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[[File:Prime Ministers of Canada to 1963.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Canada's Prime Ministers from 1867 to 1967]]
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The [[Prime Minister of Canada]] is an official who serves as the primary [[Minister of the Crown]], chairman of the [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]], and thus [[Head of government|Head of Government]] of [[Canada]]. Officially, the Prime Minister is appointed by the [[Governor General of Canada]], but by constitutional convention the Prime Minister must have the confidence of the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]]. Normally, this is the leader of the party caucus with the greatest number of seats in the House, but if that leader lacks support of the majority in the House, the Governor General can appoint another leader who has the support of a majority, or may dissolve parliament and call a new election. By [[Constitutional convention (political custom)|constitutional convention]], a prime minister must hold a seat in parliament, and since the early 20th century this has more specifically meant the elected [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]].<ref>{{Citation| last=Forsey| first=Eugene| author-link=Eugene Forsey| title=How Canadians Govern Themselves| place=Ottawa| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| year=2005| edition=6| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/AboutParliament/Forsey/PDFs/How_Canadians_Govern_Themselves-6ed.pdf| page=38| isbn=0-662-39689-8| accessdate=24 March 2011| ref=CITEREF_Forsey_2005}}</ref>

The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written portion of the [[Constitution of Canada]]; [[executive authority]] is formally vested in the sovereign and exercised on his or her behalf by the Governor General. The prime ministership is part of Canada's constitutional convention tradition. The office was initially modelled after the job as it existed in Britain at the time. [[Sir John A. Macdonald]] was formally commissioned by [[Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck|Lord Monck]] on May 24, 1867 to form the first [[Government of Canada|Canadian Government]] under [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]]. [[Canada Day|On July 1]], 1867 the [[1st Canadian Ministry|First Ministry]] assumed office.<ref name=1July/>
The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written portion of the [[Constitution of Canada]]; [[executive authority]] is formally vested in the sovereign and exercised on his or her behalf by the Governor General. The prime ministership is part of Canada's constitutional convention tradition. The office was initially modelled after the job as it existed in Britain at the time. [[Sir John A. Macdonald]] was formally commissioned by [[Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck|Lord Monck]] on May 24, 1867 to form the first [[Government of Canada|Canadian Government]] under [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]]. [[Canada Day|On July 1]], 1867 the [[1st Canadian Ministry|First Ministry]] assumed office.<ref name=1July/>


The date for which a Prime Minister begins his or her term has been determined by the date that he or she is sworn into his or her [[Ministry (government department)|portfolio]], as an [[oath of office]] as Prime Minister is not required.<ref name="Guide">{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Life of a Ministry|url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/#LIFE|publisher=Government of Canada [[Privy Council Office (Canada)|Privy Council Office]]|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> However, starting in 1957 the incoming Prime Minister has sworn an oath as Prime Minister; as of 2006, this tradition has continued.<ref name="Guide"/> Before 1920, the Prime Ministers' resignations were accepted immediately by the Governor General, and the last day of the ministries were the date he died, or the date of resignation.<ref name="Guide"/> Since 1920, the outgoing Prime Minister has only formally resigned when the new government is ready to be formed.<ref name="Guide"/> The ''Interpretation Act of 1967'' states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day."<ref name="Guide"/> Although, traditionally, the outgoing Prime Minister formally resigns only hours before the incoming ministry swears their oaths, both during the day, the ministries are effectively changed at [[midnight]], the night before. Some sources, including the [[Parliament of Canada]], apply this convention as far back as 1917.<ref name="Gallery">{{cite web|title=Prime Ministers of Canada: Gallary |url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Compilations/FederalGovernment/PrimeMinisters/Gallery.aspx|publisher=Parliament of Canada|date=15 January 2007|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
The date for which a Prime Minister begins his or her term has been determined by the date that he or she is sworn into his or her [[Ministry (government department)|portfolio]], as an [[oath of office]] as Prime Minister is not required.<ref name="Guide">{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Life of a Ministry|url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/#LIFE|publisher=Government of Canada [[Privy Council Office (Canada)|Privy Council Office]]|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> However, starting in 1957 the incoming Prime Minister has sworn an oath as Prime Minister; as of 2006, this tradition has continued.<ref name="Guide"/> Before 1920, the Prime Ministers' resignations were accepted immediately by the Governor General, and the last day of the ministries were the date he died, or the date of resignation.<ref name="Guide"/> Since 1920, the outgoing Prime Minister has only formally resigned when the new government is ready to be formed.<ref name="Guide"/> The ''Interpretation Act of 1967'' states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day."<ref name="Guide"/> Although, traditionally, the outgoing Prime Minister formally resigns only hours before the incoming ministry swears their oaths, both during the day, the ministries are effectively changed at [[midnight]], the night before. Some sources, including the [[Parliament of Canada]], apply this convention as far back as 1917.<ref name="Gallery">{{cite web|title=Prime Ministers of Canada: Gallary |url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Compilations/FederalGovernment/PrimeMinisters/Gallery.aspx|publisher=Parliament of Canada|date=15 January 2007|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>


==Prime Ministers==
harman don't look
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|'''Abbreviation key:'''||No.: Incumbent No., Min.: Ministry
|-
|'''Colour key:'''||{{legend|{{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}|[[Liberal Party of Canada]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{Canadian party colour|CA Conservative (historical)}}|Historical conservative parties: [[Liberal-Conservative Party|Liberal-Conservative]], [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative (historical)]], [[Unionist Party (Canada)|Unionist]], [[National Liberal and Conservative Party|National Liberal and Conservative]], [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{Canadian party colour|CA Conservative}}|[[Conservative Party of Canada]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|-
|'''Provinces key:'''||AB: [[Alberta]], BC: [[British Columbia]], MB: [[Manitoba]], NS: [[Nova Scotia]], ON: [[Ontario]], QC: [[Quebec]], SK: [[Saskatchewan]]
|}

