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Gatwick Airport

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London Gatwick Airport

Gatwick Airport File:BAA Gatwick logo.gif
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorBAA
ServesLondon
LocationCrawley, West Sussex
Elevation AMSL202 ft / 62 m
Coordinates51°08′53″N 000°11′25″W / 51.14806°N 0.19028°W / 51.14806; -0.19028
Websitewww.gatwickairport.com
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
08R/26L 3,316 10,879 Asphalt/Concrete
08L/26R 2,565 8,415 Asphalt/Concrete
Statistics (2006)
Aircraft Movements263,363
Passengers34,163,579
Statistics from the UK CAA[1]

Gatwick Airport (IATA: LGW, ICAO: EGKK) is London's second largest airport and the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. It is also the world's busiest single runway airport, and the world's 22nd busiest airport in terms of passengers per year (7th in terms of international passengers). It is located in Crawley, West Sussex (originally Charlwood, Surrey) 2.7 nm (5 km or 3 miles) north of the town centre, 24.7 nm (46 km or 28 miles) south of London and 21.6 nm (40 km or 25 miles) north of Brighton.

With about 200 destinations the airport handled over 34 million passengers with 263,363 aircraft movements[1] in 2006. Charter airlines generally do not operate from Heathrow and therefore use Gatwick as their main base for London and the Southeast. For the past 30 years many flights to and from the USA have also used Gatwick because of the restrictions on access to Heathrow that were enshrined in the 1977 Bermuda II bilateral air services agreement between the UK and the US. The airport is a major operational base for British Airways, easyJet and Virgin Atlantic.

London Gatwick has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P528) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.

History

The name "Gatwick" dates back to 1241, and was the name of a manor on the site of today's airport until the 19th century. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon words gāt, 'goat', and wīc, 'dairy farm', i.e. 'goat farm'.

The airport at sunset with the control tower visible
File:Gatwicksouthterminal.jpg
South Terminal international arrivals hall

In 1891 a racecourse was created at Gatwick beside the London-Brighton railway, and a railway station was built which included sidings for horse boxes. The course was popular and held both steeplechase and flat races. During the First World War the course hosted the Grand National.

1920-1945

In the 1920s land adjacent to the racecourse at Hunts Green Farm along Tinsley Green Lane was used as an aerodrome and licensed in August 1930. The Surrey Aero Club was formed in 1930 and used the old Hunts Green farmhouse as the first club house.

The Redwing Aircraft Company bought the aerodrome in 1932 and operated a flying school. The aerodrome was also used for pilots flying in to watch the races. In 1933, the aerodrome was sold to an investor who had designs to run it as an airport. The Air Ministry approved commercial flights from Gatwick the following year, and by 1936, scheduled flights were operating to several destinations on the Continent. A circular terminal called "The Beehive", designed by Frank Hoar, was built together with a subway connecting it to Gatwick railway station so that passengers could travel from Victoria Station to the aircraft without stepping into the elements. Two fatal accidents in 1936 questioned the safety of the airport. Moreover, it was prone to fog and waterlogging. The new subway regularly flooded after heavy rain. As a consequence of these conditions and the need for longer landing strips British Airways Ltd. moved out to Croydon Airport in 1937. Gatwick changed back to private flying and was contracted as a Royal Air Force flying training school. The airport also attracted aircraft repair companies.

Gatwick Airport was requisitioned by the RAF in September 1939 and used for aircraft maintenance. Although night-fighters, an army co-operation squadron and later fighters were based at Gatwick, it was mainly used as a repair and maintenance facility.

1945-1970

After the war aircraft maintenance continued, and a number of charter companies using war-surplus aircraft started to use the airport. Initially most of the services were cargo flights, although the airport still suffered from bad drainage and was little used. In November 1948 the airport owners warned that the airport could be de-requesitioned by November 1949 and revert back to private use.

Stansted airport was favoured as London's second airport and Gatwick's future was in doubt. Despite opposition from the neighbouring local authorities, in 1950 the Cabinet decided that Gatwick was to be designated as an alternative to Heathrow. The government announced in July 1952 that the airport was to be developed, and the airport was closed for an extensive (£7.8 million) renovation between 1956 and 1958. On 9 June 1958 Queen Elizabeth II flew into the new airport, in a De Havilland Heron, to perform the official opening.

The main pier of what is now the South Terminal was built during the 1956-58 construction of Gatwick. In 1962, two additional piers were added.

The new Gatwick was the world's first airport with a direct railway link, and was one of the first to use a fully enclosed pier-based terminal design which allowed passengers to walk under cover to waiting areas very close to their aircraft with only minimal walking distance outdoors. Full extendible jetbridge access was added when the piers were rebuilt and extended in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

British European Airways started flying from Gatwick and BEA Helicopters opened a base at the airport. British West Indian Airways (BWIA) and Sudan Airways were among the first overseas-based airlines to serve Gatwick on a regular, scheduled basis.

