Armenian Apostolic Church 13,809 0.4 12,259 0.3 10,848 0.2 25,402 0.5 23,476 0.4 9,672 0.1 1,715 0.0 5,002 0.1
Others 326 0.0 14,937 0.2 9,023 0.2 6,451 0.1
Irreligion 682,162 9.3 305,102 4.7
Undeclared 93 0.0 308,116 3.9 1,606,269 21.8 1,348,522 20.7
Total 3,744,283 4,337,513 4,846,971 5,478,741 6,077,939 8,487,317 7,928,901 7,364,570 6,519,789

Migration

Main article: Immigration to Bulgaria

The first censuses of the Principality of Bulgaria and the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia in 1880 recorded 31,786 and 17,970 Bulgarian refugees from Macedonia and Ottoman Thrace, respectively, who accounted for 1.38% of the population of the Principality an 2.20% of the population of the autonomous province, respectively.[62][63][64] The census of the Principality also counted a total of 37,635 people, or 1.88% of the population, born in a country other than the Ottoman Empire, mostly Bulgarians from Romania, Northern Dobruja and Bessarabia.[62] By 1887, when the first joint census of the Principality and the autonomous province was conducted following their peaceful unification in 1885, the number of the refugees from the Ottoman Empire had grown to 54,462 people, or 1.73% of the population, while the rest of the foreign-born population had fallen to 31,637 people, 9,831 of whom born in the Russian Empire, 11,843 in Romania, 2,690 in Serbia and 7,273 elsewhere.[65]

According to the 1910 census, 300,000 or almost 10% of the ethnic Bulgarians were born in another Bulgarian municipality than the one they were enumerated in. The same data shows that the foreign-born ethnic Bulgarians numbered 78,000, or 2% of them, most numerous of whom were the 61,000 Ottoman-born, 9,000 Romanian-born and by less than 2,000 Austro-Hungarian, Serbian and Russian-born.[66] By the 1926 census, there had been 253,000 refugees with granted households and land or citizenship but with many more in towns of uncertain number. 35% came from Eastern Thrace, 30% came from Greek Macedonia, another 18% from Western Thrace, 8% from Dobruja, 4% from the Western Outlands, 3% from Asia Minor, and 2% from North Macedonia. They constituted 6% of the country's population. In 1940, 70,000 Bulgarians were exchanged from Northern Dobruja. The total number of refugees in 1878-1940 is estimated at between 700,000 and 1,200,000.[67]

  • Percentage of Bulgarians born in a different municipality of Bulgaria calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians in 1910
    Percentage of Bulgarians born in a different municipality of Bulgaria calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians in 1910
  • Percentage of foreign-born Bulgarians calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians in 1910
    Percentage of foreign-born Bulgarians calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians in 1910
  • Percentage of Bulgarians born in Greek Macedonia and North Macedonia in 1946 calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians
    Percentage of Bulgarians born in Greek Macedonia and North Macedonia in 1946 calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians
  • Part of the Bulgarians born in East Thrace, West Thrace and Asia Minor in 1946 calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians
    Part of the Bulgarians born in East Thrace, West Thrace and Asia Minor in 1946 calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians
  • Part of the Bulgarians born in Northern Dobruja, Romania and Serbia in 1946 calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians
    Part of the Bulgarians born in Northern Dobruja, Romania and Serbia in 1946 calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians
  • Foreign born as a part of the ethnic Bulgarians in 1946
    Foreign born as a part of the ethnic Bulgarians in 1946

According to the 2011 census Russian citizens are the most numerous foreigners - 11 991, followed by 8 444 EU citizens (UK- 2 605, Greece - 1 253, Germany- 848, Poland - 819 and Italy - 456), citizens of Ukraine - 3 064, North Macedonia - 1 091, Moldova - 893 and Serbia - 569. 22.8% of them are from Asia, mostly from Turkey. Those with dual Bulgarian and other citizenship were 22 152, or 0.3% of the population. Of them persons with Bulgarian and Russian citizenship were 5 257 (23.7%), followed by persons with Bulgarian and Turkish citizenship - 4 282 (19.3%), Bulgarian and citizenship of the USA- 1 725 (7.8%). There are at least 17,527 Refugees of the Syrian Civil War with applications in Bulgaria. In 2001-2015 185,447 people applied for Bulgarian citizenship and 116,222 were provided with. 113,647 were granted on grounds of proven Bulgarian ancestry, including 59,968 North Macedonia citizens. 29,218 were Moldovan citizens, 5930 Ukrainians, 5374 Serbians, 5194 Russians, 3840 Israeli, 2192 Albanians, 692 Turks and others.[68] In 2016, 12,880 foreigners were naturalized, including 6196 Macedonians.[69]

