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* In ''[[The Importance of Being Earnest]]'', Jack pretends to live in rural Shropshire, to mask his double life.
* In ''[[The Importance of Being Earnest]]'', Jack pretends to live in rural Shropshire, to mask his double life.
* The 1856 [[Anti-Tom literature|plantation literature]] novel ''[[White Acre vs. Black Acre]]'' by William M. Burwell features two Shropshire farms acting as an allegory for [[Slavery in the United States|American slavery]] – ''White Acre Farm'' being the [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]] Northern United States, and ''Black Acre Farm'' being the slaveholding Southern United States.
* The 1856 [[Anti-Tom literature|plantation literature]] novel ''[[White Acre vs. Black Acre]]'' by William M. Burwell features two Shropshire farms acting as an allegory for [[Slavery in the United States|American slavery]] – ''White Acre Farm'' being the [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]] Northern United States, and ''Black Acre Farm'' being the slaveholding Southern United States.
* [[J. R. R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s the Shire is thought to correspond to the West Midlands region of England, including Shropshire, as argued by Tom Shippey.
* The county has also appeared in film: the 1984 film version of Charles Dickens' ''[[A Christmas Carol (1984 film)|A Christmas Carol]]'' was filmed in Shrewsbury. Appearances in television have included the county being used as a setting in both [[Coronation Street]], the [[ITV1]] soap; and also in the [[BBC]]'s [[The Fast Show]], for a [[Ted and Ralph]] special. The 1985 television programme ''[[Blott on the Landscape]]'' was filmed mainly in South Shropshire, notably in Ludlow. The 2005 sit-com ''[[The Green Green Grass]]'' is set in Shropshire and is filmed near Bridgnorth. Australian soap ''Home and Away'' was filmed in and around Ironbridge during the late 1990s, when several characters ventured to England.
* The county has also appeared in film: the 1984 film version of Charles Dickens' ''[[A Christmas Carol (1984 film)|A Christmas Carol]]'' was filmed in Shrewsbury. Appearances in television have included the county being used as a setting in both [[Coronation Street]], the [[ITV1]] soap; and also in the [[BBC]]'s [[The Fast Show]], for a [[Ted and Ralph]] special. The 1985 television programme ''[[Blott on the Landscape]]'' was filmed mainly in South Shropshire, notably in Ludlow. The 2005 sit-com ''[[The Green Green Grass]]'' is set in Shropshire and is filmed near Bridgnorth. Australian soap ''Home and Away'' was filmed in and around Ironbridge during the late 1990s, when several characters ventured to England.
* Shropshire is also mentioned in the [[Friends]] episode [[The One with Joey's Dirty Day]], where Rachel is told by her boss that his niece (and Ross' future wife) Emily is from the county.
* [[Shrewsbury Abbey]] of Shropshire features in the [[Cadfael]] Mysteries; [[Brother Cadfael]] is a member of the community at the Abbey.<ref>Cadfael Literature/ITV.com Cadfael Classic TV Profile http://www.itv.com/ClassicTVshows/crime/Cadfael/default.html</ref>
* [[Shrewsbury Abbey]] of Shropshire features in the [[Cadfael]] Mysteries; [[Brother Cadfael]] is a member of the community at the Abbey.<ref>Cadfael Literature/ITV.com Cadfael Classic TV Profile http://www.itv.com/ClassicTVshows/crime/Cadfael/default.html</ref>
* In music, the composer [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] wrote "On Wenlock Edge" in 1907.
* In music, the composer [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] wrote "On Wenlock Edge" in 1907.
Line 457: Line 455:
* In 2008, [[Müller (company)|Müller]] released a new advert featuring their Shropshire-based factory, using '[[Ain't Got No, I Got Life]]' by [[Nina Simone]] as musical score, and emphasising the closeness of supply from the surrounding area of its factory in [[Market Drayton]] ("24 hours from farm to yoghurt").
* In 2008, [[Müller (company)|Müller]] released a new advert featuring their Shropshire-based factory, using '[[Ain't Got No, I Got Life]]' by [[Nina Simone]] as musical score, and emphasising the closeness of supply from the surrounding area of its factory in [[Market Drayton]] ("24 hours from farm to yoghurt").
* In the novel ''[[A Room With a View]]'', Charlotte Bartlett states that the romantic Italian landscape reminds her of the country around Shropshire, where she once spent a holiday at the home of her friend Miss Apesbury.
* In the novel ''[[A Room With a View]]'', Charlotte Bartlett states that the romantic Italian landscape reminds her of the country around Shropshire, where she once spent a holiday at the home of her friend Miss Apesbury.
* In series two of British comedy [[Green Wing]], after assisting him to burn a corpse and a motorhome, the character Joanna declares to Dr. Statham that they need to go somewhere where no-one would think of looking. One of Statham's suggestions is [[Oswestry]].
* In the Irene Adler series of books by Carole Nelson Douglas, the character Penelope (Nell) Huxleigh was raised by her parson father in Shropshire.
*The 2011 documentary ''Rome Wasn't Built In A Day'' was filmed in the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city of [[Viroconium Cornoviorum]] near village of [[Wroxeter]].
*The 2011 documentary ''Rome Wasn't Built In A Day'' was filmed in the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city of [[Viroconium Cornoviorum]] near village of [[Wroxeter]].
*A character named the "Shropshire Slasher" features prominently in the 1956 [[Warner Bros.]] cartoon "[[Deduce, You Say]]" staring [[Daffy Duck]] and [[Porky Pig]]. Set in [[Victorian era|Victorian-era]] London,Daffy and Porky star as parodies of [[Sherlock Holmes]] and [[Dr. Watson]] investigating the whereabouts of the criminal. Once found, upon Porky's inquiry, he replies that the term "Shropshire Slasher" also refers to his occupation as well as his moniker.
*A character named the "Shropshire Slasher" features in the 1956 [[Warner Bros.]] cartoon "[[Deduce, You Say]]".