From the late 1950s a growing number of Britain's privately owned airlines began to establish themselves at Gatwick. The first of these was Morton Air Services, which had shifted its entire operation to the airport when its previous base at Croydon closed. It was soon followed by Airwork, Hunting-Clan and Transair. In July 1960 these airlines merged to form British United Airways (BUA). Throughout the 1960s BUA was Britain's largest Independent airline. During that decade it became Gatwick's largest resident airline. By the end of the decade it also became the airport's leading scheduled operator, with a 71,000 km (43,217 miles) network of short-, medium and long-haul routes stretching across three continents, i.e. Europe, Africa and South America. These routes were served with contemporary, state-of-the-art BAC One-Eleven and Vickers VC-10 jet aircraft.[2]

1970 to date

In late November 1970 BUA was acquired by the Scottish charter airline Caledonian Airways. The newly created airline was initially known as Caledonian/BUA. In September 1971 it adopted the British Caledonian name. BUA's takeover by Caledonian enabled the latter to transform itself into a major scheduled airline. In addition to the scheduled routes it had inherited from BUA, it launched additional scheduled services to a number of destinations in Europe, North and West Africa, North America as well as the Middle and Far East during the 1970s and '80s. This included the first-ever scheduled service operated by a wholly privately owned UK airline between London and Paris, launched in November 1971, as well as the first-ever transatlantic scheduled services operated by a private UK airline to New York and Los Angeles, launched in April 1973. It furthermore included the launch of the UK's first-ever privately operated scheduled air service to Hong Kong (via Dubai) in August 1980.[3][4]

In November 1972 Laker Airways became the first operator of widebody aircraft at Gatwick, following the introduction of two McDonnell-Douglas DC-10 10 series widebodied trijets into its fleet.[5] Laker's DC-10 fleet expanded throughout the 1970s and early '80s with the introduction of a number of longer range series 30 aircraft. This enabled the launch of Gatwick's first daily long-haul, low fare no frills flights between the airport and New York JFK on September 1, 1977.[6]

British Caledonian was also a major, Gatwick-based operator of the DC-10-30 widebody, having introduced its first pair in March and May 1977, respectively.[7] The airline eventually operated a small fleet of Boeing 747-200s as well, having acquired its first jumbo jet in 1982.[8]

Dan-Air and Air Europe were among other UK Independents that used to have a major presence at Gatwick during the 1970s, '80s and early '90s, and that played a major role in the development of the airport and its scheduled route network.

As passenger numbers grew, a circular satellite pier was added to the terminal building in 1983, connected to the main terminal by the UK's first automated people mover system (now withdrawn). However, there was still a need for more capacity. Construction began on the North Terminal in 1983: it was the largest construction project south of London to have taken place in the 1980s. The terminal was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1988 and was expanded in 1991. It is connected to the South Terminal by an automated rapid transit system. A major extension to the North Terminal departure lounge was completed in 2001, and in 2005 a new £110 million additional aircraft (pier Pier 6) opened, adding an extra 11 pier-served aircraft stands. Linked by the world's largest air passenger bridge to the main terminal building, it spans a live aircraft taxiway, giving arriving and departing passengers at Gatwick views of the airport and taxiing aircraft.

In 2000, a major extension to the South Terminal departure lounge was completed, and in 2005 an extension and refurbishment was also completed to the baggage reclaim hall, doubling it in size. The terminal is currently undergoing a refurbishment[citation needed]. In recent years the terminal has been used by the low cost airlines operating out of Gatwick, and many of the former users have moved to the newer North Terminal.

Incidents and accidents

  • 20 July, 1975 – a British Island Airways(BIA) Handley Page Dart Herald was involved in a runway accident while departing London Gatwick on a scheduled flight to Guernsey. The aircraft lifted off from Gatwick's runway 26 after a ground run of about 760 m and appeared to be airborne for a further 125 m with its landing gear retracting before the rear underside of the fuselage settled back on to the runway. None of the 45 occupants were hurt in that accident. [9]

Gatwick today

Further information: Gatwick Airport Prayer Rooms
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View from the front of a transit vehicle travelling towards the South Terminal.

Gatwick Airport has two terminals, called North and South. The terminals are connected by a transit system consisting of three-car automatic driverless vehicles that run along a 1.2km long elevated two-way track. The transit is free to use with a travel time of one minute fifty-six seconds. It runs every three minutes in peak travel periods (when two vehicles are used), and every six minutes at all other times (when one vehicle shuttles back and forth).