{{Canadian first minister list/top |assembly=Parliaments |ministry=yes |references=yes}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[John A. Macdonald]]
|title = Sir
|number = 1<br/><small>(1&nbsp;of&nbsp;2)</small>
|image = Brady-Handy John A Macdonald - cropped.jpg
|birth_year = 1815
|death_year = 1891
|party = [[Liberal-Conservative Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Kingston (electoral district)|Kingston, ON]]
|ministry = [[1st Canadian Ministry|1st]]
|start_date = 1 July
|start_year = 1867
|end_date = 5 November
|end_year = 1873
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 1867
|event1_assembly = none
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1867
|event2_assembly = 1st
|event2_note =
|event3 = election
|event3_year = 1872
|event3_assembly = 2nd
|event3_note =
|references = <ref name=1July >{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=1&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=2&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]]; Integration of [[Rupert's Land]] and the [[North-Western Territory]] into Canada; [[Manitoba Act]]; [[Red River Rebellion]]; Confederation of [[British Columbia]]; [[North-West Mounted Police|Creation of the North-West Mounted Police]]; Resigned over [[Pacific Scandal]]
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Alexander Mackenzie]]
|title = Sir
|number = 2
|image = Alexander Mackenzie-portrait.jpg
|birth_year = 1822
|death_year = 1892
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian_party_colour|Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Lambton (electoral district)|Lambton, ON]]
|ministry = [[2nd Canadian Ministry|2nd]]
|start_date = 7 November
|start_year = 1873
|end_date = 8 October
|end_year = 1878
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_assembly = 2nd
|event1_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1874
|event2_assembly = 3rd
|event2_note =
|references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=6b844758-6f54-4c68-8373-f26140d22ff6&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MACKENZIE, The Hon. Alexander, P.C |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=3&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Pacific Scandal]]; [[Supreme Court of Canada|Creation of the Supreme Court]]; [[Royal Military College of Canada|Establishment of the Royal Military College]]; [[Auditor General of Canada|Created the office of the Auditor General]]
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[John A. Macdonald]]
|title = Sir
|number = 1<br/><small>(2&nbsp;of&nbsp;2)</small>
|image = Brady-Handy John A Macdonald - cropped.jpg
|birth_year = 1815
|death_year = 1891
|party = [[Liberal-Conservative Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Victoria (electoral district)|Victoria, BC]] until 1882
|riding2 = [[Carleton (Ontario electoral district)|Carleton, ON]] until 1887
|riding3 = [[Kingston (electoral district)|Kingston, ON]]
|ministry = [[3rd Canadian Ministry|3rd]]
|start_date = 17 October
|start_year = 1878
|end_date = 6 June
|end_year = 1891
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1878
|event1_assembly = 4th
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1882
|event2_assembly = 5th
|event1_note =
|event3 = election
|event3_year = 1887
|event3_assembly = 6th
|event3_note =
|event4 = election
|event4_year = 1891
|event4_assembly = 7th
|event4_note =
|references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=59dd9d42-12e0-4d91-af20-4a5de0ea5e12&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MACDONALD, The Right Hon. Sir John Alexander, P.C., G.C.B., Q.C., D.C.L., LL.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada|date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=4&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[National Policy]]; [[North-West Rebellion]]; [[Louis Riel|Hanging of Louis Riel]]. Died in office (stroke).
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[John Abbott]]
|title = Sir
|number = 3
|image = SirJohnAbbott1.jpg
|birth_year = 1821
|death_year = 1893
|party = [[Liberal]]
|party = [[Liberal-Conservative Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|leadership =
|member_title = Senator
|riding = Quebec
|ministry = [[4th Canadian Ministry|4th]]
|start_date = 16 June
|start_year = 1891
|end_date = 24 November
|end_year = 1892
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 1891
|event1_assembly = 7th
|event1_note =
|references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=959f168d-f7ee-466d-b436-7b270c318fe1&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - ABBOTT, The Hon. Sir John Joseph Caldwell, P.C., Q.C., K.C.M.G., B.C.L., D.C.L |publisher=Parliament of Canada|date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=5&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = Succeeded on Macdonald's death due to objections to the Catholic [[John Sparrow David Thompson|John Thompson]]. In ill health; retired.
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[John Sparrow David Thompson|John Thompson]]
|title = Sir
|number = 4
|image = John Thompson.jpg
|birth_year = 1845
|death_year = 1894
|party = [[Liberal-Conservative Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Antigonish (electoral district)|Antigonish, NS]]
|ministry = [[5th Canadian Ministry|5th]]
|start_date = 5 December
|start_year = 1892
|end_date = 12 December
|end_year = 1894
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 1892
|event1_assembly = 7th
|event1_note =
|references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=1b8a9dea-475a-476c-b45c-1bd8af526c32&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - THOMPSON, The Right Hon. Sir John Sparrow David, P.C., K.C.M.G., Q.C |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=6&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]]; First Catholic Prime Minister. [[Manitoba Schools Question]]. Died in office (heart attack).
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Mackenzie Bowell]]
|title = Sir
|number = 5
|image = SirMackenzieBowell.jpg
|birth_year = 1823
|death_year = 1917
|party = [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative Party (historical)]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|leadership =
|member_title = Senator
|riding = Ontario
|ministry = [[6th Canadian Ministry|6th]]
|start_date = 21 December
|start_year = 1894
|end_date = 27 April
|end_year = 1896
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 1894
|event1_assembly = 7th
|event1_note =
|references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=1871c43c-bda4-464a-949f-e8206ed0d673&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - BOWELL, The Hon. Sir Mackenzie, P.C., K.C.M.G |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=7&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Manitoba Schools Question]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Charles Tupper]]
|title = Sir
|number = 6
|image = Tupper Portrait.jpg
|birth_year = 1821
|death_year = 1915
|party = [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative Party (historical)]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|leadership =
|member_title =
|riding =
|riding_alt = Did not serve in Parliament while Prime Minister
|ministry = [[7th Canadian Ministry|7th]]
|start_date = 1 May
|start_year = 1896
|end_date = 8 July
|end_year = 1896
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 1896
|event1_assembly = none
|event1_note =
|references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=24d7bdd8-53ef-4f57-a585-5c5b9effd3dd&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - TUPPER, The Right Hon. Sir Charles, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C.M.G., C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date=30 October 1915 |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=8&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = Aimed to defeat [[Patrons of Industry]], but dominated by [[Manitoba Schools Question]]. Never sat in parliament as Prime Minister.
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Wilfrid Laurier]]
|title = Sir
|number = 7
|image = Laurier in 1876.jpg
|birth_year = 1841
|death_year = 1919
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Quebec East|Quebec East, QC]]
|ministry = [[8th Canadian Ministry|8th]]
|start_date = 11 July
|start_year = 1896
|end_date = 6 October
|end_year = 1911
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1896
|event1_assembly = 8th
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1900
|event2_assembly = 9th
|event2_note =
|event3 = election
|event3_year = 1904
|event3_assembly = 10th
|event3_note =
|event4 = election
|event4_year = 1908
|event4_assembly = 11th
|event4_note =
|references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=e2f3ce71-bd81-4d34-8a08-56a140552231&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - LAURIER, The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., B.C.L., D.C.L., LL.D., Litt.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref name="Privy Council Office">{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=9&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Manitoba Schools Question]]; [[Second Boer War|Boer War]]; [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation of Alberta and Saskatchewan]]; [[Naval Service Bill|Creation of the Royal Canadian Navy]]; [[Reciprocity (Canadian politics)|Reciprocity with the US]]; First French Canadian Prime Minister, removed the right for status Indians to vote.
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Robert Borden]]
|title = Sir
|number = 8
|image = RobertLBorden.jpg
|birth_year = 1854
|death_year = 1937
|party = [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative Party (historical)]]
|colour = {{Canadian_party_colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Halifax (electoral district)|Halifax, NS]] until 1917
|riding2 = [[Kings (electoral district)|Kings, NS]]
|ministry = [[9th Canadian Ministry|9th]]
|start_date = 10 October
|start_year = 1911
|end_date = 11 October
|end_year = 1917
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1911
|event1_assembly = 12th
|2nd_party = [[Unionist Party (Canada)|Unionist Party]]
|2nd_ministry = [[10th Canadian Ministry|10th]]
|2nd_start_date = 12 October
|2nd_start_year = 1917
|2nd_end_date = 10 July
|2nd_end_year = 1920
|2nd_event1 = election
|2nd_event1_year = 1917
|2nd_event1_assembly = 13th