==Sport==
==Sport==

Revision as of 12:29, 17 February 2012

This article is about the English county. For other uses, see Shropshire (disambiguation).

Shropshire
Ceremonial county
Motto(s): 

Floreat Salopia (May Shropshire flourish)
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
RegionWest Midlands
OriginHistoric
Time zoneUTC+0 (GMT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (BST)
Ceremonial county
Area[convert: needs a number]
 • Rank of 48
 • Rank of 48
Density[convert: needs a number]
Ethnicity
97.3% White
1.2% S.Asian

Shropshire (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop;[1] abbreviated, in print only, Shrops[2]) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.[3]

The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;[4] Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today is the most populous;[5] and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.

The Ironbridge Gorge area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, covering Ironbridge, Coalbrookdale and a part of Madeley.[6] There are, additionally, other notable historic industrial sites located around the county, such as at Shrewsbury, Broseley, Snailbeach and Highley as well as the Shropshire Union Canal.[7]

The Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers about a quarter of the county, mainly in the south.[8] Shropshire is one of England's most rural and sparsely populated counties, with the population density of the Shropshire Council area being just 91/km2 (337/sq mi).[9] The Wrekin is one of the most famous natural landmarks in the county,[10] though the highest hills are the Clee Hills,[11] Stiperstones[12] and the Long Mynd.[13] Wenlock Edge is another significant geographical and geological landmark.[14] In the low-lying northwest of the county (and overlapping the border with Wales) is the Fenn's, Whixall and Bettisfield Mosses National Nature Reserve, one of the most important and best preserved bogs in Britain. The River Severn, Great Britain's longest river, runs through the county, exiting into Worcestershire via the Severn Valley. Shropshire is landlocked, and with an area of 3,487 square kilometres (1,346 sq mi),[9] is England's largest inland county.[15]

The county flower is the round-leaved sundew. [16] For Eurostat purposes, the county (less the unitary district of Telford and Wrekin) is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG22). The two Shropshire unitary areas (covering all of the ceremonial county), together with the authorities covering the ceremonial county of Staffordshire, comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region.

History

Main article: History of Shropshire

The area was once part of the lands of the Cornovii, which consisted of the modern day counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, north Staffordshire, north Herefordshire and eastern parts of Powys. This was a tribal Celtic iron age kingdom. Their capital in pre-Roman times was probably a hill fort on The Wrekin. Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography names one of their towns as being Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter), which became their capital under Roman rule and one of the largest settlements in Britain. After the Roman occupation of Britain ended in the 5th century, the Shropshire area was in the eastern part of the Welsh Kingdom of Powys; known in Welsh poetry as the Paradise of Powys. It was annexed to the Saxon kingdom of Mercia by King Offa in the eighth century, at which time he built two significant dykes there to defend his territory against the Welsh or at least demarcate it. In subsequent centuries, the area suffered repeated Danish invasion, and fortresses were built at Bridgnorth and Chirbury.[17]

After the Norman Conquest in 1066, major estates in Shropshire were granted to Normans, including Roger de Montgomerie, who ordered significant constructions, particularly in Shrewsbury, the town of which he was Earl.[18] Many defensive castles were built at this time across the county to defend against the Welsh and enable effective control of the region, including Ludlow Castle[19] and Shrewsbury Castle.[20] The western frontier with Wales was not finally determined until the 14th Century. Also in this period, a number of religious foundations were formed, the county largely falling at this time under the diocese of Hereford and that of Coventry and Lichfield. Some areas in later times fell under the diocese of St. Asaph until it ceased to exist in 1920.

The county was a central part of the Welsh Marches during the medieval period and was often embroiled in the power struggles between powerful Marcher Lords, the Earls of March and successive monarchs.[21]

The county also contains a number of historically significant towns, including Shrewsbury, Ludlow and Oswestry. Additionally, the area around Coalbrookdale in the county is seen as highly significant, as it is regarded as one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution. The village of Edgmond, near Newport, is the location of the lowest recorded temperature (in terms of weather) in England and Wales.[22]

The Iron Bridge at Ironbridge.

