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2022 Philippine presidential election

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2022 Philippine presidential election
← 2016 May 9, 2022 2028 →
Opinion polls
TurnoutTBD
 
Leody_de_Guzman_filing_his_CoC_2021.jpg
Sen._Panfilo_M._Lacson_cropped.jpg
Candidate Leody de Guzman Panfilo Lacson
Party PLM Reporma
Running mate Walden Bello Tito Sotto
 
IskoMorenoOfficialPortrait.jpg
Pacquiao_and_Didal_(cropped).jpg
Leni Robredo Portrait.png
Candidate Isko Moreno Manny Pacquiao Leni Robredo
Party Aksyon PROMDI Independent[a]
Running mate Willie Ong Lito Atienza Francis Pangilinan
Map showing which city and provincial certificates of canvass will be canvassed by Congress. General Santos and Mandaue will have its results canvassed separately from South Cotabato and Cebu respectively for the first time. Metro Manila is shown at the inset in the upper right.
Incumbent President

Rodrigo Duterte
PDP–Laban



2022 Philippine vice presidential election
← 2016 May 9, 2022 2028 →
Opinion polls
 
Rep._Lito_Atienza,_Jr_(18th_Congress_PH).jpg
Walden.jpg
Candidate Lito Atienza Walden Bello
Party PROMDI PLM
 
Willie_Ong,_2018.jpg
Senkikopangilinan.jpg
Sen._Pres_Vicente_Sotto_(cropped).jpg
Candidate Willie Ong Kiko Pangilinan Tito Sotto
Party Aksyon Liberal NPC
Map showing the provinces of the Philippines. The inset shows Metro Manila.
Incumbent Vice President

Leni Robredo
Liberal



Politics of the Philippines
Government
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Constitutional commissions
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
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flag Philippines portal

The 2022 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections are scheduled to be held on Monday, May 9, 2022, as part of the 2022 general election. This will be the 17th direct presidential election and 16th vice presidential election in the Philippines since 1935, and the sixth sextennial presidential and vice presidential election since 1992.

Incumbent president Rodrigo Duterte is ineligible for re-election as he is limited to a single term, under the 1987 Philippine Constitution. The position of president and vice president are elected separately; the two winning candidates could thus come from different political parties.

The 2022 presidential election will be the first where all candidates for president were born after World War II ended.

Electoral system

Main article: Presidential elections in the Philippines

According to the Constitution of the Philippines of 1987, the election is held every six years after 1992, on the second Monday of May. The incumbent president is term-limited. The incumbent vice president may run for two consecutive terms. The first-past-the-post voting system is used to determine the winner: the candidate with the highest number of votes, whether or not one has a majority, wins the presidency. The vice-presidential election is separate, is held on the same rules, and voters may split their ticket. If two or more candidates get the most votes for either position, Congress shall vote from among them which shall be president or vice president, as the case may be. Both winners will serve six-year terms commencing at noon on June 30, 2022, and ending on the same day, six years later.[1]

Background

See also: 2016 Philippine presidential election and 2019 Philippine Senate election
The 2022 election will decide the successor of both President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo. In this photo, Duterte is inducting Robredo to head the HUDCC.

In the 2016 presidential and vice presidential elections, Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (transl. Philippine Democratic Party-People Power; PDP–Laban) won the presidency against four other candidates, while House representative from Camarines Sur Leni Robredo of the Liberal Party won against Senator Bongbong Marcos and four others in the vice presidential election that is the closest margin since 1965. Marcos put the result under protest in the Presidential Electoral Tribunal.[2]

On Marcos's electoral protest against Robredo, the Presidential Electoral Tribunal released in October 2019 the report on Marcos's pilot provinces of Camarines Sur, Iloilo and Negros Oriental, and showed that Robredo increased her lead by 15,742 votes. The tribunal voted to defer on deciding on the protest and instead proceeded with Marcos's plea to nullify the votes from the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) provinces of Basilan, Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao. Those who dissented to the decision said that the protest should have been dismissed, as Marcos failed to recover votes from his 3 pilot provinces, citing the rules of the tribunal; they were overruled when the others said that Marcos's plea on the ARMM provinces should also be resolved.[3]

In July 2016, Vice President Robredo was appointed to head the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC),[4] but later resigned in December 2016 after she was told to stop attending all cabinet meetings, amid her criticism of the administration's war on drugs.[5] The president later told his allies to stop trying to impeach Robredo.[6]

In the 17th Congress, the representative from Davao del Norte, Pantaleon Alvarez, was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives in July 2016.[7] Midway during the 17th Congress, former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who was the representative from Pampanga, ousted Alvarez from the speakership. The ouster was reportedly due to a dispute between Alvarez and Davao City mayor Sara Duterte, the president's daughter, when the latter branded the former as being from the opposition when she launched the Hugpong ng Pagbabago (transl. Alliance for Change; HNP), a regional political party in the Davao Region where both Davao del Norte and Davao City are a part of.[8]