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian1">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=5e8a24b4-f155-4f3d-aacc-e6da13c93756&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - BORDEN, The Right Hon. Sir Robert Laird, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., D.C.L., LL.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada|date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref name="Privy Council Office"/> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=11&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[First World War]]; [[Military Service Act (Canada)|Military Service Act]]; [[Conscription Crisis of 1917]]; [[Unionist Party (Canada)]]; [[National Research Council of Canada|Creation of the National Research Council]]; [[income tax|Introduction of income tax]]; [[Winnipeg General Strike]]; [[Nickle Resolution]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Arthur Meighen]]
|number = 9<br><small>(1&nbsp;of&nbsp;2)</small>
|image = ArthurMeighenheadshot.jpg
|birth_year = 1874
|death_year = 1960
|party = [[National Liberal and Conservative Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian_party_colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Portage la Prairie (electoral district)|Portage la Prairie, MB]]
|ministry = [[11th Canadian Ministry|11th]]
|start_date = 10 July
|start_year = 1920
|end_date = 29 December
|end_year = 1921
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_assembly = 13th
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian2">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=d02a7b53-dad0-4944-82b0-aed9054a7bc2&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MEIGHEN, The Right Hon. Arthur, P.C., Q.C., B.A., LL.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=12&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = &mdash;
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]
|number = 10<br><small>(1&nbsp;of&nbsp;3)</small>
|image = Wm Lyon Mackenzie King.jpg
|birth_year = 1874
|death_year = 1950
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[York North|York North, ON]] until 1925
|riding2 = [[Prince Albert (electoral district)|Prince Albert, SK]]
|ministry = [[12th Canadian Ministry|12th]]
|start_date = 29 December
|start_year = 1921
|end_date = 28 June
|end_year = 1926
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1921
|event1_assembly = 14th
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1925
|event2_assembly = 15th
|event2_note = {{ref_label|lost_seat|LS}} {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian3">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=b11f5b30-7d32-44e6-b23c-a24561c1eaf5&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - KING, The Right Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie, P.C., O.M., C.M.G., B.A., M.A., A.M., LL.B., Ph.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=13&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = Meighen had won a plurality of seats in the 1925 election, but King continued in office with the unofficial support of the [[Third party (Canada)|third party]] Progressives until the [[King-Byng Affair]] caused him to resign and Meighen to be invited to form a government.
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Arthur Meighen]]
|number = 9<br><small>(2&nbsp;of&nbsp;2)</small>
|image = ArthurMeighenheadshot.jpg
|birth_year = 1874
|death_year = 1960
|party = [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative Party (historical)]]
|colour = {{Canadian_party_colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Portage la Prairie (electoral district)|Portage la Prairie, MB]]
|ministry = [[13th Canadian Ministry|13th]]
|start_date = 29 June
|start_year = 1926
|end_date = 25 September
|end_year = 1926
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 1926
|event1_assembly = 15th
|event1_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian2"/> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=14&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = Appointed as a result of the [[King–Byng Affair]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]
|number = 10<br><small>(2&nbsp;of&nbsp;3)</small>
|image = Wm Lyon Mackenzie King.jpg
|birth_year = 1874
|death_year = 1950
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Prince Albert (electoral district)|Prince Albert, SK]]
|ministry = [[14th Canadian Ministry|14th]]
|start_date = 25 September
|start_year = 1926
|end_date = 7 August
|end_year = 1930
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1926
|event1_assembly = 16th
|event1_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian3"/> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=15&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[pension|Introduction of old age pensions]]; [[Great Depression in Canada|Great Depression]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[R. B. Bennett]]
|number = 11
|image = Richard Bedford Bennett.jpg
|birth_year = 1870
|death_year = 1947
|party = [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative Party (historical)]]
|colour = {{Canadian_party_colour|Conservative (historical)}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Calgary West|Calgary West, AB]]
|ministry = [[15th Canadian Ministry|15th]]
|start_date = 7 August
|start_year = 1930
|end_date = 23 October
|end_year = 1935
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1930
|event1_assembly = 17th
|event1_note =
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian4">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=b9296f13-96f7-4c62-a577-63a5fc91ac2f&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - BENNETT, The Right Hon. Richard Bedford, P.C., K.C., K.G.St.J., LL.B |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=16&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Great Depression in Canada|Great Depression]]; [[Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission]]; [[Canadian Wheat Board]]; [[Bank of Canada|Creation of the Bank of Canada]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]
|number = 10<br><small>(3&nbsp;of&nbsp;3)</small>
|image = Wm Lyon Mackenzie King.jpg
|birth_year = 1874
|death_year = 1950
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Prince Albert (electoral district)|Prince Albert, SK]] until 1945
|riding2 = [[Glengarry (electoral district)|Glengarry, ON]]
|ministry = [[16th Canadian Ministry|16th]]
|start_date = 23 October
|start_year = 1935
|end_date = 15 November
|end_year = 1948
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1935
|event1_assembly = 18th
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1940
|event2_assembly = 19th
|event2_note =
|event3 = election
|event3_year = 1945
|event3_assembly = 20th
|event3_note =
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian3"/> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=17&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Canadian Broadcasting Company|Creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]; [[National Film Board of Canada]]; [[Bank of Canada|Nationalization of the Bank of Canada]]; [[Military history of Canada during the Second World War|Second World War]]; [[Conscription Crisis of 1944]]; [[Air Canada|Trans-Canada Airlines]]; [[Igor Gouzenko|Gouzenko Affair]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Louis St. Laurent]]
|number = 12
|image = Louisstlaurent.jpg
|birth_year = 1882
|death_year = 1973
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Quebec East|Quebec East, QC]]
|ministry = [[17th Canadian Ministry|17th]]
|start_date = 15 November
|start_year = 1948
|end_date = 21 June
|end_year = 1957
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointed
|event1_year = 1948
|event1_assembly = 20th
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1949
|event2_assembly = 21st
|event2_note =
|event3 = election
|event3_year = 1953
|event3_assembly = 22nd
|event3_note =
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian5">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=dcd2258a-b8c3-4099-bffb-7b24cce8341e&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - ST-LAURENT, The Right Hon. Louis Stephen, P.C., C.C., Q.C., B.A., LL.L., LL.D., D.C.L |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=18&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = Canada's entrance into [[NATO]] and the [[UN]]; [[Suez Crisis]]; Creation of the [[United Nations Emergency Force]]; [[London Declaration]]; [[Newfoundland Act]]; [[Equalization payments|Equalization]]; [[Trans-Canada Highway]]; [[St. Lawrence Seaway]]; [[Trans-Canada Pipeline]]; [[Pipeline Debate]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[John Diefenbaker]]
|number = 13
|image = DiefYoung.jpg
|birth_year = 1895
|death_year = 1979
|party = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA PC}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Prince Albert (electoral district)|Prince Albert, SK]]
|ministry = [[18th Canadian Ministry|18th]]
|start_date = 21 June
|start_year = 1957
|end_date = 22 April
|end_year = 1963
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1957
|event1_assembly = 23rd
|event1_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1958
|event2_assembly = 24th
|event2_note =
|event3 = election
|event3_year = 1962
|event3_assembly = 25th
|event3_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian6">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=84909dc1-9a60-44b3-a939-2393ab563089&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - DIEFENBAKER, The Right Hon. John George, C.H., P.C., Q.C., B.A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., F.R.S.A., D.Litt., D.S.L |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=19&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Avro Arrow|Avro Arrow cancellation]]; [[James Coyne|Coyne Affair]]; [[Cuban Missile Crisis]]; [[NORAD]]; [[Canadian Bill of Rights]], allowed status aboriginals to vote in federal elections 1960.
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Lester B. Pearson]]
|number = 14
|image = Lester B. Pearson with a pencil.jpg
|birth_year = 1897
|death_year = 1972
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Algoma East|Algoma East, ON]]
|ministry = [[19th Canadian Ministry|19th]]
|start_date = 22 April
|start_year = 1963
|end_date = 20 April
|end_year = 1968
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1963
|event1_assembly = 26th
|event1_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1965
|event2_assembly = 27th