Etymology

The origin of the name "Shropshire" is the Old English "Scrobbesbyrigscīr" (literally Shrewsburyshire).

Salop is an old abbreviation for Shropshire, sometimes used on envelopes or telegrams, and comes from the Anglo-French "Salopesberia". It is normally replaced by the more contemporary "Shrops" although Shropshire residents are still referred to as "Salopians".[1]

When a county council for the county was first established in 1888, it was called Salop County Council.[23] Following the Local Government Act 1972, Salop became the official name of the county, but a campaign led by a local councillor, John Kenyon, succeeded in having both the county and council renamed as Shropshire in 1980.[24]

County extent

The border with Wales was defined in the 16th century – the hundreds of Oswestry (including Oswestry) and Pimhill (including Wem), and part of Chirbury had prior to the Laws in Wales Act formed various Lordships in the Welsh Marches.

The present day ceremonial county boundary is almost the same as the historic one. Notably there has been the removal of several exclaves and enclaves. The largest of the exclaves was Halesowen, which became part of Worcestershire in 1844 (now part of the West Midlands county), and the largest of the enclaves was Herefordshire's Farlow in South Shropshire, also transferred in 1844, to Shropshire. Alterations have been made on Shropshire's border with all neighbouring English counties over the centuries. Gains have been made to the south of Ludlow (from Herefordshire), to the north of Shifnal (from Staffordshire) and to the north (from Cheshire) and south (from Staffordshire) of Market Drayton. The county has lost land in two places – to Staffordshire and Worcestershire.[25]

Geography

Countryside of mid-Shropshire.

Geographically, Shropshire is divisible into two distinct halves – North and South. The county has a highly diverse geology. The West Midlands green belt extends into eastern Shropshire, covering an area north from Highley, to the east of Bridgnorth, north to the eastern side of Telford, leaving Shropshire eastwards alongside the A5. This encompasses Shifnal, Cosford and Albrighton, and various other villages paralleling Dudley and Wolverhampton.[26]

North Shropshire

The North Shropshire Plain is an extension of the flat and fertile Cheshire Plain. It is here that most of the county's large towns, and population in general, are to be found. Shrewsbury at the centre, Oswestry to the north west, Whitchurch to the north, Market Drayton to the north east, and Newport and the Telford conurbation (Telford, Wellington, Oakengates, Donnington and Shifnal) to the east. The land is fertile and agriculture remains a major feature of the landscape and the economy. The River Severn runs through the lower half of this area (from Wales in the west, eastwards), through Shrewsbury and down the Ironbridge Gorge, before heading south to Bridgnorth.

The Wrekin is a prominent geographical feature located in the east of the county.

The area around Oswestry has more rugged geography than the North Shropshire Plain and the western half is over an extension of the Wrexham Coalfield and there are also copper deposits on the border with Wales. Mining of stone and sand aggregates is still going on in Mid-Shropshire, notably on Haughmond Hill, near Bayston Hill and around the village of Condover. Lead mining also took place at Snailbeach and the Stiperstones, but this has now ceased. Other primary industries, such as forestry and fishing, are to be found too.

The River Severn, seen here in Shrewsbury, is the primary waterway of the county.

The A5 and M54 run from Wolverhampton (to the east of the county) across to Telford, around Shrewsbury parallel to the line of Watling Street an ancient trackway. The A5 then turns north west to Oswestry, before heading north into Wales in the Wrexham area. This is an important artery and the corridor is where most of Shropshire's modern commerce and industry is found, notably in Telford new town. There are also a number of railway lines crossing over the area, which centre at Shrewsbury. To the south west of Telford, near the Ironbridge Gorge, is Ironbridge Power Station.

The new town of Telford is built partly on a former industrial area centred on the East Shropshire Coalfield as well as on former agricultural land. There are still many ex-colliery sites to be found in the area, as well as disused mine shafts. This industrial heritage is an important tourist attraction, as is seen by the growth of museums in the Ironbridge, Coalbrookdale, Broseley and Jackfield area. Blists Hill museum and historical (Victorian era) village is a major tourist attraction as well as the Iron Bridge itself. In addition, Telford Steam Railway runs from Horsehay.

South Shropshire

For information specifically on the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, see Shropshire Hills AONB.
Church Stretton is one of South Shropshire's market towns.

South Shropshire is more rural, with fewer settlements and no large towns, and its landscape differs greatly from that of North Shropshire. The area is dominated by significant hill ranges and river valleys, woods, pine forests and "batches", a colloquial term for small valleys and other natural features. Farming is more pastoral than the arable found in the north of the county. The only substantial towns are Bridgnorth, with a population of around 12,000 people, Ludlow and Church Stretton. The Shropshire Hills AONB is located in the south-west, covering an area of 808 km2 (312 sq mi);[9] it forms the only specifically protected area of the county. Inside this area is the popular Long Mynd, a large plateau of 516 m (1,693 ft) and Stiperstones 536 metres (1,759 ft) high to the East of the Long Mynd, overlooking Church Stretton.