In the 2019 midterm Senate election, the opposition fielded the Otso Diretso (transl. Straight Eight) coalition,[9] while the administration fielded their slate under the Hugpong ng Pagbabago banner.[10] Hugpong won 9 of the 12 seats contested, while Otso Diretso won no seats. Cynthia Villar, wife of defeated 2010 presidential candidate Manuel Villar, topped the election, while 2013's Senate election topnotcher and 2016 defeated presidential candidate Grace Poe finished second.[11] While Sara Duterte's Hugpong won in the Davao Region, they notably failed to unseat Alvarez, and PDP–Laban defeated Hugpong's candidate for governor of Davao del Norte, and won the province's both seats in the House of Representatives.[12]

Administration-allied parties also won in the House of Representatives, but there was a dispute on who should be Speaker. President Duterte negotiated a term-sharing agreement with Alan Peter Cayetano and Lord Allan Velasco, with the former serving the first 15 months of the term, while Velasco will serve out the final 18 months.[13] Meanwhile, Tito Sotto was re-elected as Senate President.[14]

In November 2019, the president challenged Robredo to co-chair the Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs (ICAD), the office that oversees the war on drugs, along with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency chief, which she accepted.[15] A week later, Duterte said that he will fire Robredo if she shares state secrets about the drug war.[16] Several days later, Duterte said he cannot trust Robredo after she asked the government for a list of high-value targets in the drug war.[17] Robredo replied that "He should tell me straight if he wants me out."[18] A day later, Duterte fired Robredo as co-chair of the ICAD.[19]

During the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, the government was criticized by the opposition on its response to the pandemic. Robredo had a televised speech in August claiming that the government had no plans on how to resolve the pandemic and shared 10 recommendations on how to resolve it.[20] Duterte himself, in a separate speech days later, asked Robredo not to "add fuel to the fire".[21]

In June 2020, American boxing promoter Bob Arum said that Senator Manny Pacquiao confided to him that he will run for president in 2022.[22] Pacquiao later denied talking about politics with Arum.[23] On December 3, 2020, Pacquiao was elected as party president of PDP–Laban, of which President Duterte is the party chairman.[24][25][26] On May 3, 2021, when Pacquiao was asked for plans of running for president, he replied "for now, let's not think about that."[27]

In March 2021, former Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonio Carpio launched "1Sambayan" (read as "isambayan", meaning "one nation"), a coalition that aimed to place one lone candidate against Duterte's endorsed successor.[28] Carpio is aiming not to split the vote, pointing out that Duterte won over Mar Roxas and Grace Poe in 2016 as those who were against him were not united.[29] 1Sambayan was considering one among Robredo, Moreno, Poe, and Senator Nancy Binay as candidates.[30] Both Moreno and Pacquiao, with the former being one of 1Sambayan's choices, stated that they do not want to talk about politics during the pandemic.[31][32] Former senator Antonio Trillanes IV said that there was never an offer from 1Sambayan for him to run, but if Robredo won't seek the presidency in 2022, he'll entertain entering the presidential race.[33]

A dispute within the PDP–Laban began on March 12, 2021[34] when Senator Pacquiao began to criticize President Duterte and the government regarding the dispute in the South China Sea, alleged corruption in the government agencies under the Duterte administration,[35][36] the government handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the endorsement of the candidates for the 2022 presidential election, leading to the creation of two factions within the party.[37]

On March 23, 2021, Senate President Tito Sotto stated that he and Panfilo Lacson were being pushed to form a tandem. Sotto said both of them are yet to be convinced on this, and when asked if he'd run for higher office in 2022, he said that he hadn't made a decision yet.[38] Lacson later declined the offer from 1Sambayan in a letter to Justice Carpio, in which he cited his principal sponsorship of the Anti-Terrorism Law as "inconsistent and incongruent" to the goals of the coalition.[39]

On June 12, 2021, 1Sambayan announced their six initial nominees who will go through the coalition's selection process for a presidential and vice-presidential tandem. The nominees (who members of the coalition may vote for as their candidate for either post) include: senator Poe, vice president Robredo, former senator Trillanes, human rights lawyer and former senatorial candidate Chel Diokno, incumbent house deputy speaker Vilma Santos-Recto, and CIBAC representative and house deputy speaker Eddie Villanueva.[40] Moreno and Binay declined 1Sambayan's offer to run under their coalition.[41] Soon after, Senator Poe and Representative Santos also withdrew their names from contention.[42][43] At the same time, Vice President Robredo, former Senator Trillanes, and Representative Villanueva expressed their support for unity in 2022 under 1Sambayan.[44]

Lacson and Sotto formally announced their candidacies on July, with their campaign to be launched in August.[45] Lacson was later sworn in as a member of the Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma (transl. Party for Democratic Reforms), the party of former secretary of Defense Renato de Villa who lost the 1998 presidential election.[46] On September 8, Lacson and Sotto formally launched their tandem via social media, in a taped production in an undisclosed studio.[47] The tandem filed their candidacies on October 6.[48]