|event2_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian7">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=51c861ef-0f17-4a79-8d9b-0854fb3ef33f&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - PEARSON, The Right Hon. Lester Bowles, P.C., C.C., O.M., O.B.E., B.A., M.A., LL.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=20&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Bomarc|Bomarc missile program]]; [[Medicare (Canada)|Introduction of Canadian universal healthcare]]; [[Canada Pension Plan]]; [[Canada Student Loans]]; [[Flag of Canada|Creation of a new Canadian flag]]; [[Auto Pact]]; [[Canada and the Vietnam War|Rejection of troop deployment to Vietnam]]; [[Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism]]; [[White Paper on Defence|Creation of the Canadian Forces]]; [[Canadian Centennial|1967 Canadian Centennial celebrations]]; [[1957 Nobel Peace Prize for role in defusing the Suez Crisis]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Pierre Trudeau]]
|number = 15<br/><small>(1&nbsp;of&nbsp;2)</small>
|image = Pierre Elliot Trudeau-2.jpg
|birth_year = 1919
|death_year = 2000
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Mount Royal (electoral district)|Mount Royal, QC]]
|ministry = [[20th Canadian Ministry|20th]]
|start_date = 20 April
|start_year = 1968
|end_date = 3/4 June{{ref_label|interpretation_act|*}}
|end_year = 1979
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 1968
|event1_assembly = 27th
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1968
|event2_assembly = 28th
|event2_note =
|event3 = election
|event3_year = 1972
|event3_assembly = 29th
|event3_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|event4 = election
|event4_year = 1974
|event4_assembly = 30th
|event4_note =
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian8">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=3e66b4c9-6dae-4083-8d96-5d3f94979e94&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - TRUDEAU, The Right Hon. Pierre Elliott, P.C., C.C., C.H., Q.C., M.A., LL.L., LL.D., F.R.S.C |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]]; "[[Trudeaumania]]"; "[[Just Society]]"; [[October Crisis]]; [[War Measures Act|Use of the War Measures Act]]; [[Official Languages Act (Canada)|Official Languages Act]]; Establishment of relations with [[China]]; [[Petro-Canada|Creation of Petro-Canada]]; [[G7|Membership in the G7]]; [[Metric Commission]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Joe Clark]]
|number = 16
|image = JoeClark.jpg
|birth_year = 1939
|death_year =
|party = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA PC}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Yellowhead (electoral district)|Yellowhead, AB]]
|ministry = [[21st Canadian Ministry|21st]]
|start_date = 4 June
|start_year = 1979
|end_date = 2/3 March{{ref_label|interpretation_act|*}}
|end_year = 1980
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1979
|event1_assembly = 31st
|event1_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian9">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=a247d1d3-3b05-46ac-b9f3-6622ab25d695&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - CLARK, The Right Hon. Charles Joseph, P.C., C.C., A.O.E., B.A., M.A., LL.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = Youngest Canadian PM. Defeated in a [[motion of no confidence]] on tax proposals.
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Pierre Trudeau]]
|number = 15<br/><small>(2&nbsp;of&nbsp;2)</small>
|image = Pierre Elliot Trudeau-2.jpg
|birth_year = 1919
|death_year = 2000
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Mount Royal (electoral district)|Mount Royal, QC]]
|ministry = [[22nd Canadian Ministry|22nd]]
|start_date = 3 March
|start_year = 1980
|end_date = 29/30 June{{ref_label|interpretation_act|*}}
|end_year = 1984
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1980
|event1_assembly = 32nd
|event1_note =
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian8"/>
|accomplishments = [[National Energy Program|Introduction of the NEP]]; [[1980 Quebec referendum|1980 Referendum]]; [[Access to Information Act]]; [[Constitution Act, 1982|Patriation of the Canadian Constitution]]; [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]; [[Canada Health Act]]; [[Western alienation]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[John Turner]]
|number = 17
|image = Fmr CDN PM John Turner.jpg
|birth_year = 1929
|death_year =
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding_alt = Did not serve in Parliament while Prime Minister
|ministry = [[23rd Canadian Ministry|23rd]]
|start_date = 30 June
|start_year = 1984
|end_date = 16/17 September{{ref_label|interpretation_act|*}}
|end_year = 1984
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 1984
|event1_assembly = 32nd
|event1_note =
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian10">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=2d6cfb9d-1d91-419c-835b-2bc796126fab&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - TURNER, The Right Hon. John Napier, P.C., C.C., Q.C., M.A., LL.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[John Turner#Prime minister|Trudeau Patronage Appointments]]. Never sat in parliament as Prime Minister.
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Brian Mulroney]]
|number = 18
|image = Mulroney.jpg
|birth_year = 1939
|death_year =
|party = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA PC}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Manicouagan (electoral district)|Manicouagan, QC]] until 1988
|riding2 = [[Charlevoix (electoral district)|Charlevoix, QC]]
|ministry = [[24th Canadian Ministry|24th]]
|start_date = 17 September
|start_year = 1984
|end_date = 24/25 June{{ref_label|interpretation_act|*}}
|end_year = 1993
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1984
|event1_assembly = 33rd
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1988
|event2_assembly = 34th
|event2_note =
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian11">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=1335c5d9-2c4e-4ed4-b8d2-c85f1099e8d8&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MULRONEY, The Right Hon. Martin Brian, P.C., C.C., G.O.Q., B.A., LL.L |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[National Energy Program|Cancellation of the NEP]]; [[Meech Lake Accord]]; [[Air India Flight 182|Air India bombing]]; [[Canada-US Free Trade Agreement]]; [[Goods and Services Tax (Canada)|Introduction of the GST]]; [[Charlottetown Accord]]; [[Shamrock Summit|Good relations with Ronald Reagan]]; [[Petro-Canada|Petro-Canada privatization]]; [[Military history of Canada#Gulf War|Gulf War]]; [[École Polytechnique massacre]]; [[Oka Crisis]]; [[Canadian Environmental Protection Act|Environmental Protection Act]]; [[North American Free Trade Agreement|NAFTA]]; [[Airbus affair]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Kim Campbell]]
|number = 19
|image = KimCampbell.jpg
|birth_year = 1947
|death_year =
|party = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA PC}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Vancouver Centre|Vancouver Centre, BC]]
|ministry = [[25th Canadian Ministry|25th]]
|start_date = 25 June
|start_year = 1993
|end_date = 3/4 November{{ref_label|interpretation_act|*}}
|end_year = 1993
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 1993
|event1_assembly = 34th
|event1_note =
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian12">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=10048127-35a6-4f46-8dda-e7afb7584c09&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - CAMPBELL, The Right Hon. A. Kim, P.C., C.C., Q.C., B.A., LL.B., LL.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = First female Prime Minister of Canada. Defeated and lost her seat in [[Canadian federal election, 1993|1993 election]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Jean Chrétien]]
|number = 20
|image = Jean Chretien 2010.jpg
|birth_year = 1934
|death_year =
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Saint-Maurice (electoral district)|Saint-Maurice, QC]]
|ministry = [[26th Canadian Ministry|26th]]
|start_date = 4 November
|start_year = 1993
|end_date = 11/12 December{{ref_label|interpretation_act|*}}
|end_year = 2003
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 1993
|event1_assembly = 35th
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 1997
|event2_assembly = 36th
|event2_note =
|event3 = election
|event3_year = 2000
|event3_assembly = 37th
|event3_note =
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian13">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=2aa8c3e9-f46e-4c78-b9ff-04bec0ed5050&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - CHRÉTIEN, The Right Hon. Joseph Jacques Jean, P.C., C.C., O.M., Q.C., B.A., LL.L., LL.D |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Red Book (Liberal Party of Canada)|Red Book]]; [[Harmonized Sales Tax|HST]]; [[1995 Quebec referendum|1995 Referendum]]; [[Clarity Act]]; [[Andre Dallaire|Assassination attempt]]; [[Military history of Canada#Kosovo War - Operation Allied Force|Kosovo War]]; [[1997 Red River Flood]]; [[Social Union Framework Agreement]]; [[Nunavut|Creation of Nunavut Territory]]; [[Youth Criminal Justice Act]]; [[Shawinigan Handshake]]; [[Canada's role in the invasion of Afghanistan|Invasion of Afghanistan]]; [[Canada and the Iraq War|Opposition to the Invasion of Iraq]]; [[Sponsorship scandal]]; [[Kyoto Protocol]]; [[Gomery Inquiry]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Paul Martin]]
|number = 21
|image = Paul martin 2004.jpg
|birth_year = 1938
|death_year =
|party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Liberal}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[LaSalle—Émard|LaSalle—Émard, QC]]
|ministry = [[27th Canadian Ministry|27th]]
|start_date = 12 December
|start_year = 2003
|end_date = 5/6 February{{ref_label|interpretation_act|*}}
|end_year = 2006
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = appointment
|event1_year = 2003
|event1_assembly = 37th
|event1_note =
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 2004
|event2_assembly = 38th
|event2_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|references = <ref name="parliamentarian11">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=1335c5d9-2c4e-4ed4-b8d2-c85f1099e8d8&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MULRONEY, The Right Hon. Martin Brian, P.C., C.C., G.O.Q., B.A., LL.L |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = <small>[[38th Canadian Parliament|Minority government]]. [[Sponsorship scandal]]; [[Gomery inquiry]]; [[Bill C-38|Civil Marriage Act]]; [[Kelowna Accord]]; [[National Missile Defense in Canada|Rejection of US Anti-Missile Treaty]]; [[G20]]; [[Atlantic Accord]].</small>
}}