The Long Mynd near Church Stretton.

The A49 is the main road through the area, running north to south, from Shrewsbury to Herefordshire. A railway line runs through the area on the same route as the A49 with stations at Church Stretton, Craven Arms and Ludlow. The steam heritage Severn Valley Railway runs from Bridgnorth into Worcestershire along the Severn Valley.

Because of its valley location and character, Church Stretton is sometimes referred to as Little Switzerland. Nearby are the old mining and quarrying communities on the Clee Hills, notable geological features in the Onny Valley and Wenlock Edge and fertile farmland in the Corve Dale. The River Teme drains this part of the county, before flowing into Worcestershire to the South and joining the River Severn.

One of the Clee Hills, the Brown Clee Hill, is the county's highest peak at 540 metres (1,772 ft).[27] This gives Shropshire the 13th tallest hill per county in England.

South West Shropshire is a little known and remote part of the county, with Clun Forest, Offa's Dyke, the River Clun and the River Onny. The small towns of Clun and Bishop's Castle are in this area. The countryside here is very rural and is in parts wild and forested. To the south of Clun is the Welsh border town of Knighton.

Climate

The climate of Shropshire is generally moderate. Rainfall averages 760 to 1,000 mm (30 to 40 in), influenced by being in the rainshadow of the Cambrian Mountains from warm, moist frontal systems of the Atlantic Ocean which bring generally light precipitation in Autumn and Spring.[28] The hilly areas in the south and west are much colder in the winter, due to their high elevation, they share a similar climate to that of the Welsh Marches and Mid-Wales. The flat northern plain in the north and east has a similar climate to that of the rest of the West Midlands.

Being rural and inland, temperatures can fall more dramatically on clear winter nights than in many other parts of England. It was at Harper Adams University College, in Edgmond, where on 10 January 1982 the lowest temperature weather record for England was broken (and is kept to this day): -26.1 °C.

The only Met Office weather station in the county is located at Shawbury, which is in the north, between Shrewsbury and Market Drayton.

Harper Adams University College, where on 10 January 1982 the coldest temperature ever in England was recorded.
Climate data for Shawbury[a]
WMO ID: 03414; coordinates 52°47′41″N 2°39′53″W / 52.79469°N 2.66473°W / 52.79469; -2.66473 (Met Office Shawbury); elevation: 72 m (236 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.6
(58.3) 		17.4
(63.3) 		21.5
(70.7) 		25.2
(77.4) 		26.7
(80.1) 		31.2
(88.2) 		35.7
(96.3) 		34.9
(94.8) 		29.6
(85.3) 		28.1
(82.6) 		18.4
(65.1) 		15.4
(59.7) 		35.7
(96.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.5
(45.5) 		8.1
(46.6) 		10.3
(50.5) 		13.2
(55.8) 		16.3
(61.3) 		19.1
(66.4) 		21.1
(70.0) 		20.7
(69.3) 		18.1
(64.6) 		14.2
(57.6) 		10.3
(50.5) 		7.7
(45.9) 		13.9
(57.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7) 		4.6
(40.3) 		6.3
(43.3) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		14.4
(57.9) 		16.3
(61.3) 		16.0
(60.8) 		13.7
(56.7) 		10.4
(50.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		4.5
(40.1) 		9.8
(49.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.2
(34.2) 		1.2
(34.2) 		2.3
(36.1) 		3.9
(39.0) 		6.8
(44.2) 		9.6
(49.3) 		11.5
(52.7) 		11.4
(52.5) 		9.3
(48.7) 		6.6
(43.9) 		3.5
(38.3) 		1.3
(34.3) 		5.7
(42.3)
Record low °C (°F) −21.4
(−6.5) 		−12.9
(8.8) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		2.5
(36.5) 		0.8
(33.4) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−25.2
(−13.4) 		−25.2
(−13.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 57.4
(2.26) 		43.3
(1.70) 		43.4
(1.71) 		47.1
(1.85) 		53.6
(2.11) 		59.0
(2.32) 		57.6
(2.27) 		64.2
(2.53) 		61.1
(2.41) 		68.8
(2.71) 		60.8
(2.39) 		66.3
(2.61) 		682.5
(26.87)
Average snowfall mm (inches) 26
(1.0) 		19
(0.7) 		3
(0.1) 		4
(0.2) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.0) 		27
(1.1) 		80
(3.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 12.1 10.8 10.2 10.4 10.0 10.1 10.5 10.5 10.0 11.3 12.5 13.1 131.6
Average snowy days 3.0 2.9 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.6 9.1
Average relative humidity (%) 90 87 84 83 82 84 83 83 86 88 90 90 86
Mean monthly sunshine hours 52.8 74.9 114.6 158.1 194.9 187.5 193.3 168.0 134.7 97.5 61.8 49.9 1,487.8
Mean daily daylight hours 8.3 9.9 11.9 14.0 15.8 16.8 16.3 14.7 12.7 10.6 8.7 7.7 12.3
Average ultraviolet index 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 3
Source 1: Met Office[29] European Climate Assessment and Dataset[30]
Source 2: WeatherAtlas[31]