Isko Moreno, who had returned to the political limelight after being elected as the mayor of Manila, was reportedly to take his oath as a member of Aksyon Demokratiko (transl. Democratic Action), the party founded by Senator Raul Roco.[49] This was after he resigned from the National Unity Party.[50] However, this did not happen as an unexpectedly large number of people turned up on vaccination sites, particularly in Manila.[51] Moreno was subsequently elected party president a week later.[52] He later announced his presidential bid on September 22 with Dr. Willie Ong as his running mate.[53] They filed their certificates of candidacy (COCs) on October 4.[54]

On September 30, 2021, 1Sambayan nominated Robredo as their standard bearer. On October 7, Robredo accepted the nomination and announced she will run for president.[55] She later filed her certificate of candidacy on the same day as an independent.[56] Robredo explained that she is running as an independent to show that she is open to making alliances.[57] After Vice President Robredo announced her presidential candidacy, several sources from the Liberal Party indicated that Senator Francis Pangilinan would be her running mate for her presidential bid.[58][59] Pangilinan filed his candidacy for vice president a day after Robredo.[60]

By January 2020, Bongbong Marcos confirmed that he is running "for a national position" in 2022, although he did not specify which position.[61] On September 21, 2021, the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP; transl. Federal Party of the Philippines) nominated Marcos to run for president. During the national convention of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL; transl. New Society Movement) in Binangonan, the party founded by his father, he was nominated as the party's candidate for president. Marcos, who remained a member of the Nacionalista Party, thanked KBL for the nomination, but said that he will announce his plans "when the time comes."[62] On October 5, Marcos announced his presidential candidacy.[63] Marcos then resigned from the Nacionalistas and was sworn in at the PFP chairman.[64] Marcos ultimately filed his presidential candidacy under the PFP on October 6.[65]

Davao City mayor Sara Duterte, despite being a frontrunner in early opinion polls, did not file a candidacy for a national position; she instead ran for re-election in the Davao mayoral race. She earlier stated on July 9, 2021, that she is open to running for president.[66] During the final day for the filing of candidacies, mayor Duterte did not show up; instead, Ronald dela Rosa filed his candidacy for president. dela Rosa has stated that he is open to being substituted by Duterte.[67] Dela Rosa was running alongside Go, who earlier filed his candidacy for the vice presidency on October 2, despite calls from the PDP-Laban Cusi wing for him to run for president.[68] At the end of the period for the filing of COCs, a total of 97 individuals manifested their intention to run for president, while 29 did so for vice president.[69]

On November 9, Duterte withdrew from the mayoral race in Davao. On November 11, she resigned from Hugpong ng Pagbabago and subsequently joined Lakas–CMD on the same day.[70] She filed her candidacy for the vice presidential post on November 13, 2021, substituting Lyle Fernando Uy.[71] Partido Federal ng Pilipinas adopted Duterte as their vice presidential candidate.[72] Dela Rosa and Go both withdrew their candidacies on the same day.[73] A few days later, Go launched his campaign for the presidential post.[74] Go explained that he withdrew his bid to run for vice president, to avoid complicating Sara Duterte's vice presidential campaign. President Duterte was reported to be his running mate and was to file his candidacy on November 15,[75] but filed for senator instead.[76]

Upon filing his candidacy on November 15 via substitution, presidential aspirant and former National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) spokesperson Antonio Parlade Jr. accused fellow presidential aspirant Senator Bong Go of controlling Duterte's decisions.[77] Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana dismissed Parlade's claim, calling it baseless.[78]

On November 18, 2021, President Duterte claimed that an unnamed presidential aspirant from a well-known family was using cocaine and added that the aspirant is a "weak leader" and "not a very strong leader, except for his name, the father."[79][80] The next day, presidential aspirants reacted on Duterte's statement. Leni Robredo and Leody de Guzman said that the government should file charges against the candidate allegedly using cocaine.[81][82] Isko Moreno and Panfilo Lacson denied that the statement alluded to them.[82] A report speculated that his statement was alluded to Bongbong Marcos,[83] but Marcos' camp dismissed Duterte's claims.[84] Lacson and Sotto, Marcos and Duterte, and Moreno and Ong all subsequently took drug tests and tested negative,[85][86][87] while Pacquiao presented a negative drug test from the Voluntary Anti-Doping Association.[88] Robredo, Go, and de Guzman expressed their willingness to undergo a drug test.[82][89][90]

On November 30, 2021, Go announced his intention to withdraw his candidacy for the presidency, without any substitute.[91] He earlier expressed his doubts about his presidential run on November 25.[92] The COMELEC stated that Go has to personally file his statement of withdrawal.[93] He officially withdrew on December 14.[94]

On January 17, 2022, the commission's second division dismissed the petition cancelling Marcos's candidacy. The petitioners cited Marcos's conviction on violating the National Internal Revenue Code when he didn't file income tax returns in the early 1980s when he was governor of Ilocos Norte, which allegedly carried the punishment of perpetual disqualification from public office. The commission ruled that when the crime was committed, it didn't carry the punishment cited by the petitioners, so Marcos did not misrepresent certificate of candidacy where he stated that he was not convicted of a crime of moral turpitude.[95] Marcos has a separate disqualification case in the first division; its release of the decision was delayed when several of its staffers tested positive for COVID-19.[96]