{{Canadian first minister list
|name = [[Stephen Harper]]
|number = 22
|image = Stephen Harper by Remy Steinegger.jpg
|birth_year = 1959
|death_year =
|party = [[Conservative Party of Canada]]
|colour = {{Canadian party colour|CA Conservative}}
|leadership =
|member_title = MP
|riding = [[Calgary Southwest|Calgary Southwest, AB]]
|ministry = [[28th Canadian Ministry|28th]]
|start_date = 6 February
|start_year = 2006
|end_date =
|end_year = [[Incumbent]]
|election_type = Canadian federal election
|assembly_type = Canadian Parliament
|assembly_short = Parl't
|event1 = election
|event1_year = 2006
|event1_assembly = 39th
|event1_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|event2 = election
|event2_year = 2008
|event2_assembly = 40th
|event2_note = {{ref_label|minority|Min.}}
|event3 = election
|event3_year = 2011
|event3_assembly = 41st
|event3_note =
|references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=0218bf67-ef3a-4a8d-8ab4-0229e4fcaa54&Language=E&MenuID=Compilations.FederalGovernment.PrimeMinisters.Gallery.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2FCompilations%2FFederalGovernment%2FPrimeMinisters%2FGallery.aspx |title=PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Contact Information - HARPER, The Right Hon. Stephen, P.C., B.A., M.A |publisher=Parliament of Canada |date= |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref>
|accomplishments = [[Federal Accountability Act]]; [[Goods and Services Tax (Canada)|GST Reduction]]; [[Canada's role in the invasion of Afghanistan#Opposition to war|Afghan Mission Extension]]; [[Chuck Cadman affair|Chuck Cadman Affair]]; [[Québécois nation motion]]; [[Head tax (Canada)|Apology for Chinese Head Tax]]; [[International reactions to the 2006 Lebanon War#Canada|Israel-Lebanon Conflict]]; [[Veterans' Bill of Rights]]; [[Canadian Indian residential school system|Residential Schools Apology]]; [[Financial crisis of 2007-2010]]; [[2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute]]; [[2009 Canadian federal budget|2009 Budget]]; [[Abousfian Abdelrazik]]; [[2009 flu pandemic]]; [[Canadian Afghan detainee issue]]; [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement|CF-35 procurement deal]]; [[Contempt of Parliament#Canada|Parliamentary contempt]].
}}