Nationality 2011[70] 2021
Number % Number %
Bulgaria Bulgarians 7,327,847 99.50% 6,459,248 99.07%
Foreigners 36,723 0.50% 60,541 0.93%
European Union EU-27 8,444 0.11% 10,549 0.16%
Other European 18,413 0.15% 35,901 0.55%
Africa 429 0.01% 940 0.01%
Central and South America 338 0.00% 518 0.01%
North America 588 0.01% 776 0.01%
Asia 8,403 0.11% 10,466 0.16%
Oceania 62 0.00% 88 0.00%
Stateless 46 0.00% 1,303 0.02%
Total 7,364,570 6,519,789

Population by country of birth:[71]

2011 2013 2015 2019[72]
European Union Bulgaria 7,290,666 7,188,273 7,077,389 6,951,482
Total foreign-born 78,621 96,113 123,803 168,516
 Russia 18,725 19,533 24,416 31,679
 Turkey 3,955 6,227 9,284 11,702
 Syria 1,250 1,298 8,318 14,080
European Union Greece 4,928 7,377 7,166 8,563
 Ukraine 5,877 6,084 7,039 10,115
European Union Germany 2,083 3,638 5,533 9,334
 UK 3,042 5,066 6,738 9,992
European Union Spain 1,558 4,065 5,240 7,098
European Union Romania 6,045 5,380 4,612 4,556
European Union Italy 1,082 2,261 2,830 3,790
 North Macedonia 2,426 2,384 2,742 3,595
 USA 1,180 2,023 2,431 3,153
 Moldova 1,893 1,996 2,363 2,990
 Serbia 2,306 2,246 2,318 2,879
 Azerbaijan 2,152 1,871 1,886 2,103
European Union France 562 1,255 1,781 2,614
European Union Poland 1,196 1,443 1,648 2,043
 Armenia 1,472 1,422 1,565 1,840
 Kazakhstan 970 1,067 1,515 2,101
European Union Belgium 410 1,009 1,481 2,199
 China 860 929 1,236 1,447
European Union Czech Republic 924 1,028 1,186 1,514
European Union Austria 1,512
 Albania 1,134 1,078 1,130 1,348
European Union Netherlands 298 735 1,040 1,522
European Union Cyprus 244 679 1,008 1,372
Unknown 144 166 1,006

Foreigners by nationality:

2011 2015
Total 36,723 65,622
 Russia 11,991 17,943
 Turkey 2,741 8,157
 Syria 729 7,508
 Ukraine 3,064 3,874
 UK 2,605 3,693
Unknown 2,538
European Union Greece 1,253 2,094
Stateless 1,875
 North Macedonia 1,091 1,289
European Union Germany 848 1,266
 Armenia 1,167 1,175
 China 749 1,147
 Moldova 893 1,018
European Union Poland 819 978
 USA 876
European Union Italy 456 815
 Serbia 569 813
 Iraq 706 806
 Kazakhstan 712

Age structure

0–14 years: Decrease 13.2%
15–65 years: Increase 68.3%
65 years and over: Increase 18.5% (Census 2011)[7]

At the 2011 census the largest decadal age group of the identified as Romani people is the 0–9 years old or 21% of them, the same age group accounted for 10% of the Turks and 7% of the Bulgarians.[73] Experts estimate that the Romani in some provinces make up 40% of all aged between 0 and 9 years.[74] Amongst those who did not answer the question on ethnic group lowest is the share of people aged 60+ years.

Children aged up to nine years old by ethnic structure per province(% from the declared)
Province Ethnicity Ethnicity Ethnicity
Bulgarian Turkish Roma
Bulgaria 72.9% 10.6% 12.0%
Blagoevgrad Province 80.9% 7.3% 7.8%
Burgas Province 68.5% 16.2% 9.7%
Dobrich Province 56.9% 17.1% 18.9%
Gabrovo Province 85.0% 8.2% 3.8%
Haskovo Province 62.7% 16.5% 16.7%
Kardzhali Province 23.8% 67.8% 2.7%
Kyustendil Province 79.4% 0.0% 16.1%
Lovech Province 78.0% 3.6% 14.8%
Montana Province 66.8% 0.1% 29.0%
Pazardzhik Province 67.3% 8.7% 16.7%
Pernik Province 90.3% 0.1% 7.5%
Pleven Province 78.5% 4.4% 13.5%
Plovdiv Province 74.1% 9.3% 11.9%
Razgrad Province 33.9% 50.0% 10.2%
Ruse Province 72.2% 15.1% 8.9%
Shumen Province 45.5% 31.5% 17.6%
Silistra Province 38.2% 43.1% 14.4%
Sliven Province 55.0% 11.6% 28.3%
Smolyan Province 87.6% 5.0% 1.9%
Sofia City 92.2% 0.5% 3.6%
Sofia Province 77.1% 0.2% 18.8%
Stara Zagora Province 68.3% 7.3% 19.9%
Targovishte Province 39.6% 38.0% 15.5%
Varna Province 79.2% 8.9% 7.0%
Veliko Tarnovo Province 79.9% 11.0% 4.4%
Vidin Province 74.3% 0.1% 20.6%
Vratsa Province 80.3% 0.4% 15.6%
Yambol Province 62.4% 5.8% 26.7%
Source (2011 census):[40]

