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|population_footnotes = [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]
|population_footnotes = [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]
|population_note =
|population_note =
|population_total = 810,064
|population_total = 810064
|population_metro = 1,583,331
|population_urban = 1,175,000 to 1,564,145
|population_metro = 1,705,742 to 2,300,000
|population_est =
|population_est =
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_as_of =
|population_density_km2 = 6016
|population_density_km2 = auto
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'''Valencia''' ({{lang-va|València}}) is the [[Capital (political)|capital]] and most populous city of the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous Community]] of [[Valencian Community|Valencia]] and the [[List of municipalities of Spain|third largest city]] in [[Spain]], with a population of 810,064 in 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute) |publisher=Ine.es |date=2001-05-28 |accessdate=2009-05-06}}</ref>. It is the [[Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits|22nd-most populous municipality]] in the [[European Union]] and [[Largest urban areas of the European Union|35th-most populous urban area]] in the European Union with a population of 1,175,000<ref>[http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf Demographia: World Urban Areas]</ref>. 1.7 million people live in the Valencia metropolitan area<ref>[http://alarcos.inf-cr.uclm.es/per/fruiz/pobesp/dat/arc/areas-pob.xls Datos de áreas urbanas en 2006] según el proyecto [http://alarcos.inf-cr.uclm.es/per/fruiz/audes5/ AUDES5]</ref><ref>[http://alarcos.inf-cr.uclm.es/per/fruiz/pobesp/dat/arc/conurbaciones.xls Conurbaciones en 2006] según el proyecto [http://alarcos.inf-cr.uclm.es/per/fruiz/audes5/ AUDES5]</ref>.
'''Valencia''' ({{lang-va|València}}) is the [[Capital (political)|capital]] and most populous city of the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous Community]] of [[Valencian Community|Valencia]] and the [[List of municipalities of Spain|third largest city]] in [[Spain]], with a population of 810,064 in 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute) |publisher=Ine.es |date=2001-05-28 |accessdate=2009-05-06}}</ref>. It is the [[Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits|22nd-most populous municipality]] in the [[European Union]] and [[Largest urban areas of the European Union|35th-most populous urban area]] in the European Union with a population of 1,175,000<ref>[http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf Demographia: World Urban Areas]</ref> or 1,564,145<ref>[[Eurostat]] - [[Larger Urban Zones]]: [http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityProfiles.aspx Urban Audit.org]</ref>. 1,705,742<ref>Valencia (1,583,331) and [[Sagunto]] (122,411)</ref><ref>[http://alarcos.inf-cr.uclm.es/per/fruiz/pobesp/dat/arc/areas-pob.xls Datos de áreas urbanas en 2006] según el proyecto [http://alarcos.inf-cr.uclm.es/per/fruiz/audes5/ AUDES5]</ref><ref>[http://alarcos.inf-cr.uclm.es/per/fruiz/pobesp/dat/arc/conurbaciones.xls Conurbaciones en 2006] según el proyecto [http://alarcos.inf-cr.uclm.es/per/fruiz/audes5/ AUDES5]</ref> or 2,300,000<ref>[[Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development]], ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=kBsfY-Pe2Q4C Competitive Cities in the Global Economy]'', OECD Territorial Reviews, (OECD Publishing, 2006), Table 1.1</ref> people live in the Valencia metropolitan area.


It forms part of an industrial area on the [[Costa del Azahar]]. Its main festival, the [[Falles|Fallas]] (Falles in Valencian), has a reputation throughout Spain, while the world famous Spanish dish [[paella]] originated around Valencia.
It forms part of an industrial area on the [[Costa del Azahar]]. Its main festival, the [[Falles|Fallas]] (Falles in Valencian), has a reputation throughout Spain, while the world famous Spanish dish [[paella]] originated around Valencia.