{{Canadian first minister list/bottom|colspan=9|notes=
:{{note_label|minority|Min.}} [[Minority government]]
:{{note_label|lost_seat|LS}} Party won the election, but premier lost own seat
:{{note_label|interpretation_act|*}} The Interpretation Act of 1967 states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day." Under the Act, Prime Ministers' tenures are therefore credited as having concluded at the end of their last full day in office (the earlier date given), although their resignation was received by the Governor General on the following day. This provision applies to Trudeau in 1979<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=21&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> and 1984,<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=23&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> Clark,<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=22&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> Turner,<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=24&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> Mulroney,<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=25&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> Campbell,<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=26&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> Chrétien<ref name="pco-bcp.gc.ca">{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation |url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=32&mbtpid=1#FTNote1|publisher=Privy Council Office|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> and Martin.<ref name="pco-bcp.gc.ca"/>}}


==Living former Prime Ministers==
==Living former Prime Ministers==

Revision as of 21:39, 11 June 2012

Canada's Prime Ministers from 1867 to 1967

The Prime Minister of Canada is an official who serves as the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Head of Government of Canada. Officially, the Prime Minister is appointed by the Governor General of Canada, but by constitutional convention the Prime Minister must have the confidence of the House of Commons. Normally, this is the leader of the party caucus with the greatest number of seats in the House, but if that leader lacks support of the majority in the House, the Governor General can appoint another leader who has the support of a majority, or may dissolve parliament and call a new election. By constitutional convention, a prime minister must hold a seat in parliament, and since the early 20th century this has more specifically meant the elected House of Commons.[1]

The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written portion of the Constitution of Canada; executive authority is formally vested in the sovereign and exercised on his or her behalf by the Governor General. The prime ministership is part of Canada's constitutional convention tradition. The office was initially modelled after the job as it existed in Britain at the time. Sir John A. Macdonald was formally commissioned by Lord Monck on May 24, 1867 to form the first Canadian Government under Confederation. On July 1, 1867 the First Ministry assumed office.[2]

The date for which a Prime Minister begins his or her term has been determined by the date that he or she is sworn into his or her portfolio, as an oath of office as Prime Minister is not required.[3] However, starting in 1957 the incoming Prime Minister has sworn an oath as Prime Minister; as of 2006, this tradition has continued.[3] Before 1920, the Prime Ministers' resignations were accepted immediately by the Governor General, and the last day of the ministries were the date he died, or the date of resignation.[3] Since 1920, the outgoing Prime Minister has only formally resigned when the new government is ready to be formed.[3] The Interpretation Act of 1967 states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day."[3] Although, traditionally, the outgoing Prime Minister formally resigns only hours before the incoming ministry swears their oaths, both during the day, the ministries are effectively changed at midnight, the night before. Some sources, including the Parliament of Canada, apply this convention as far back as 1917.[4]

Prime Ministers

Abbreviation key: No.: Incumbent No., Min.: Ministry
Colour key:
  Liberal Party of Canada
  Historical conservative parties: Liberal-Conservative, Conservative (historical), Unionist, National Liberal and Conservative, Progressive Conservative
  Conservative Party of Canada
Provinces key: AB: Alberta, BC: British Columbia, MB: Manitoba, NS: Nova Scotia, ON: Ontario, QC: Quebec, SK: Saskatchewan
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Electoral mandates (Assembly) Political party Riding Ref.
1
(1 of 2)
John A. Macdonald
(1815–1891) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (caretaker government)⁠

1867 election (1st Leg.)⁠

1872 election (2nd Leg.)