% ethnic declaration of total population aged 0-9 (2011 census)[73][75]

  Bulgarians (62.0%)
  unanswered (14.9%)
  Romani (10.2%)
  Turks (9.0%)
  No identity (3.4%)
  Other (0.5%)

Bulgarian children constitute the majority of all children in 23 out of 28 provinces. They constitute more than ninety percent of all children in two provinces: Sofia (city) (92%) and Pernik Province (90%).

Turkish children constitute the majority in Kardzhali Province (68% of self-declared) and Razgrad Province (50% of self-declared); they also constitute the largest group of all children in Silistra Province (43%).

Roma children constitute 12% of all children in Bulgaria and more than a quarter in three provinces: Montana (29%), Sliven (28%) and Yambol (27%).

Bulgaria is ageing rapidly, especially in some remote rural areas.

Age Structure (2011)
Under working age (0 – 17) Working age (18 – 64) Above working age (65 and over)
1 172 208 (16.0%) 4 789 967 (65.1%) 1 389 059 (18.9%)
Age Structure (2017)[76]
Under working age (0 – 17) Working age (18 – 64) Above working age (65 and over)
1 065 993 (15.1%) 4 248 503 (60.3%) 1 735 538 (24.6%)

The ageing of the population leads to an increase of the median age. The median age is 43.6 as of 2017, up from 40.4 years in 2001.[77]

Education

Main article: Education in Bulgaria
Map of Romani students in schools in Bulgaria
Chart of completed degrees by ethnic groups in Bulgaria

% of the native language of children in 1st grade in 2011[78]

  Bulgarian (52%)
  another language (48%)

Over 98% of the population is literate, the males being more literate than the females.

According to the 2011 census, about 112,778 people aged nine or more are illiterate. There are considerable differences in the share of illiterate persons amongst the three main ethnic groups. Amongst the Bulgarian ethnic group the share of illiterate is 0.5%, amongst the Turkish - 4.7% and amongst the Roma ethnic group - 11.8%.[79] About 81 thousand people aged seven or more never visited school.[80]

Unemployment

Chart of unemployment and poverty rate by ethnic groups

The median unemployment for the country in 2011 was 10.1%.

The number of unemployed people declined to 207 thousand people (or around 6.2% of the population) in 2017.[81]

Most unemployed people are aged 15 to 24 years old.

The unemployment rate in rural areas (around 10.0%) is nearly two times higher than the unemployment rate in urban areas (approximately 5.1%).

Vidin Province has the highest unemployment rate with almost one fifth of its labour force being unemployed. The provinces of Shumen (15.9%), Silistra (12.5%) and Targovishte (12.4%) have also very high unemployment rates.

Other statistics

Home ownership

According to Eurostat, 82.3% per cent of the population live in privately owned and owner-occupied homes, ranking it as 12th highest in ownership globally.[82] It is down from a recent peak of 87.6% in 2008, and has been steadily falling since.[82]

Internet penetration

The number of Internet users has increased rapidly since 2000—from 430,000 their number grew to 1.55 million in 2004, and 3.4 million (48 per cent penetration rate) in 2010.[83] Bulgaria has the third-fastest average Broadband Internet speed in the world after South Korea and Romania with an average speed of 1,611 kbit/s.[84][85]

Mobile phone adoption

Currently there are three active mobile phone operators—Mtel, Telenor and Vivacom, Mtel is the largest one with 5.2 million users as of 2010,[86] Telenor has 3,9 million as of 2007 and Vivacom over 1 million[citation needed].

HIV

Bulgaria's HIV rate is among the lowest in the world, being 0.1% or 3,800 infected as of 2009.[citation needed]

Urbanization

See also: List of cities and towns in Bulgaria

Most Bulgarians (72.5 per cent) reside in urban areas. Approximately one-sixth of them live in Sofia, which has a population exceeding 1,200,000 people.

Urban population: Increase 5,338,261 or 72.5% of total population (Census 2011)[7]
Rural: 2,026,309 or 27.5%
Rate of urbanization: -0.3% annual rate of change (2005–10 est.)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.

References

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