Revision as of 14:48, 3 October 2009

This article is about the city in Spain. For Valencia (disambiguation), see Valencia (disambiguation).
Valencia
València
Flag of Valencia
Flag
Coat of arms of Valencia
Coat of arms
Country Spain
Autonomous CommunityCommunidad Valenciana
ProvinceValencia
ComarcaValencia
Founded137 BC
Districts
List
  • Ciutat Vella
  • Eixample
  • Extramurs
  • Campanar
  • Saïdia
  • Pla del Real
  • Olivereta
  • Patraix
  • Jesús
  • Quatre Carreres
  • Poblados Marítimos
  • Caminos al Grao
  • Algirós
  • Benimaclet
  • Poblados del Norte
  • Poblados del Oeste
  • Poblados del Sur
Government
 • TypeAyuntamiento
 • MayorRita Barberá Nolla (PP)
Area
 • City134.65 km2 (51.99 sq mi)
Elevation
15 m (49 ft)
Population
 (2008)INE
 • City810,064
 • Density6,000/km2 (16,000/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,175,000 to 1,564,145
 • Metro
1,705,742 to 2,300,000
Time zoneCET (GMT +1)
 • Summer (DST)CEST (GMT +2)
Postcode
46000-46080
ISO 3166-2ES-V
Websitehttp://www.valencia.es

Valencia (Valencian: València) is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain, with a population of 810,064 in 2008[1]. It is the 22nd-most populous municipality in the European Union and 35th-most populous urban area in the European Union with a population of 1,175,000[2] or 1,564,145[3]. 1,705,742[4][5][6] or 2,300,000[7] people live in the Valencia metropolitan area.

It forms part of an industrial area on the Costa del Azahar. Its main festival, the Fallas (Falles in Valencian), has a reputation throughout Spain, while the world famous Spanish dish paella originated around Valencia.

The city contains a dense monumental heritage (including the Lonja de la Seda (World Heritage Site since 1996), but its landmark is undoubtedly the City of Arts and Sciences an avant-garde and futuristic museum complex.

Name

The original Latin name of the city was Valentia (/wa'lentia/), meaning "strength", "valour", the city being named for the roman practice of recognizing the valour of former Roman soldiers after a war. The Roman historian Titus Livius (Livy) explains that the foundation of Valentia in the 2nd century BC was due to the settling of the Roman soldiers who fought against Iberian local rebel Viriatus.

During the rule of the Muslim Empires in Spain, it was known as بلنسية (Balansiya) in Arabic.

By regular sound changes, this has become Valencia (/ba'lenθja/) in Spanish [8] and València (/va'ɫɛnsia/) in Valencian/Catalan. The Valencian pronunciation in the local dialect (in Valencian) is /ba'ɫensia/.

History

On 9 July 2006, during Mass at Valencia's Cathedral, Our Lady of the Forsaken Basilica, Pope Benedict XVI used, at the World Day of Families, the Santo Caliz, a 1st-century Middle-Eastern artifact believed by many to be the Holy Grail. It was supposedly brought to that church by Emperor Valerian in the 3rd century, after having been brought from Jerusalem by St. Peter to Rome. The Santo Caliz ("Holy Chalice") is a simple, small stone cup. Its base was added in medieval times and consists of fine gold, alabaster, and gem stones.[9]

Valencia was selected in 2003 to host the historic America's Cup yacht race becoming the first European city to do so. The America's Cup matches took place in summer 2007. On 3 July 2007, Alinghi defeated Team New Zealand, and successfully defended the America's Cup. 22 days later, on 25 July 2007, the leaders of the Alinghi syndicate, holder of the America's Cup, officially announced that Valencia would be the host city for the 33rd America's Cup, held in June 2009.[10]

Architecture

The ancient winding streets of the Barrio del Carmen contain buildings dating to Roman and Arabic times. The Cathedral, built between the 13th and 15th century, is primarily of Gothic style but contains elements of Baroque and Romanesque architecture. Beside the Cathedral is the Gothic Basilica of the Virgin (Basílica De La Virgen De Los Desamparados). The 15th century Serrano and Quart towers are part of what was once the wall surrounding the city.

UNESCO has recognised the Late Gothic silk exchange (La Lonja de la Seda) as a World Heritage Site.[11] The modernist Central Market (Mercado Central) is one of the largest in Europe. The main railway station Estación Del Norte is built in modernisme (the Spanish version of Art Nouveau) style.

World-renowned (and city-born) architect Santiago Calatrava produced the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), which contains an opera house/performing arts centre, a science museum, an IMAX cinema/planetarium, an oceanographic park and other structures such as a long covered walkway and restaurants. Calatrava is also responsible for the bridge named after him in the center of the city. The Music Palace (Palau De La Música) is another good example of modern architecture in Valencia.