Geology

Main article: Geology of Shropshire

Shropshire has a huge range of different types of rocks, stretching from 700million years ago until the present day. In the northern part of the county there are examples of Jurassic, Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic. Centrally Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous and Permian. And in the south it is predominantly Silurian and Quaternary. Shropshire has a number of areas with Silurian and Ordivician rocks, where a number of shells, corals and trilobites can be found. Mortimer Forest, and Wenlock Edge are examples where a number of fossils can be found.

Towns and villages

Further information: List of places in Shropshire, Category:Towns in Shropshire, and Category:Villages in Shropshire

Shropshire has no cities, but 22 towns, of which two can be considered major. Telford is the largest town in the county with a population of 138,241 (which is approximately 30% of the total Salopian populace); whereas the county town of Shrewsbury has a lower, but still sizeable population of 70,560 (15%). The other sizeable towns are Oswestry, Bridgnorth, Newport and Ludlow. The historic town of Wellington now makes up part of the Telford conurbation. The majority of the other settlements can be classed as villages or small towns such as Much Wenlock. Six villages have larger populations than the smallest town, Clun. The largest of these, Bayston Hill, is the 10th most inhabited settlement in the county.

The larger settlements are primarily concentrated in a central belt that roughly follows the A5/M54 roadway. Other settlements are concentrated on rivers, for example Bridgnorth and Ironbridge on the Severn, or Ludlow on the Teme, as these waterways were historically vital for trade and a supply of water.[32]

Telford
Telford

Shrewsbury
Shrewsbury
Oswestry
Oswestry
Bridgnorth
Bridgnorth
Ceremonial county of Shropshire
Telford and Wrekin shown within


  Rivers,   Motorways,   'A' Roads,   Settlements
Largest settlements (by population):

Telford (138,241)
Shrewsbury (70,560)
Oswestry (15,613)
Bridgnorth (12,212)
Newport (10,814)
Ludlow (10,500)
Market Drayton (10,407)
Whitchurch (8,907)
Shifnal (7,094)
Bayston Hill (village)(5,247)
Wem (5,142)
Broseley (4,912)
Church Stretton (4,186)
Albrighton (village)(4,157)
Pontesbury (village) (3,500)
Ellesmere (3,223)
Prees (village) (2,688)
Much Wenlock (2,605)
Craven Arms (2,289)
Cleobury Mortimer (1,962)
Bishop's Castle (1,630)
Ruyton-XI-Towns (village) (1,500)
Baschurch (village) (1,475)
Clun (642)

 Newport
Newport

Ludlow
Ludlow
Market Drayton
Market Drayton
Whitchurch
Whitchurch

The town of Telford was created by the merger and expansion of older, small towns to the north and east of the Wrekin. These towns now have sizeable populations that now make up the population of Telford: Wellington (20,430),[33] Madeley (17,935),[34] Dawley (11,399)[35] and Oakengates (8,517),[36] but the Telford and Wrekin borough towns incentive aims to make Oakengates into the largest of the towns.[37]

Politics

Election results 2001
Election results 2005 & 2010

The county has five parliamentary constituencies, four of which returned Conservative MPs at the 2005 general election and one, Telford, returned a Labour MP. This is a marked change from the 2001 general election result, where the county returned only one Conservative, three Labour and a Liberal Democrat to the Commons (see maps to the right) (Labour = Red, Conservatives = Blue and Liberal Democrats = Orange).

The current MPs of Shropshire are:

In 2005 there was also a County Council election in which the Conservatives gained overall control of the shire county. Telford and Wrekin Borough Council remained at the time under Labour control but has since gone to no-overall control, with a Conservative executive. Being a rural county, there are a number of independent councillors on the various councils in the county.[38]

The Conservatives gained complete control of Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council in the May 2006 local elections.

Constituency 1992 1997 2001 2005 2010
Ludlow  CON  Christopher Gill  LD  Matthew Green  CON  Philip Dunne
North Shropshire  CON  John Biffen  CON  Owen Paterson
Shrewsbury & Atcham  CON  Derek Conway  LAB  Paul Marsden  LD  Paul Marsden  CON  Daniel Kawczynski
Telford  LAB  Bruce Grocott*  LAB  Bruce Grocott  LAB  David Wright
The Wrekin  LAB  Peter Bradley  CON  Mark Pritchard

Divisions and environs

See also: List of civil parishes in Shropshire
Shrewsbury is Shropshire's county town and seat of Shropshire Council.

Most of the ceremonial county of Shropshire is covered for purposes of local government by Shropshire Council, a unitary authority established in 2009. Telford and Wrekin is a unitary authority, with borough status, which forms part of the county for various functions such as Lord Lieutenant but is a separate local authority from Shropshire Council. However many services are shared across both authorities, such as the fire and rescue service, and the two authorities co-operate on some projects such as mapping flood risk.

