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→‎History: http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100044612 Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League of Nations in London
https://web.archive.org/web/20140228090928/http://www.arkivverket.no/arkivverket/Bruk-av-arkiv/Nettutstillinger/Nansen-passet/Nansenkontoret
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}}</ref> By 1942, they were honoured by governments in 52 countries. Approximately 450,000 Nansen passports were provided<ref>[http://snl.no/Nansen-pass Nansen-pass] [[Store Norske Leksikon]], retrieved December 11, 2012</ref> to stateless people and refugees who needed travel documents but could not obtain one from a national authority.
}}</ref> By 1942, they were honoured by governments in 52 countries. Approximately 450,000 Nansen passports were provided<ref>[http://snl.no/Nansen-pass Nansen-pass] [[Store Norske Leksikon]], retrieved December 11, 2012</ref> to stateless people and refugees who needed travel documents but could not obtain one from a national authority.


The Nansen passport was originally provided to refugees from the [[Russian civil war]]. It is estimated that about 800,000 Russian refugees had become stateless when [[Lenin]] revoked citizenship for all Russian expatriates in 1921.<ref>[http://www.arkivverket.no/arkivverket/Bruk-av-arkiv/Nettutstillinger/Nansen-passet/Humanisten-Nansen Arkivverket.no] (in Norwegian), retrieved December 11, 2012</ref>
The Nansen passport was originally provided to refugees from the [[Russian civil war]]. It is estimated that about 800,000 Russian refugees had become stateless when [[Lenin]] revoked citizenship for all Russian expatriates in 1921.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150801081938/http://www.arkivverket.no/eng/Using-the-Archives/Online-Exhibitions/The-Nansen-Passport/Nansen-the-humanist Nansen the humanist], retrieved December 11, 2012</ref>


In 1933, the arrangement was broadened to also include [[Armenians|Armenian]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]], and [[Turkish people|Turkish]] refugees.<ref>[http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3dd8b5802.pdf Arrangement of 12 May 1926 relating to the Issue of Identity Certificates to Russian and Armenian Refugees League of Nations, Treaty Series Vol. LXXXIX, No. 2004]</ref>
In 1933, the arrangement was broadened to also include [[Armenians|Armenian]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]], and [[Turkish people|Turkish]] refugees.<ref>[http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3dd8b5802.pdf Arrangement of 12 May 1926 relating to the Issue of Identity Certificates to Russian and Armenian Refugees League of Nations, Treaty Series Vol. LXXXIX, No. 2004]</ref>


Following Nansen's death in 1930, the passport was handled by the [[Nansen International Office for Refugees]] within the League of Nations. At that point the passport no longer included a reference to the 1922 conference, but were issued in the name of the League. The office was closed in 1938; passports were thereafter issued by a new agency, the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League of Nations in London.<ref>http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100044612</ref><ref>[http://www.arkivverket.no/eng/Using-the-Archives/Online-Exhibitions/The-Nansen-Passport/The-Nansen-Office The Nansen Office] Arkivverket. Retrieved 2 December 2014</ref>
Following Nansen's death in 1930, the passport was handled by the [[Nansen International Office for Refugees]] within the League of Nations. At that point the passport no longer included a reference to the 1922 conference, but were issued in the name of the League. The office was closed in 1938; passports were thereafter issued by a new agency, the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League of Nations in London.<ref>http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100044612</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194953/https://www.arkivverket.no/eng/Using-the-Archives/Online-Exhibitions/The-Nansen-Passport/The-Nansen-Office The Nansen Office] Arkivverket. Retrieved 2 December 2014</ref>


[[File:1927 British issued Nansen identity certificate.jpg|thumb|1927 British issued Nansen identity certificate, used for traveling to British Palestine, issued to a Russian Jewish refugee.]]
[[File:1927 British issued Nansen identity certificate.jpg|thumb|1927 British issued Nansen identity certificate, used for traveling to British Palestine, issued to a Russian Jewish refugee.]]
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*[[Rabbi]] [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]]
*[[Rabbi]] [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]]
* [[Otto Skorzeny]]{{cn|date=September 2015}}
* [[Otto Skorzeny]]{{cn|date=September 2015}}
*[[Igor Stravinsky]]<ref>[http://www.arkivverket.no/arkivverket/Bruk-av-arkiv/Nettutstillinger/Nansen-passet/Nansenkontoret Nansenkontoret] Arkivverket.no (in Norwegian), retrieved December 11, 2012</ref>
*[[Igor Stravinsky]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140228090928/http://www.arkivverket.no/arkivverket/Bruk-av-arkiv/Nettutstillinger/Nansen-passet/Nansenkontoret Nansenkontoret] Arkivverket.no (in Norwegian), retrieved December 11, 2012</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150723061812/http://www.arkivverket.no/eng/Using-the-Archives/Online-Exhibitions/The-Nansen-Passport/The-Nansen-Office The Nansen Office] Arkivverket.no, retrieved December 11, 2012</ref>
*[[Dries Riphagen]]
*[[Dries Riphagen]]