The Cathedral of Valencia

The cathedral was called Iglesia Mayor in the early days of the Reconquista, then Seo (from Latin sedes, i.e. (archiepiscopal) see), and in virtue of the papal concession of 16 October 1866, it was called the Basilica metropolitana. It is situated in the centre of the ancient Roman city where some believe the temple of Diana stood. In Gothic times, it seems to have been dedicated to the most Holy Saviour; the Cid dedicated it to the Blessed Virgin; King Jaime the Conqueror did likewise, leaving in the main chapel the image of the Blessed Virgin which he carried with him and which is believed to be the one which is now preserved in the sacristy. The Moorish mosque, which had been converted into a Christian church by the conqueror, appeared unworthy of the title of the cathedral of Valencia, and in 1262 Bishop Andrés de Albalat laid the cornerstone of the new Gothic building, with three naves; these reach only to the choir of the present building. Bishop Vidal de Blanes built the magnificent chapter hall, and Jaime de Aragón added the tower, called "Miguelete" because it was blessed on St. Michael's day in 1418, which is about 166 feet (51 m) high and finished at the top with a belfry.

In the fifteenth century the dome was added and the naves extended back of the choir, uniting the building to the tower and forming a main entrance. Archbishop Luis Alfonso de los Cameros began the building of the main chapel in 1674; the walls were decorated with marbles and bronzes in the over-ornate style of that decadent period. At the beginning of the eighteenth century the German Conrad Rudolphus built the façade of the main entrance. The other two doors lead into the transept; one, that of the Apostles in pure pointed Gothic, dates from the fourteenth century, the other is that of the Paláu. The additions made to the back of the cathedral detract from its height. The eighteenth century-restoration rounded the pointed arches, covered the Gothic columns with Corinthian pillars, and redecorated the walls. The dome has no lantern, its plain ceiling being pierced by two large side windows. There are four chapels on either side, besides that at the end and those that open into the choir, the transept, and the presbyterium. It contains many paintings by eminent artists. A magnificent silver reredos, which was behind the altar, was carried away in the war of 1808, and converted into coin to meet the expenses of the campaign. Behind the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament is a beautiful little Renaissance chapel built by Calixtus III. Beside the cathedral is the chapel dedicated to the "Virgen de los desamparados".

In 1409, a hospital was founded and placed under the patronage of Santa María de los Inocentes; to this was attached a confraternity devoted to recovering the bodies of the unfriended dead in the city and within a radius of three miles (5 km) around it. At the end of the fifteenth century this confraternity separated from the hospital, and continued its work under the name of "Cofradia para el ámparo de los desamparados". King Philip IV of Spain and the Duke of Arcos suggested the building of the new chapel, and in 1647 the Viceroy, Conde de Oropesa, who had been preserved from the bubonic plague, insisted on carrying out their project. The Blessed Virgin was proclaimed patroness of the city under the title of "Virgen de los desamparados" 'Virgin of the abandonees', and Archbishop Pedro de Urbina, on 31 June, 1652, laid the corner-stone of the new chapel of this name. The archiepiscopal palace, a grain market in the time of the Moors, is simple in design, with an inside cloister and a handsome chapel. In 1357 the arch which connects it with the cathedral was built. In the council chamber are preserved the portraits of all the prelates of Valencia.

The Hemispheric at the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències (Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias) by Santiago Calatrava, Valencia, Spain

Among the parish churches those deserving special mention are: Saints John (Baptist and Evangelist), rebuilt in 1368, whose dome, decorated by Palonino, contains some of the best frescoes of Spain; El Templo 'the Temple', the ancient church of the Knights Templar, which passed into the hands of the Order of Montesa and which was rebuilt in the reigns of Ferdinand VI and Charles III; the former convent of the Dominicans, at present the headquarters of the "capital general", the cloister of which has a beautiful Gothic wing and the chapter room, large columns imitating palm trees; the Colegio del Corpus Christi, which is devoted to the exclusive worship of the Blessed Sacrament, and in which perpetual adoration is carried on; the Jesuit college, which was destroyed (1868) by the revolutionary Committee, but rebuilt on the same site; the Colegio de San Juan (also of the Society), the former college of the nobles, now a provincial institute for secondary instruction.