On January 22, 2022, The Jessica Soho Presidential Interviews premiered on GMA. Moreno, Robredo, Lacson, and Pacquiao participated in the interview,[97] while Marcos refused to take part; his camp stated that Soho is "biased" against him.[98] GMA later responded to the allegation and refuted his camp's statement.[99] In a separate interview in One PH, Marcos equated bias with being "anti-Marcos," adding that it was useless as he was not going to answer issues about his father's presidency.[100]

On January 23, 2022, as part of its efforts against online disinformation, Twitter suspended more than 300 accounts. Rappler has alleged that the accounts were linked to Marcos, although his camp has denied the claims.[101]

Candidates

Main article: Candidates in the 2022 Philippine presidential election

The Commission on Elections released the official list of candidates on January 25, 2022,[102] although it was finalized nine days before.[103] Some candidates can still be disqualified but still appear on the ballot; candidates can still be disqualified until their proclamation. This is ordered by the surname of the presidential candidate.

Presidential candidate Vice presidential candidate Campaign
Candidate name and party Position Candidate name and party Position
Ernesto_Abella_-_2016_(cropped).jpg
 Ernesto Abella
Independent 		Former Presidential Spokesperson none
Leody de Guzman filing his CoC 2021.jpg
 Leody de Guzman
PLM 		Labor unionist
Walden.jpg
 Walden Bello
PLM 		Former House representative for Akbayan
Details
NorbertoGonzales.jpg
 Norberto Gonzales
PDSP 		Former secretary of National Defense none
Sen. Panfilo M. Lacson cropped.jpg
 Panfilo Lacson
Reporma 		Senator
Sen._Pres_Vicente_Sotto_(cropped2).jpg
 Tito Sotto
NPC 		Senate President File:Panfilo Lacson 2022 campaign logo.png
Details
Faisal Mangondato
Katipunan 		Businessman Carlos Serapio
Katipunan 		Lawyer
Bongbong_Marcos.jpg
 Bongbong Marcos
PFP 		Former senator
Sara Duterte-Carpio in June 2019 (cropped).jpg
 Sara Duterte
Lakas 		Mayor of Davao City

Details
Jose Montemayor Jr.
DPP 		Lawyer and physician
Rizalito-david-comelec-debate.jpg
 Rizalito David
DPP 		Radio commentator
IskoMorenoOfficialPortrait.jpg
 Isko Moreno
Aksyon 		Mayor of Manila
Willie Ong, 2018.jpg
 Willie Ong
Aksyon 		Cardiologist and media personality
Details
Pacquiao and Didal (cropped).jpg
 Manny Pacquiao
PROMDI 		Senator
Rep. Lito Atienza, Jr (18th Congress PH).jpg
 Lito Atienza
PROMDI 		House representative for Buhay Details
Leni Robredo Portrait.png
 Leni Robredo
Independent 		Vice President
Senkikopangilinan.jpg
 Francis Pangilinan
Liberal 		Senator
Details
none
Manny-sd-lopez-comelec-debate.jpg
 Manny SD Lopez
WPP 		Lawyer and physician

Ernesto Abella (Independent)

Ernesto Abella said he was running since "ordinary people were being set aside", and that he was running as an independent since the ruling PDP–Laban did not choose him as their standard bearer.[104] He later said that he was confident of not being declared as a nuisance candidate.[105]

Leody de Guzman (PLM)

Main article: Leody de Guzman 2022 presidential campaign

Leody de Guzman, chairman of the Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino, a progressive labor group, ran for senator in 2019 and lost. De Guzman is running for president this time.[106]

Walden Bello (PLM)

The Laban ng Masa (transl. Struggle of the Masses) coalition launched a campaign to collect 300,000 signatures to urge activist and former party-list lawmaker Walden Bello to run for president in the 2022 elections. In a statement, Laban ng Masa said it wants to "push for an ambitious platform that focuses on the poor, prioritizes the neglected, and fights for the rights of ordinary Filipinos."[107] Bello's group sought talks with Vice President Robredo's backers for three months but were ignored. This caused them to support Leody de Guzman's presidential candidacy, instead.[108]

Later in October 20, Bello decided to run for the vice-presidency, substituting Raquel Castillo who was supposed to be de Guzman's running mate.[109]

Norberto Gonzales (PDSP)

Former secretary of National Defense Norberto Gonzales said that his campaign is "new and more politically mature approach to winning the nation's heart and its consent to govern."[110]

Panfilo Lacson (Reporma)

Main article: Panfilo Lacson 2022 presidential campaign

In July 2021, Senate President Tito Sotto confirmed that Panfilo Lacson will run for president in a tandem with him.[111][112] On September 8, the duo announced their candidacies for the upcoming election.[113]

Tito Sotto (NPC)

In July 2021, Tito Sotto announced that he will be Lacson's eventual running mate in the presidential race;[111][112] this was followed by an official campaign announcement on September 8, 2021.[113]

Faisal Mangondato (Katipunan)