Revision as of 15:52, 11 October 2017

Nansen passport
The front cover of a Nansen passport (green stripe)
TypePassport
Issued byLeague of Nations
First issued1922
PurposeIdentification
EligibilityStateless refugees
Expiration1938

Nansen passports, officially stateless persons passports, were internationally recognized refugee travel documents from 1922 to 1938, first issued by the League of Nations to stateless refugees.[1] They quickly became known as "Nansen passports" for their promoter, the statesman and polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen.

History

The first Nansen passports were issued following an international agreement reached at the Intergovernmental Conference on Identity Certificates for Russian Refugees, convened by Fridtjof Nansen in Geneva from July 3, 1922 to July 5, 1922[2] in his role as High Commissioner for Refugees for the League of Nations.[3] By 1942, they were honoured by governments in 52 countries. Approximately 450,000 Nansen passports were provided[4] to stateless people and refugees who needed travel documents but could not obtain one from a national authority.

The Nansen passport was originally provided to refugees from the Russian civil war. It is estimated that about 800,000 Russian refugees had become stateless when Lenin revoked citizenship for all Russian expatriates in 1921.[5]

In 1933, the arrangement was broadened to also include Armenian, Assyrian, and Turkish refugees.[6]

Following Nansen's death in 1930, the passport was handled by the Nansen International Office for Refugees within the League of Nations. At that point the passport no longer included a reference to the 1922 conference, but were issued in the name of the League. The office was closed in 1938; passports were thereafter issued by a new agency, the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League of Nations in London.[7][8]

1927 British issued Nansen identity certificate, used for traveling to British Palestine, issued to a Russian Jewish refugee.
German NANSEN travel document 1938 used for the United Kingdom.
German NANSEN travel document 1932 (blank).

Nobel Peace Prize

The Nansen International Office for Refugees was awarded the 1938 Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts to establish the Nansen passports.[9][10]

Today

While Nansen passports are no longer issued, existing national and supranational authorities, including the United Nations, issue travel documents for stateless people and refugees, including certificates of identity (or "alien's passports") and refugee travel documents.

Notable holders

References

  1. ^ "The Little-Known Passport That Protected 450,000 Refugees" Atlas Obscura, Retrieved 10 October 2017
  2. ^ League of Nations 5 July 1922 Arrangement with respect to the issue of certificates of identity to Russian Refugees. League of Nations, Treaty Series Vol. XIII No. 355
  3. ^ "Documents from the League of Nations Archives" (PDF). Refugee Survey Quarterly. 22 (1): 71–73. 2003. doi:10.1093/rsq/22.1.71. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  4. ^ Nansen-pass Store Norske Leksikon, retrieved December 11, 2012
  5. ^ Nansen the humanist, retrieved December 11, 2012
  6. ^ Arrangement of 12 May 1926 relating to the Issue of Identity Certificates to Russian and Armenian Refugees League of Nations, Treaty Series Vol. LXXXIX, No. 2004
  7. ^ http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100044612
  8. ^ The Nansen Office Arkivverket. Retrieved 2 December 2014
  9. ^ Fridtjof Nansen, Nobelprize.org, 1922. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  10. ^ The Nansen International Office for Refugees - Nobel Lecture Nobel Address, December 10, 1938
  11. ^ Mumford, David (2015). "(Obituary) Alexander Grothendieck (1928-2014) Mathematician who rebuilt algebraic geometry". Retrieved 2015-10-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ Nansenkontoret Arkivverket.no (in Norwegian), retrieved December 11, 2012
  13. ^ The Nansen Office Arkivverket.no, retrieved December 11, 2012
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