Squares and gardens

Town Hall

The largest square is the Plaça de l'Ajuntament, which contains the town hall (ajuntament), a cinema which shows classic movies (La Filmoteca), and many restaurants and bars. This is where the noisy fireworks of the mascletà can be heard every afternoon during the Las Fallas.

The Plaça de la Verge contains the Basilica of the Virgin and the Turia fountain, and is a popular spot for locals and tourists. Around the corner is the Plaça de la Reina, with the Cathedral, orange trees, and many bars and restaurants.

The Turia River was diverted in the 1960s, after severe flooding, and the old river bed is now the Turia gardens, which contain a children’s playground, a fountain, and sports fields. The Palau de la Música is adjacent to the Turia gardens and the City of Arts and Sciences lies at one end.

Other gardens in Valencia include the Real, Monforte, and Botanical gardens.

Famous people born in Valencia and Valencia province

Mayor Rita Barberá in 2008.

Economy

Valencia has enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry. [citation needed] Air Nostrum, a regional airline, is headquartered in Valencia.[12]

Port

Monastery of Sant Miquel dels Reis (Saint Michael of the Kings), Valencia

Valencia’s port is the biggest on the Mediterranean Western coast,[13] the first of Spain in Container Traffic as 2008[14] and the second of Spain[15] in total traffic, handling 20% of Spain’s exports.[16] The main exports are food and drink (the Valencian region is famous for its oranges), furniture, ceramic tiles, fans, textiles and iron products. Valencia’s manufacturing sector focuses on metallurgy, chemicals, textiles, shipbuilding and brewing. Unemployment is lower than the Spanish average. Small and medium sized industries are an important part of the local economy.

Following the announcement that the 32nd America's Cup would be held in Valencia in 2007, the port underwent radical changes in which the port was divided into two parts, one part remaining unchanged while the other section would be used exclusively for the America's Cup festivities. The two sections are now divided by a wall that goes deep into the water in an attempt to maintain clean water for the America's Cup side.

Tourism

Formerly an industrial city, Valencia saw rapid development that started in the mid-1990s, expanding its cultural and touristic possibilities, which turned it into a vibrant city, restoring old landmarks like the old Towers of the medieval city (Serrano Towers and Quart Towers), monasteries like the San Miguel de los Reyes monastery, which now holds a specialized library, the whole Malvarrosa beach, with the construction of a 4 km (2 mi) long paseo or complete quarters, like the old Carmen Quarter, which has seen extensive renovation.

Another appealing feature of the city is its numerous convention centres, like the Valencia Fair (Feria de Valencia), the Conference Palace (Palau de Congressos) and several 5 star hotels.

The first America's Cup competitions took place in June and July 2005 and were key attractions during the summer of 2005. According to official data from the organizing committee, as many as 150,000 visitors flocked to Valencia's port each day during the two-week events. [citation needed]

Demographics

One notable demographic change in Valencia in the last decade has been the growth in the foreign born population which has risen from 1.5% in the year 2000 [17] to 15.1% in 2009,[18] a trend that has also occurred in the two larger cities of Madrid and Barcelona[19] The main countries of origin were Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Morocco and Romania.[20] Between 2007 and 2008 there was a 14% increase in the foreign born population with the largest numeric increases by country being from Bolivia, Romania and Italy.

Climate

The climate is Mediterranean with mild winters and hot summers. Its average annual temperature is 17.8°C (64 °F): 22.3°C (72 °F) during the day and 13.3°C (56 °F) at night. In the coldest month - January, the average sea temperature is 13-14°C (55-57°F). In the warmest month - August, the typically temperature during the day ranges from 28-34°C (82-93°F), above 23°C (73°F) at night, the average sea temperature is 28°C (82°F).

Average number of days above 21°C (70°F) is 200, average number of days above 32°C (90°F) is 11 (1 in June, 4 in July, 4 in August and 2 in September). Average morning relative humidity: 82%, evening relative humidity: 55%[21]. Sunshine hours is till 2,594 per year, from 150 in November (5 hours of sunshine every day) to 310 in August (10 hours of sunshine every day)[22].