The whole county (including Telford and Wrekin) is served by the Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service.

The new unitary authority for Shropshire, Shropshire Council, divides the county into three areas, each with its own area committee: North, Central and South. These area committees, as well as relative staff, deal with local matters such as development control and licensing.

With the parishing of the formerly unparished area of Shrewsbury in 2008, the entire ceremonial county is now parished. The sizes of parishes varies enormously in terms of area covered and population resident. Shrewsbury is the most populous parish in the county (and one of the most populous in England) with over 70,000 residents, whilst Boscobel is the smallest parish in Shropshire by geographical area and by population, with just 12 residents according to the 2001 census.[39] The smaller parishes (with populations of less than 200) usually have a joint parish council with one or more neighbouring parishes, or in some instances, have a parish meeting (such as in Sibdon Carwood). The urban area of Telford is divided into many parishes, each covering a particular suburb, some of which are historic villages or towns (such as Madeley). The parish remains an important sub-division and tier of local government in both unitary authority areas of Shropshire.

Local government 1974–2009

The ceremonial county prior to the 2009 local government restructuring, with just Telford & Wrekin as a unitary authority (shown yellow)

In 1974 the non-metropolitan county of Shropshire was constituted, covering the entire county. There was a two-tier system of local government, constituting a county council (as the upper tier) and six district councils – Bridgnorth, North Shropshire, Oswestry, Shrewsbury and Atcham, South Shropshire and The Wrekin. In 1998 The Wrekin became a unitary authority, administratively separate from the county council, and became Telford and Wrekin. The two-tier structure remained in the remainder of the county and was the least populated two-tier area in England.

Oswestry and Shrewsbury & Atcham were each granted borough status in 1974. Telford and Wrekin became a borough in 2002.

2009 restructuring

See also: 2009 structural changes to local government in England
Shropshire's shirehall is located opposite the magnificent Lord Hill Column.

In 2006 a local government white paper supported proposals for new unitary authorities to be set up in England in certain areas. Existing non-metropolitan counties with small populations, such as Cornwall, Northumberland and Shropshire, were favoured by the government to be covered by unitary authorities in one form or another (the county either becoming a single unitary authority, or be broken into a number of unitary authorities). For the counties in the 2009 reorganisation, existing unitary authority areas within the counties' ceremonial boundaries (such as Telford and Wrekin) were not to be affected and no boundary changes were planned.

Shropshire County Council, supported by South Shropshire District Council and Oswestry Borough Council, proposed to the government that the non-metropolitan county of Shropshire become a single unitary authority. This was opposed by the other 3 districts in the county, with Shrewsbury & Atcham Borough Council taking their objection to the High Court in a judicial review.

The proposal to create a Shropshire unitary authority, covering the area of the existing non-metropolitan county, was supported by the DCLG and 1 April 2009 was set as the date for the re-organisation to take place. The first elections to Shropshire Council will not take place however until 4 June 2009, with the former Shropshire County Council being the continuing authority and its councillors became the first members of the new Shropshire Council on 1 April.

Part of the proposals include parishing and establishing a town council for Shrewsbury. The parish was created on 13 May 2008 and is the second most populous civil parish in England (only Weston-super-Mare has a greater population) with a population of over 70,000.

Transport

The Shrewsbury and Newport Canal, Newport branch.
See also: Railways of Shropshire

Shropshire is connected to the rest of the United Kingdom via a number of road and rail links. Historically, rivers and later canals in the county were used for transport also, although their use in transport is now significantly reduced. The county's main transportation hub is Shrewsbury, through which many significant roads and railways pass and join. Canals in the United Kingdom today serve primarily for leisure purposes and three British Waterways canals run through Shropshire: the Shropshire Union Canal (from north of Adderley to near Knighton), the Llangollen Canal (from Chirk Aqueduct to Grindley Brook) and the Montgomery Canal (from its beginning at Frankton Junction to Llanymynech). In addition, the Shrewsbury and Newport Canal potentially could be restored in the future.[40]

The M54 Motorway runs through the east of the county, as far as Wellington.

Major roads in the county include the M54 motorway, which connects Shropshire to the rest of the motorway network, and more specifically to the West Midlands county. The A5 also runs through the county, in an east-west direction. The road formerly ran through Shrewsbury, although a large dual-carriageway bypass has since been built. Other major trunk roads in the county include the north-south A49, the A53 and the A41.

There are a number of major railway lines running through the county, including the Welsh Marches Line, the Cambrian Line, the Shrewsbury to Chester Line and the Wolverhampton to Shrewsbury Line, as well as heritage railways including the well established Severn Valley Railway. The two train operating companies working in the county are London Midland and Arriva Trains Wales. A new company, Wrexham & Shropshire, commenced services from Shropshire to London Marylebone station, in spring 2008 but the service was discontinued on 28 January 2011 leaving Shrewsbury without a direct link to the capital.[41]

Two major water supply aqueducts run across Shropshire; the Elan aqueduct running through South Shropshire carrying water from Elan Valley to Birmingham and the Vyrnwy Aqueduct running through North Shropshire delivering water from Lake Vyrnwy to Liverpool.