Magondato, who ran for senator in 2019 and lost, filed to run for president on October 4.[114]

Carlos Serapio (Katipunan)

Serapio, Magondato's running mate, said that he will push for federalism in the Philippines if he wins.[115]

Bongbong Marcos (PFP)

Main article: Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign

By January 2020, Bongbong Marcos confirmed that he is running "for a national position" in 2022, although he did not specify which position.[61] By September 2020, Marcos's sister Imee said that her brother was still noncommittal to which position he'd run for.[116] A year later, Marcos himself confirmed that "The presidency is not taken off the table."[117] On September 21, the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP; transl. Federal Party of the Philippines) nominated Marcos to run for president. If Marcos accepts, he will be inducted as a member of the party and be made its chairman.[118] During the national convention of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL; transl. New Society Movement) in Binangonan, the party founded by his father, he was nominated as the party's candidate for president. Marcos, who remained a member of the Nacionalista Party, thanked KBL for the nomination, but said that he will announce his plans "when the time comes."[62] On October 5, Marcos announced his presidential candidacy.[63] Marcos then resigned from the Nacionalistas and was sworn in at the PFP chairman.[64] Marcos ultimately filed his presidential candidacy under the PFP.[65]

By late November, Marcos faced 3 petitions to cancel his candidacy, four petitions to disqualify him, and 1 petition to declare him as a nuisance candidate.[119] The electoral commission dismissed the petition declaring him a nuisance candidate on early December.[120] They also dismissed another petition which claims Marcos Jr. died decades ago and an impostor took his place.[121]

Sara Duterte (Lakas)

On July 9, 2021, Davao City mayor Sara Duterte said that she is open to run for president. However, there was no final decision yet.[66] On September 9, 2021, she said that she is not running for president since her father, President Duterte was running for vice president, and they agreed that only one of them will run on a national position.[122] On November 11, she resigned from Hugpong ng Pagbabago and later joined Lakas–CMD on the same day.[70] She filed her candidacy on November 13, 2021, substituting Lyle Fernando Uy.[71] Partido Federal ng Pilipinas adopted Duterte as their vice presidential candidate as Bongbong Marcos' running mate.[72] Lakas and Duterte then announced that they are supporting Marcos' presidential bid; PDP–Laban first turned down her appeal for support.[123]

Jose Montemayor Jr. (DPP)

Cardiologist Jose Montemayor Jr. vowed to eliminate COVID-19, corruption, and criminality once he becomes president.[124]

Rizalito David (DPP)

David filed his candidacy on October 8.[125] David was most notable for losing a quo warranto petition against Grace Poe in the 2016 election.[126]

Isko Moreno (Aksyon)

Main article: Isko Moreno 2022 presidential campaign

At the start of 2021, pollster Pulse Asia published an opinion poll showing Isko Moreno in second place for president, and statistically tied for first with President Duterte in the vice presidential race.[127] The 1Sambayan convenors group then included Moreno as one of the people they are choosing to run for president.[30] Moreno begged off, as he was concentrating on his mayoral duties.[128] By June, Moreno informed them that they are declining their offer.[41] On September, Moreno was named president of Aksyon Demokratiko, the party founded by the late Raul Roco.[52] Moreno announced his candidacy on September 22; his running mate will be Dr. Willie Ong.[53]

Willie Ong (Aksyon)

Ong will be the running mate of Moreno; their ticket was officially announced on September 22, 2021.[53]

Manny Pacquiao (PROMDI)

Main article: Manny Pacquiao 2022 presidential campaign

Boxing promoter Bob Arum said in June 2020 that Manny Pacquiao told him that he'd run for president instead of defending his Senate seat in 2022.[129] A few days later, Pacquiao denied talking to Arum about politics.[130] A year after that, sports official and former Bacolod mayor and representative Monico Puentebella said that Pacquiao is running for president, and that he was authorized by the latter to talk about politics.[131] In September 2021, Pacquiao said that he only had three options in politics: run for president, run for reelection in the Senate, or retire from politics altogether.[132] On September 19, he accepted the nomination of the PDP-Laban faction led by senator Koko Pimentel.[133] On October 1, 2021, Pacquiao filed his certificate of candidacy for the presidency under PROMDI, the party founded by the late Cebu governor Lito Osmeña.[134]

Lito Atienza (PROMDI)

Buhay Party-List representative Lito Atienza was chosen by Pacquiao as his vice presidential running mate.[135]

Leni Robredo (Independent)

Main article: Leni Robredo 2022 presidential campaign

On September 30, 2021, 1Sambayan coalition (the coalition of the opposition), nominated Robredo as their standard bearer.[136] According to Armin Luistro, one of the conveyor of 1Sambayan, Robredo accepted the nomination and will file her candidacy on October 5.[137] Robredo's spokesman clarified that she hasn't accepted a decision yet, but will make a decision on this before October 8.[138]

On October 7, Robredo accepted the nomination and announced she will run for president.[55] She later filed her certificate of candidacy on the same day as an independent.[56] Robredo explained that she is running as an independent to show that she is open to making alliances.[57]

Francis Pangilinan (Liberal)