Climate data for Valencia
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Source: World Meteorological Organization (UN)[23]

Culture

File:Valenciakids.jpg
Children walking to school in Valencia

Valencia is known for Las Fallas, which is a famous local festival held in March, for paella valenciana, traditional Valencian ceramics, intricate traditional dress, and the striking new architecture of the City of Arts and Sciences designed by its own son, architect Santiago Calatrava.

La Tomatina, an annual tomato fight, draws crowds to the nearby town of Buñol in August. There are also a number of well preserved Catholic fiestas throughout the year. Holy week celebrations in Valencia are considered the most colourful in Spain. Valencia has a metro system, the Valencia Metro.

Valencia is also famous for its football club Valencia C.F., which won the Spanish league in 2002 and 2004 (in which year it also won the UEFA Cup), and was also a UEFA Champions League runner-up in 2000 and 2001, it is one of the most famous football clubs in Spain and Internationally. Its city rival Levante UD currently plays in the second division.

Valencia is the current location of the Formula One European Grand Prix, first hosting the event on August 24 2008. The city will host the event until at least 2014.

Languages

The two official languages spoken in the city are Valencian and Spanish. Due to political and demographic pressure in the past, the predominant language is Spanish, but Valencian is predominant in most of the surrounding metropolitan area and province of Valencia.[24] In fact the government weakly emphasizes the usage of the local language. It does this, for example, by posting all signs and announcements of the Metro in Valencian and Spanish translations in smaller type underneath. Valencian is also used when naming streets. New street signs, when erected, are always given the Valencian name for street (Carrer). However the older street names bearing the Spanish names are only replaced when necessary. This results in a situation where in longer streets both languages can often be seen on street signs.

Nightlife

Valencia is famous for its vibrant nightlife. In the 1980s and 1990s the town was famous for the so called ruta del bakalao. [citation needed] Today, the more alternative/bohemian bars and nightclubs are concentrated in the Carmen, while the student nightlife is found around Blasco Ibáñez and Benimaclet, the more mainstream weekend nightlife has its clusters in the areas of Cánovas and Joan Llorens. In the summer, there is also nightlife on the beach and at the Port. Agua de Valencia is the city's unofficial cocktail.

Food

Valencia is famous for its wonderful gastronomic culture. Paella – a simmered rice dish that includes seafood or meat (chicken and rabbit), horchata, fartons, buñuelos, Spanish omelette, rosquilletas and squid (calamares) are some examples of typical Valencian foods.

Museums

Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia
The IMAX 3D-cinema L'Hemisfèric.
  • Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències City of Arts and Sciences
    The City of Arts and Sciences was designed by the Valencian architect Santiago Calatrava. It is situated in the former Túria river-bed and comprises the following monuments:
  • Museu de Prehistòria de València Prehistory Museum of Valencia
  • Museu Valencià d'Etnologia Valencian Museum of Ethnology
  • House Museum Blasco Ibáñez
  • IVAM – Institut Valencià d'Art Modern – Centre Julio González Julio González Centre – Valencian Institute of Modern Art
  • Museu de Belles Arts "San Pío V" Museum of Fine Arts
  • Museu Faller Falles Museum
  • Museu d'Història de València Museum of History of Valencia
  • Museu Taurí de València – Bullfighting Museum
  • MuVIM – Museu Valencià de la Il·lustració i la Modernitat Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity
  • Museo Nacional de Cerámica y de las Artes Suntuarias González Martí - National Museum of Pottery and Sumptuary Arts González Martí

Transportation

Public transport is provided by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV) which operates the Valencia Metro and other rail and bus services. The Valencia Airport is situated 9 km (5.6 miles) west of downtown Valencia.