Economy

Shrewsbury's town centre contains the Darwin, Pride Hill and Riverside shopping centres, as well as more traditional historic retail areas.
Telford Plaza in Telford Town Centre.
Beatties department store opened in 2004 at the west end of Telford Shopping Centre (Renamed House of Fraser in 2007).

The economy of Shropshire was traditionally dominated by agriculture.[42] However, in more recent years it has become more service orientated. The county town of Shrewsbury, the historic castle-dominated Ludlow, the International Olympic Movement's birthplace Much Wenlock and the industrial birthplace of Ironbridge Gorge are the foremost tourist areas in Shropshire,[43] along with the reclaimed canal network which provides canal barge holidays on the Shropshire Union Canal and linked canal networks in the region, although the natural beauty of the county draws people to all areas.

Industry is mostly found in Telford, Oswestry, Whitchurch, Market Drayton and Shrewsbury, though small industrial estates can be found in and Church Stretton and Newport where the main industrial factory Audco, closed in 1982. The town has then started to move more towards an agricultural and tourist industry much like Ludlow, though industry is starting to build up along the outskirts of the town on the A41 road, because of its possession on the route between Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Staffordshire and the north. Shrewsbury is becoming a centre for distribution and warehousing, as it is located on a nodal point of the regional road network.[44][45]

In Telford, a new rail freight facility has been built at Donnington with the future goal of extending the line to Stafford, this is hoped it would open the freight terminal up to the East Midlands and the north, plus also re-connect Newport to the rail network.[45][46]

Telford and Shrewsbury are the county's two main retail centres, with contrasting styles of shopping – Shrewsbury's largely historic streets and Telford's large modern mall, Telford Shopping Centre.[47] Shrewsbury also has two medium-sized shopping centres, the indoor "Pride Hill" and "Darwin" centres (both located on Pride Hill),[48] and a smaller, partially covered, "Riverside Mall". Shrewsbury's situation of being the nearest substantial town for those in a large area of mid-Wales helps it draw in considerable numbers of shoppers, notably on Saturday.

Well-known companies in Shropshire include Müller Dairy (UK) Ltd in Market Drayton.[49] The RAF have two bases at RAF Cosford and RAF Shawbury,[50] and the charity PDSA has its head office in Priorslee, Telford.[51]

Statistics

Below is the chart of regional gross value added for the non-metropolitan county (that is, excluding Telford & Wrekin) of Shropshire at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British pounds sterling.

Year Regional Gross Value Added[52] Agriculture[53] Industry[54] Services[55]
1995 2,388 238 618 1,533
2000 2,977 177 739 2,061
2003 3,577 197 843 2,538

With the statistics for the borough of Telford and Wrekin included, the following represents the ceremonial county:

Year Regional Gross Value Added[52] Agriculture[53] Industry[54] Services[55]
1995 4,151 266 1,483 2,403
2000 5,049 197 1,512 3,340
2003 5,947 218 1,693 4,038

Education

Shropshire has a completely comprehensive education system, in the ceremonial county there are thirteen independent schools, including the prestigious Shrewsbury School, which Charles Darwin attended and Oswestry School, which is the second oldest school in the country, founded in 1407.

In the Borough of Telford and Wrekin borough has two selective schools, all of which are located in Newport, these are the Adams' Grammar School and Newport Girls' High School (both of which are ranked within the top thirty schools in the country), and the independent preparatory school Castle House, in Telford itself is the Thomas Telford School is also a notable school, ranked as one of the best comprehensive schools in England.[56] There is considerable rivalry between many of the county's schools. In Shrewsbury for example, the Priory and Meole Brace schools maintain a long-standing sporting rivalry whilst on a wider scale Wrekin College and Ellesmere College remain rivals, as do Shrewsbury School and Adams' Grammar School.

There are also two institutions of higher education in Shropshire, the Telford campus of Wolverhampton University and in Edgmond, near Newport, Harper Adams University College, which formerly offered mostly agriculture-based degrees but is expanding its range of provision.

In Ironbridge, the University of Birmingham operates the Ironbridge Institute in partnership with the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, which offers postgraduate and professional development courses in heritage.

Shropshire has the highest educational attainment in the West Midlands region.[57]

Places of interest

Famous people

Charles Darwin (1809–82), whose theory of evolution by natural selection is the foundation of modern biological sciences
Clive of India statue in Shrewsbury's Square

Cultural references

Sport

The New Meadow football stadium, home to Shrewsbury Town Football Club.
Hawkstone Motocross Circuit.