In June 2021, Pangilinan announced that he was seeking reelection to the Senate.[139] After Vice President Robredo announced her presidential candidacy, several sources from the Liberal Party indicated that the senator would be her running mate for her presidential bid.[58][59] Pangilinan filed his candidacy for vice president a day after Robredo.[60]

Standalone vice presidential candidate

Manny Lopez (WPP)

Manny SD Lopez said that if elected vice president, he'd prefer to head the Department of Foreign Affairs or the Department of Trade and Industry.[140]

Debates and forums

Main article: 2022 Philippine presidential debates

The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) confirmed that they will organize debates for both candidates running for president and vice-president. Unlike the debates in the 2016 elections, three presidential debates, three vice-presidential debates will be held. Candidates will be following safety protocols stated by Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF) with no audience participation due to the risks of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.[141] A few weeks later, the commission said that in addition to the three debates each per position, they will hold a primary debate, as a teaser of sorts for the upcoming debates per position. They will also organize the debates themselves, a deviation from 2016 where they let the media organizations organize it.[142] By January 2022, the commission said they might forego with the teaser debates, as the number of candidates have been reduced to a more manageable number.[143]

The commission, under the law, cannot mandate candidates to join debates though the commission does expect candidates to attend debates that the commission themselves organize, as it presents them with massive exposure, and that it is not counted on the limits of the airtime that they are allowed to advertise on broadcast networks.[144]

The presidential debate organized by Sonshine Media Network International (SMNI) was noted for the non attendance of several candidates. Manny Pacquiao declined to participate due to the indictment of Apollo Quiboloy, leader of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ which is affiliated with SMNI, allegedly for sex trafficking by the United States federal government. Panfilo Lacson on his part declined due to Quiboloy having already openly endorsed the candidacy of Bongbong Marcos while Leni Robredo and Isko Moreno cited scheduling conflicts and prior commitments for their non-attendance.[145] This comes at the heels of Marcos declining an invitation of CNN Philippines for their presidential debate, citing prior commitments.[146] Marcos had earlier declined joining the forum organized by the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (the broadcasters association) for the same reason.[147]

SMNI also planned to hold a vice presidential debate on February 22, 2022. The debate was later cancelled to make way for a second presidential debate.[148] Prior to its cancellation, two candidates, Sotto and Pangilinan, declined to participate.[149]

Legend
 P  Participated  A  Absent  NI  Not invited

Presidential debates and forums

Vice presidential debates

Opinion polling

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2022 Philippine presidential election

Opinion polling, commonly known as "surveys" in the Philippines, is conducted by Social Weather Stations (SWS), Pulse Asia, OCTA Research, and other pollsters.

The tables below the latest five polls that were administered.

For president

Fieldwork
date(s) 		Pollster Sample
size 		MoE Abella
Ind. 		De Guzman
PLM 		Gonzales
PDSP 		Lacson
Ind.[b] 		Mangondato
Katipunan 		Marcos
PFP 		Montemayor
DPP 		Moreno
Aksyon 		Pacquiao
PROMDI 		Robredo
Ind. 		Others Und./
None 		Ref.
May 9 Election results 56,097,722 N/A 0.21 0.17 0.17 1.66 0.56 58.77 0.11 3.59 6.81 27.94 N/A
Exit poll Publicus Asia[150] 29,024 — — — 3 — 58 — 6 7 25 1 — —
May 2–5 Publicus Asia[151] 1,500 ±3.0% 1 2 1 4 — 54 — 8 2 22 0 6 / 0 —
Apr 22–30 Mobilis–TruthWatch[152][153] 2,400 ±2% — — — 2 — 55 — 3 5 32 1 — —
Apr 22–25 OCTA[154][155] 2,400 ±2% — 0.2 0.2 2 1 58 — 8 5 25 — 0.1 / 0.04 0.3
Apr 19–21 Publicus Asia[156] 1,500 ±3.0% 1 2 0 4 — 57 — 6 2 21 0 6 / 0 —
Apr 16–21 Pulse Asia[157] 2,400 ±2.0% 1 0.3 0.1 2 1 56 0.1 4 7 23 — — / 1 5

For vice president

Fieldwork
date(s) 		Pollster Sample
size 		MoE Atienza
PROMDI 		Bello
PLM 		David
DPP 		Duterte
Lakas 		Lopez
WPP 		Ong
Aksyon 		Pangilinan
LP 		Serapio
Katipunan 		Sotto
NPC 		Others Und./
None 		Ref.
May 9 Election results 56,097,722 N/A 0.52 0.19 0.11 61.53 0.31 3.59 17.82 0.17 15.76 N/A
Exit poll Publicus Asia[150] 29,024 — — — 67 — 4 16 — 11 2 — —
May 2–5 Publicus Asia[151] 1,500 ±3.0% 1 1 — 59 — 9 16 — 9 0 4 / 1 —
Apr 22–30 Mobilis–TruthWatch[153] 2,400 ±2% 1 — — 55 — 4 13 — 24 3 — —
Apr 22–25 OCTA[155] 2,400 ±2.0% 1 0.03 — 56 0.1 4 16 0.001 22 — 0.5 / 0.7 0.1
Apr 19–21 Publicus Asia[156] 1,500 ±3.0% 1 1 — 59 — 8 15 — 9 — 6 / 1 —
Apr 16–21 Pulse Asia[157] 2,400 ±2.0% 0.5 0.4 0.1 55 1 3 16 0.3 18 — — / 1 5

Campaign

"Vote-rich provinces," or provinces and Metro Manila as a whole that have more than one million voters. Nationally-elected candidates and parties typically campaign in these areas to reduce costs.