Liberal-Conservative Party MP for Kingston, ON [2] [5]
Minister of Justice; Integration of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory into Canada; Manitoba Act; Red River Rebellion; Confederation of British Columbia; Creation of the North-West Mounted Police; Resigned over Pacific Scandal
2
Alexander Mackenzie
(1822–1892) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (2nd Leg.)⁠

1874 election (3rd Leg.)

Liberal Party MP for Lambton, ON [6] [7]
Pacific Scandal; Creation of the Supreme Court; Establishment of the Royal Military College; Created the office of the Auditor General
1
(2 of 2)
John A. Macdonald
(1815–1891) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1878 election (4th Leg.)⁠

1882 election (5th Leg.)⁠

1887 election (6th Leg.)⁠

1891 election (7th Leg.)

Liberal-Conservative Party MP for Victoria, BC until 1882

MP for Carleton, ON until 1887
({{{riding2_term}}})

MP for Kingston, ON
({{{riding3_term}}})

[8] [9]
National Policy; North-West Rebellion; Hanging of Louis Riel. Died in office (stroke).
3
John Abbott
(1821–1893) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (7th Leg.) Liberal-Conservative Party Senator for Quebec [10] [11]
Succeeded on Macdonald's death due to objections to the Catholic John Thompson. In ill health; retired.
4
John Thompson
(1845–1894) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (7th Leg.) Liberal-Conservative Party MP for Antigonish, NS [12] [13]
Minister of Justice; First Catholic Prime Minister. Manitoba Schools Question. Died in office (heart attack).
5
Mackenzie Bowell
(1823–1917) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (7th Leg.) Conservative Party (historical) Senator for Ontario [14] [15]
Manitoba Schools Question.
6
Charles Tupper
(1821–1915) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (caretaker government) Conservative Party (historical) for [16] [17]
Aimed to defeat Patrons of Industry, but dominated by Manitoba Schools Question. Never sat in parliament as Prime Minister.
7
Wilfrid Laurier
(1841–1919) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1896 election (8th Leg.)⁠

1900 election (9th Leg.)⁠

1904 election (10th Leg.)⁠

1908 election (11th Leg.)

Liberal Party MP for Quebec East, QC [18] [19]
Manitoba Schools Question; Boer War; Confederation of Alberta and Saskatchewan; Creation of the Royal Canadian Navy; Reciprocity with the US; First French Canadian Prime Minister, removed the right for status Indians to vote.
8
Robert Borden
(1854–1937) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1911 election (12th Leg.) Conservative Party (historical) MP for Halifax, NS until 1917

MP for Kings, NS
({{{riding2_term}}})

[20] [19] [21]
First World War; Military Service Act; Conscription Crisis of 1917; Unionist Party (Canada); Creation of the National Research Council; Introduction of income tax; Winnipeg General Strike; Nickle Resolution.
9
(1 of 2)
File:ArthurMeighenheadshot.jpg
 Arthur Meighen
(1874–1960) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (13th Leg.) National Liberal and Conservative Party MP for Portage la Prairie, MB [22] [23]
—
10
(1 of 3)
William Lyon Mackenzie King
(1874–1950) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1921 election (14th Leg.)⁠

1925 election (15th Leg.)

Liberal Party MP for York North, ON until 1925

MP for Prince Albert, SK
({{{riding2_term}}})

[24] [25]
Meighen had won a plurality of seats in the 1925 election, but King continued in office with the unofficial support of the third party Progressives until the King-Byng Affair caused him to resign and Meighen to be invited to form a government.
9
(2 of 2)
File:ArthurMeighenheadshot.jpg
 Arthur Meighen
(1874–1960) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (15th Leg.) Conservative Party (historical) MP for Portage la Prairie, MB [22] [26]
Appointed as a result of the King–Byng Affair.
10
(2 of 3)
William Lyon Mackenzie King
(1874–1950) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1926 election (16th Leg.) Liberal Party MP for Prince Albert, SK [24] [27]
Introduction of old age pensions; Great Depression.
11
R. B. Bennett
(1870–1947) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1930 election (17th Leg.) Conservative Party (historical) MP for Calgary West, AB [28] [29]
Great Depression; Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission; Canadian Wheat Board; Creation of the Bank of Canada.
10
(3 of 3)
William Lyon Mackenzie King
(1874–1950) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1935 election (18th Leg.)⁠

1940 election (19th Leg.)⁠

1945 election (20th Leg.)

Liberal Party MP for Prince Albert, SK until 1945

MP for Glengarry, ON
({{{riding2_term}}})

[24] [30]
Creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation; National Film Board of Canada; Nationalization of the Bank of Canada; Second World War; Conscription Crisis of 1944; Trans-Canada Airlines; Gouzenko Affair.
12
Louis St. Laurent
(1882–1973) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent  (20th Leg.)⁠

1949 election (21st Leg.)⁠

1953 election (22nd Leg.)

Liberal Party MP for Quebec East, QC [31] [32]
Canada's entrance into NATO and the UN; Suez Crisis; Creation of the United Nations Emergency Force; London Declaration; Newfoundland Act; Equalization; Trans-Canada Highway; St. Lawrence Seaway; Trans-Canada Pipeline; Pipeline Debate.
13
File:DiefYoung.jpg
 John Diefenbaker
(1895–1979) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1957 election (23rd Leg.)⁠

1958 election (24th Leg.)⁠

1962 election (25th Leg.)

Progressive Conservative Party MP for Prince Albert, SK [33] [34]
Avro Arrow cancellation; Coyne Affair; Cuban Missile Crisis; NORAD; Canadian Bill of Rights, allowed status aboriginals to vote in federal elections 1960.
14
Lester B. Pearson
(1897–1972) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1963 election (26th Leg.)⁠

1965 election (27th Leg.)

Liberal Party MP for Algoma East, ON [35] [36]
Bomarc missile program; Introduction of Canadian universal healthcare; Canada Pension Plan; Canada Student Loans; Creation of a new Canadian flag; Auto Pact; Rejection of troop deployment to Vietnam; Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism; Creation of the Canadian Forces; 1967 Canadian Centennial celebrations; 1957 Nobel Peace Prize for role in defusing the Suez Crisis.
15
(1 of 2)
Pierre Trudeau
(1919–2000) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (27th Leg.)⁠

1968 election (28th Leg.)⁠

1972 election (29th Leg.)⁠

1974 election (30th Leg.)