There are a significant number of sporting clubs and facilities in Shropshire, many of which are found in Shrewsbury and Telford in addition to a number of clubs found locally throughout the county. Shropshire is home to a variety of established amateur, semi-pro and professional sports clubs.

The county is home to one of five National Sports Centres. Situated at Lilleshall Hall just outside Newport in Lilleshall, this is where the 1966 England National football team trained for two weeks prior to their success in the World Cup of 1966.

Football

The three highest football (and only professional) clubs in the county are Shrewsbury Town (English League Two), Telford United (English Conference) and The New Saints (Welsh Premier) in Oswestry.

There are numerous amateur football clubs in lower leagues, the highest of which is Market Drayton Town. The governing body in the county is the Shropshire Football Association. As of the 2011–12 football season the following Shropshire clubs play in these English leagues (the highest team of each club shown only):

Level League Clubs
4 League Two Shrewsbury Town
5 Conference National Telford United
8 Northern Premier League Division One South Market Drayton Town
9 Midland Alliance Bridgnorth Town and Ellesmere Rangers
10 West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division Shawbury United and Shifnal Town
11 West Midlands (Regional) League Division One Hanwood United, Wem Town, and Wellington Amateurs
12 West Midlands (Regional) League Division Two Haughmond, and St Martins
12 Cheshire League Division Two Whitchurch Alport
13 and 14 Shropshire County League 30 teams, including reserve sides

As well as the above, further "Saturday league" teams in the east of the county play in the Telford Combination (effectively at level 15). Some clubs situated near the Welsh border have at times played in the Welsh league system; at present Newcastle and Bucknell, in the southwest of the county, play in the Mid Wales South League, while Trefonen in the northwest play in the Montgomeryshire League.

Other sports

The county has one American football team, Shropshire Revolution, which was founded in 2006, and is a club in the British American Football League. Former teams in the county have included the Wrekin Giants, which ran from 1985 to 1989 and the Shropshire Giants which ran in 1989. Shropshire has a number of rugby clubs, including Newport (Salop) Rugby Union Football Club, the highest-leveled team in the county, playing in the National League 3 Midlands.

Shropshire Star Newport Nocturne Bike race 2006

The area also has a rich motorsports heritage, with the Loton Park Hillclimb and Hawkstone Park Motocross Circuit situated near Shrewsbury. Shrewsbury Motocross Club has staged motocross events in the area for over 30 years. There is additionally an ice hockey club in the county, the Telford Tigers.

The county has a number of private and public golf courses, including the Church Stretton Golf Club, situated on the slopes of the Long Mynd. It is the oldest 18-hole golf course in Shropshire, opened in 1898, and one of the highest in the United Kingdom. There is one notable horse racing racecourse in Shropshire, near Ludlow, the Ludlow Racecourse.

One of the biggest one day events in Shropshire and the biggest one day cycle race in the UK is the Shropshire Star Newport Nocturne, held every four years it is Britain's only floodlit cycle race.[59]

The historic Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games are held annually in Much Wenlock during the second weekend in July. A four-day festival, the Games include cricket, volleyball, tennis, bowls, badminton, triathlon, 10k road race, track and field events, archery, five-a-side football, veteran cycle events, clay pigeon shooting and a golf competition.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Blandings: English Counties – broken link
  2. ^ SHROPS – What does SHROPS stand for? Acronyms and abbreviations by the Free Online Dictionary. Acronyms.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
  3. ^ statics.gov website[dead link]
  4. ^ Shrewsbury – Tourist Information & Accommodation for Shrewsbury, Shropshire.
  5. ^ Wrexham & Shropshire :: Telford.
  6. ^ Ironbridge Page on UNESCO World Heritage website. Whc.unesco.org (6 March 2007). Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
  7. ^ BBC – Shropshire – Features – Industrial Archeology.
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  14. ^ shropshirerocks.org: Wenlock Edge[dead link]
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  16. ^ website. Plantlife.org.uk. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
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  22. ^ Climate in Wales
  23. ^ About Shropshire Calverhall Village
  24. ^ County's name change colonel dies BBC News
  25. ^ Vision of Britain – Ancient county boundaries
  26. ^ http://www.wmra.gov.uk/documents/WMRA%20Green%20belt%5B1%5D.pdf
  27. ^ page 2[dead link]
  28. ^ "Shropshire – MSN Encarta". Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  29. ^ "Shawbury 1991–2020 averages". Met Office. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  30. ^ "Indices Data – Shawbury STAID 1633". KNMI. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
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  33. ^ http://www.wellington-shropshire.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/68941C30-A7CB-44F3-822B-8B6D09E6932C/19217/Wellington.pdf
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  35. ^ Shropshire – Your Place and Mine – Dawley. BBC. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
  36. ^ What is the population of oakengates?. True Knowledge. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
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  52. ^ a b Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  53. ^ a b includes hunting and forestry
  54. ^ a b includes energy and construction
  55. ^ a b includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
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  59. ^ [3][dead link]

External links

52°37′N 2°43′W / 52.617°N 2.717°W / 52.617; -2.717
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