Candidates began campaign activities such as motorcades and caravans as early as late 2021, even before the mandated start of the campaign period.[158]

Ticket Colors Campaign manager Slogan Details
Original Tagalog English translation
Abella "Bagong Pilipino, Bagong Pilipinas"[159] "New Filipinos, New Philippines"
de Guzman/Bello Red Sonny Melencio[160] "Manggagawa Naman!" "Workers' turn!" Details
Gonzales Blue and red "Puso, Giting at Dangal ng Pilipino" "Heart, Courage and Honor of the Filipino"
Lacson/Sotto Blue Ronaldo Puno[161] "Aayusin ang Gobyerno, Aayusin ang Buhay Mo" "[We'll] fix the government, fix your life" Details
Marcos/Duterte Red and green[162] Benjamin Abalos Jr.[163] "Sama-sama tayong babangon muli." "Together, we shall rise again." Details
Montemayor/David "Sa gabay ng Diyos, ang Bansa ay aayos"[164] "With God's guidance, the nation will be orderly."
Moreno/Ong White and blue[165] Lito Banayo[166] "Tunay Na Solusyon, Mabilis Umaksyon!" "Real solution, quick to take action!" Details
Pacquiao/Atienza Blue Salvador Zamora II[167] "Panalo ang Mahirap, Panalo ang Pilipino!" "The poor win, the Filipino wins!" Details
Robredo/Pangilinan Pink and green[168] Bam Aquino[169] "Gobyernong Tapat, Angat Buhay Lahat" "[With] honest government, the lives of all will be lifted." Details

Issues

The election will be held amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which has severely damaged the country's economy.[170] According to Finance secretary Carlos Dominguez III, the succeeding administration will face four main issues: debt management, inflation caused by global shortages, pandemic-induced inequalities, and climate change.[171] Other key issues include the continuance of President Rodrigo Duterte's policies and the country's relationship with both China and the United States.[172] Former senator Bongbong Marcos, despite not being endorsed and even having been criticized by the president,[173] promises broad continuity of his policies,[174] vowing to promote foreign investment and continue infrastructure development alongside some of Duterte's controversial programs.[175][176][177] He has placed his platform mainly on ushering unity among Filipinos.[178] Being the son and namesake of former president Ferdinand Marcos, Marcos' candidacy faces stiff opposition from various groups due to his father's regime which was associated with alleged human rights abuses and widespread corruption.[179][180] Incumbent vice president Leni Robredo is considered to be Marcos' rival,[181][182] having won by a narrow margin against him in the 2016 vice presidential election.[183] Robredo, a critic of Duterte's policies,[184] is offering a platform based on good governance and transparency.[185][186] She is leaning on her experience as a human rights lawyer and development worker. Meanwhile, Manila mayor Isko Moreno has positioned himself as a centrist alternative to both Marcos and Robredo,[187][188] promising to make an "inclusive and open government" including many viewpoints.[189][190] He is leaning on his experience as mayor, vowing to duplicate in the country what he has done in Manila.[191] Senator Manny Pacquiao is running on an anti-corruption platform and positioning himself as the candidate of the masses, pledging to initiate programs for the poor if he is elected.[192] Senator Panfilo Lacson, who is banking on his long tenure as a government official, is campaigning based on a law and order platform similar to Duterte's in 2016;[193] his messaging is centered around restoring trust in the government.[194]

Start of campaign period for national positions

  • Bongbong Marcos campaigning in Makati
    Bongbong Marcos campaigning in Makati
  • Isko Moreno and Willie Ong campaigning in Navotas
    Isko Moreno and Willie Ong campaigning in Navotas
  • QC for Leni event at the Quezon Memorial Circle
    QC for Leni event at the Quezon Memorial Circle
  • Manny Pacquiao campaigning in Marikina City
    Manny Pacquiao campaigning in Marikina City
  • Panfilo Lacson and Tito Sotto at a towhnall meeting in Pasig
    Panfilo Lacson and Tito Sotto at a towhnall meeting in Pasig