Liberal Party MP for Mount Royal, QC [37]
Minister of Justice; "Trudeaumania"; "Just Society"; October Crisis; Use of the War Measures Act; Official Languages Act; Establishment of relations with China; Creation of Petro-Canada; Membership in the G7; Metric Commission.
16
Joe Clark
(b. 1939) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1979 election (31st Leg.) Progressive Conservative Party MP for Yellowhead, AB [38]
Youngest Canadian PM. Defeated in a motion of no confidence on tax proposals.
15
(2 of 2)
Pierre Trudeau
(1919–2000) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1980 election (32nd Leg.) Liberal Party MP for Mount Royal, QC [37]
Introduction of the NEP; 1980 Referendum; Access to Information Act; Patriation of the Canadian Constitution; Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; Canada Health Act; Western alienation.
17
John Turner
(b. 1929) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (32nd Leg.) Liberal Party MP for {{{riding}}} [39]
Trudeau Patronage Appointments. Never sat in parliament as Prime Minister.
18
Brian Mulroney
(b. 1939) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1984 election (33rd Leg.)⁠

1988 election (34th Leg.)

Progressive Conservative Party MP for Manicouagan, QC until 1988

MP for Charlevoix, QC
({{{riding2_term}}})

[40]
Cancellation of the NEP; Meech Lake Accord; Air India bombing; Canada-US Free Trade Agreement; Introduction of the GST; Charlottetown Accord; Good relations with Ronald Reagan; Petro-Canada privatization; Gulf War; École Polytechnique massacre; Oka Crisis; Environmental Protection Act; NAFTA; Airbus affair.
19
Kim Campbell
(b. 1947) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (34th Leg.) Progressive Conservative Party MP for Vancouver Centre, BC [41]
First female Prime Minister of Canada. Defeated and lost her seat in 1993 election.
20
Jean Chrétien
(b. 1934) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 1993 election (35th Leg.)⁠

1997 election (36th Leg.)⁠

2000 election (37th Leg.)

Liberal Party MP for Saint-Maurice, QC [42]
Red Book; HST; 1995 Referendum; Clarity Act; Assassination attempt; Kosovo War; 1997 Red River Flood; Social Union Framework Agreement; Creation of Nunavut Territory; Youth Criminal Justice Act; Shawinigan Handshake; Invasion of Afghanistan; Opposition to the Invasion of Iraq; Sponsorship scandal; Kyoto Protocol; Gomery Inquiry.
21
Paul Martin
(b. 1938) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent Appointment (37th Leg.)⁠

2004 election (38th Leg.)

Liberal Party MP for LaSalle—Émard, QC [40]
Minority government. Sponsorship scandal; Gomery inquiry; Civil Marriage Act; Kelowna Accord; Rejection of US Anti-Missile Treaty; G20; Atlantic Accord.
22
Stephen Harper
(b. 1959) 		16 September
2024 		incumbent 2006 election (39th Leg.)⁠

2008 election (40th Leg.)⁠

2011 election (41st Leg.)

Conservative Party of Canada MP for Calgary Southwest, AB [43]
Federal Accountability Act; GST Reduction; Afghan Mission Extension; Chuck Cadman Affair; Québécois nation motion; Apology for Chinese Head Tax; Israel-Lebanon Conflict; Veterans' Bill of Rights; Residential Schools Apology; Financial crisis of 2007-2010; 2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute; 2009 Budget; Abousfian Abdelrazik; 2009 flu pandemic; Canadian Afghan detainee issue; CF-35 procurement deal; Parliamentary contempt.
Min. Minority government
LS Party won the election, but premier lost own seat
* The Interpretation Act of 1967 states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day." Under the Act, Prime Ministers' tenures are therefore credited as having concluded at the end of their last full day in office (the earlier date given), although their resignation was received by the Governor General on the following day. This provision applies to Trudeau in 1979[44] and 1984,[45] Clark,[46] Turner,[47] Mulroney,[48] Campbell,[49] Chrétien[50] and Martin.[50]

Living former Prime Ministers

As of March 2011, there are six living former Prime Ministers of Canada, the oldest being John Turner (1984, born 1929). The most recent former Prime Minister to die was Pierre Trudeau (1968–1979, 1980–1984), on 28 September 2000. John A. Macdonald (1867–1873, 1878–1891), and John Thompson (1892–1894) are the only serving Prime Ministers to die in office.

Name Term of office Date of birth
Joe Clark 1979–1980 (1939-06-05) 5 June 1939 (age 85)
John Turner 1984 (1929-06-07) 7 June 1929 (age 95)
Brian Mulroney 1984–1993 (1939-03-20) 20 March 1939 (age 85)
Kim Campbell 1993 (1947-03-10) 10 March 1947 (age 77)
Jean Chrétien 1993–2003 (1934-01-11) 11 January 1934 (age 90)
Paul Martin 2003–2006 (1938-08-28) 28 August 1938 (age 86)

See also

Template:Wikipedia books

References

  1. ^ Forsey, Eugene (2005), How Canadians Govern Themselves (PDF) (6 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 38, ISBN 0-662-39689-8, retrieved 24 March 2011
  2. ^ a b "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Life of a Ministry". Government of Canada Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  4. ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  5. ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MACKENZIE, The Hon. Alexander, P.C". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  6. ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  7. ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MACDONALD, The Right Hon. Sir John Alexander, P.C., G.C.B., Q.C., D.C.L., LL.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  8. ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  9. ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - ABBOTT, The Hon. Sir John Joseph Caldwell, P.C., Q.C., K.C.M.G., B.C.L., D.C.L". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  10. ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  11. ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - THOMPSON, The Right Hon. Sir John Sparrow David, P.C., K.C.M.G., Q.C". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  12. ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  13. ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - BOWELL, The Hon. Sir Mackenzie, P.C., K.C.M.G". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  14. ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  15. ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - TUPPER, The Right Hon. Sir Charles, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C.M.G., C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D". Parliament of Canada. 30 October 1915. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  16. ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  17. ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - LAURIER, The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., B.C.L., D.C.L., LL.D., Litt.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
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Further reading

Main article: List of books about Prime Ministers of Canada
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