Districts of Valencia

  • CIUTAT VELLA: La Seu, La Xerea, El Carmen, El Pilar, El Mercado, San Francisco.
  • EXTENSIÓ: Russafa, El Pla del Remei, Gran Via.
  • EXTRAMURS: El Botànic, La Roqueta, La Pechina, Arrancapins.
  • CAMPANAR: Campanar, Les Tendetes, El Calvari, Sant Pau.
  • LA SAÏDIA: Marxalenes, Morvedre, Trinitat, Tormos, Sant Antoni.
  • PLA DEL REAL: Exposició, Mestalla, Jaume Roig, Ciutat Universitària
  • OLIVERETA: Nou Moles, Soternes, Tres Forques, La Fontsanta, La Luz.
  • PATRAIX: Patraix, Sant Isidre, Vara de Quart, Safranar, Favara.
  • JESUS: La Raiosa, L'Hort de Senabre, The Covered Cross, Saint Marcelino, Real Way.
  • QUATRE CARRERES: Montolivet, En Corts, Malilla, La Font de Sant Lluís, Na Rovella, La Punta, Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències.
  • POBLATS MARÍTIMS: El Grau, El Cabanyal, El Canyameral, La Malva-Rosa, Beteró, Nazaret.
  • CAMINS DEL GRAU: Aiora, Albors, Creu del Grau, Camí Fondo, Penya-Roja.
  • ALGIRÒS: Illa Perduda, Ciutat Jardí, Amistat, Vega Baixa, la Carrasca.
  • BENIMACLET: Benimaclet, Camí de Vera.
  • RASCANYA: Orriols, Torrefiel, Sant Llorenç.
  • BENICALAP: Benicalap, Ciutat Fallera.
  • POBLES DEL NORD: Benifaraig, Poble Nou, Carpesa , Cases de Bàrcena, Mauella, Massarrojos, Borbotó.
  • POBLES DE L'OEST: Benimàmet, Beniferri.
  • POBLES DEL SUD: Forn d'Alcedo, Castellar-l'Oliveral, Pinedo, el Saler, el Palmar, el Perellonet, la Torre,
  • The Lonja de la Seda
    The Lonja de la Seda
  • Basilica Virgen de los Desamparados
    Basilica Virgen de los Desamparados
  • The Micalet
    The Micalet
  • Valencia street, with arbour
    Valencia street, with arbour
  • L'Hemisfèric, a 3-D Cinema
    L'Hemisfèric, a 3-D Cinema
  • L'Umbracle
    L'Umbracle
  • Museum
    Museum
  • The City of Arts and Sciences
    The City of Arts and Sciences
  • A falla
    A falla
  • A paella cooked in the street
    A paella cooked in the street
  • "Pont de l'assut de l'or" bridge and the "Ágora" in construction
    "Pont de l'assut de l'or" bridge and the "Ágora" in construction
  • Albereda avenue, Valencia
    Albereda avenue, Valencia

International relations

Twin towns - Sister cities

Valencia is twinned with:[25]

See also

References

  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  1. ^ "Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute)". Ine.es. 2001-05-28. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
  2. ^ Demographia: World Urban Areas
  3. ^ Eurostat - Larger Urban Zones: Urban Audit.org
  4. ^ Valencia (1,583,331) and Sagunto (122,411)
  5. ^ Datos de áreas urbanas en 2006 según el proyecto AUDES5
  6. ^ Conurbaciones en 2006 según el proyecto AUDES5
  7. ^ Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Competitive Cities in the Global Economy, OECD Territorial Reviews, (OECD Publishing, 2006), Table 1.1
  8. ^ NB: NOT pronounced with a [v]; see Spanish phonology
  9. ^ About the Santo Caliz (Holy Chalice)
  10. ^ Announcement of the election as host city for 33rd America's Cup
  11. ^ La Lonja listing on Unesco site
  12. ^ "Contact List." Air Nostrum. Retrieved on May 20, 2009.
  13. ^ "Valenciaport". Valenciaport. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
  14. ^ Burguera. "Valencia supera a Algeciras y lidera por primera vez el tráfico de contenedores en España. Las Provincias". Lasprovincias.es. Retrieved 2009-06-18. {{cite web}}: Text "Valencia" ignored (help)
  15. ^ "Resumen general del tráfico portuario en febrero | Puerto Bahía de Algeciras Blog". Puertoalgeciras.org. 1999-02-22. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
  16. ^ NY Times, 30 July 2008
  17. ^ foreign born population in 2001
  18. ^ Foreign born population in 2008, p7
  19. ^ Table 1.1 foreign born population
  20. ^ Table 1.5 foreign born population 2007
  21. ^ Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Valencia, Spain
  22. ^ "Weather2Travel.com: Valencia Climate Guide". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  23. ^ "Weather Information for Valencia". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  24. ^ Institut Valencià d'Estadística
  25. ^ "Municipality of Valencia: ciudades hermanadas con Valencia". Retrieved 2008-11-02.
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