Presidential tickets held their proclamation rallies on February 8, 2022, the start of the campaign period for national positions.[195][196] Prior to that, the ticket of Faisal Mangondato and Carlos Serapio had their prayer proclamation during the prior weekend in Baguio.[197] The Marcos and Duterte tandem started their campaign at the Philippine Arena in Bulacan.[198] Robredo and Pangilinan held their rally in Plaza Quezon, Naga, Robredo's hometown, on February 8.[199] Isko Moreno and Willie Ong kicked off their campaign at the Kartilya ng Katipunan just outside Manila City Hall. The Lacson and Sotto tandem held their proclamation rally at the Imus Grandstand in Imus, Cavite, Lacson's hometown. Pacquiao and Atienza commenced their campaign at the Oval Plaza in General Santos, where Pacquiao grew up. The de Guzman and Bello tandem launched their campaign at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani in Quezon City.[195] Ernesto Abella had his proclamation rally in Dasmariñas, Cavite,[200] while the Montemayor and David ticket started their campaign in Pasay.[164] President Duterte, on his Talk to the People TV show, notably did not endorse a candidate going into the campaign period, saying that "at this time, I am saying that I am not supporting anybody."[201]

While most tickets had their proclamation rallies in the respective hometowns of the presidential candidate, the Marcos campaign explained that they chose the Philippine Arena so as to seat their thousands of supporters, of which 25,000 tickets were made available.[202] Meanwhile, Lito Atienza failed to make it to General Santos as he suffered an injury prior to the event.[203] Prior to their rally, the Partido Lakas ng Masa failed to secure a permit from the Commission on Elections to hold it at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani. De Guzman said that there were missing documentation that caused them not to be given one. A rally without a permit is grounds for disqualifying a candidate.[204]

Aside from the listed presidential tickets, other tandems have been pushed. Representative Joey Salceda has pushed for a "Leni–Sara" tandem, him endorsing Robredo in their campaign in Albay, while endorsing Duterte the next day.[205] In Mindanao, an "Isko–Sara" tandem was promoted when Moreno had a campaign rally in there, where his running mate Willie Ong skipped. The Moreno campaign defended Ong's absence, saying that the "Isko–Sara" tarpaulins would have brought him into an awkward situation.[206]

By mid-March, the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) confirmed reports that Aksyon Demokratiko, Moreno's political party, asked if they had demanded the estate of Ferdinand Marcos, Bongbong's father and former president, to pay the 203 billion-peso (US$3.8 billion) tax liabilities.[207][208] Marcos's camp had earlier said that the case is under litigation, with the younger Marcos himself stating that "There’s a lot of fake news involved there." The Presidential Commission on Good Government, the agency tasked with recovering the ill-gotten wealth of the Marcoses, denied that the case in under litigation, saying that the judgment was "as early as 1997, the judgment on the tax case had become final and executory."[209] In the first PiliPinas Debates 2022, Moreno, Robredo, Lacson and de Guzman called on the heirs of the elder Marcos, including the younger Marcos who did not attend the debate, to pay the estate and income taxes owed to the state.[210]

Results

The Congress of the Philippines will convene in late May to canvass the results. They are also required to declare a winner 30 days after the election, pursuant to the constitution.

For president

CandidatePartyVotes%
Bongbong MarcosPartido Federal ng Pilipinas31,629,78358.77
Leni RobredoIndependent[a]15,035,77327.94
Manny PacquiaoPROMDI3,663,1136.81
Isko MorenoAksyon Demokratiko1,933,9093.59
Panfilo LacsonIndependent[c]892,3751.66
Faisal MangondatoKatipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi301,6290.56
Ernesto AbellaIndependent114,6270.21
Leody de GuzmanPartido Lakas ng Masa93,0270.17
Norberto GonzalesPartido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas90,6560.17
Jose Montemayor Jr.Democratic Party of the Philippines60,5920.11
Total53,815,484100.00
Valid votes53,815,48496.05
Invalid/blank votes2,213,3713.95
Total votes56,028,855100.00
Registered voters/turnout67,523,69782.98
Source: Congress (vote totals); COMELEC (election day turnout, absentee turnout)
  1. ^ a b Liberal Party member running as an independent
  2. ^ Originally ran under Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma; resigned from the party mid-way through the campaign. Still labeled as a Reporma candidate on the official ballots.
  3. ^ Originally ran under Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma; resigned from the party mid-way through the campaign. Still labeled as a Reporma candidate on the official ballots.

For vice president

CandidatePartyVotes%
Sara Duterte[a]Lakas–CMD32,208,41761.53
Francis Pangilinan[b]Liberal Party9,329,20717.82
Tito Sotto[c]Nationalist People's Coalition8,251,26715.76
Willie OngAksyon Demokratiko1,878,5313.59
Lito AtienzaPROMDI270,3810.52
Manny SD LopezLabor Party Philippines159,6700.31
Walden BelloPartido Lakas ng Masa100,8270.19
Carlos SerapioKatipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi90,9890.17
Rizalito DavidDemocratic Party of the Philippines56,7110.11
Total52,346,000100.00
Valid votes52,346,00093.43
Invalid/blank votes3,682,8556.57
Total votes56,028,855100.00
Registered voters/turnout67,523,69782.98
Source: Congress (vote totals); COMELEC (election day turnout, absentee turnout)
  1. ^ Running mate of Bongbong Marcos (Partido Federal ng Pilipinas)
  2. ^ Running mate of Leni Robredo (Independent)
  3. ^ Running mate of Panfilo Lacson (Independent)

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