Both terminals at Gatwick offer a range of facilities for travellers, including a large number of shops and restaurants both landside and airside. Disabled passengers can travel easily through the airport with all areas being fully accessible. There are facilities for baby changing and feeding, and play areas and video games to keep children amused.

Business travellers are catered for by several executive lounges offering peace and quiet and modern business facilities. There is also a conference and business centre with meeting facilities and business services. Business Travellers are also offered Fast Track which enables an efficient car park to airport to check-in and then to flight service.

The airport and the surrounding area has many hotels of differing grades from executive accommodation to a capsule hotel.

The airport has Anglican, Catholic and Free Church Chaplains. There is a multi-faith prayer room and counselling room in each terminal. A daily service is led by one of the chaplains. The prayer room is open to all faiths for prayer and devotion by all passengers.

As of late 2007, British Airways and easyJet are Gatwick's two dominant resident airlines, accounting for 25% and 17% of its slots, respectively. The latter's share of Gatwick slots is expected to rise to 24%, as a result of its proposed takeover of British Airways franchise carrier GB Airways, which accounted for 7% of the airport's slots during the aforementioned period. The planned acquisition of GB Airways will also result in easyJet becoming Gatwick's biggest short-haul operator, accounting for 29% of all short-haul passengers (ahead of BA's 23%).[10]

Operations

Gatwick has two runways but the northern runway 08L/26R is a non-instrument runway and is only used when 08R/26L is temporarily non-operational because of maintenance or an accident. The runways cannot be used at the same time because of insufficient separation between them. It can take up to 15 minutes to change over from one runway to the other.

The northern runway 08L/26R does not have an Instrument Landing System and aircraft need to use a combination of Distance Measuring Equipment, Non-directional beacons, and assistance from the airport approach controller using a surveillance radar.

Night-time flights at Gatwick are subject to various restrictions.[11] Between 11.00pm and 7.00am (the night period) the noisiest aircraft (rated QC/8 and QC/16) may not operate at all. In addition, between 11.30pm and 6.00am (the night quota period) there are three limits:

  • An overall limit on the number of flights allowed;
  • A Quota Count system which limits the total amount of noise permitted, but allows operators to choose to operate fewer noisy aircraft or a greater number of quieter planes;[12]
  • QC/4 aircraft may not be scheduled to operate at night.

Security

The airport is policed by a unit of Sussex Police. The unit has jurisdiction over the whole airport, including any aircraft within its boundaries, except ones on the active runways. There are currently 150 officers in this unit including a significant number of armed officers, unarmed officers and community support officers who help out with the airport community and help to deal with minor offences. They are part of a Neighbourhood Specialist team.

The airport also has a sub-unit which protects against MANPADS by patrolling the area in and around the airport. A separate sub-unit has also set up vehicle check points around the airport.[13]

Access

The airport is located at junction 9A of the M23; a spur road itself from the main M23 motorway. The M23 connects with London's orbital motorway; the M25, 9 miles (14 km) away at junction 8, offering road access to surrounding areas and beyond. Gatwick is on the A23 London to Brighton road and is also located at the southern end of the A217.

Gatwick Airport has set itself the objective that 40% of its passengers should be using public transport by the time the airport's annual throughput reaches 40 million (currently estimated in 2015), up from the 2006 figure of 35.3%.[3]

The Gatwick Airport railway station is located next to the South Terminal and provides fast and frequent connections along the Brighton Main Line to London Victoria and London Bridge stations, as well as Brighton to the south. The Gatwick Express service to Victoria is the best-known rail service from the station, but several other companies, including Southern, First Capital Connect, Virgin Trains and First Great Western Link, use the station as well. First Capital Connect provide direct trains to Luton Airport, and foot passengers with modest luggage can reach Heathrow Airport by catching a X26 Express Bus from the bus stops outside East Croydon station.

National Express operates coach services from Gatwick to both Heathrow and Stansted Airport, as well as smaller cities throughout the region.

Route 21 of the National Cycle Network passes under the South Terminal, allowing virtually traffic-free cycling northwards to Horley and southwards to Three Bridges and Crawley. A goods-style lift runs between the terminal and ground level (signed "Lift to Cycle Route"), near Zone L.

A large network of direct local bus services connect the North and South terminals with Crawley, Horley, Redhill, Horsham and other local destinations. Services are offered by Metrobus and Fastway; a guided bus rapid transit system which was the first of its kind to be constructed outside a major city. There are at least two sets of stairs which foot-passengers can use to leave the South Terminal and get to ground-level (near the cycle route) from the vicinity of Zone L and the train-station area (steps are labelled Exit Q and Exit P on the ground). These allow access to bus stops for local services.

The airport has several long and short stay car parks, both at the airport and off-site, although these are often full to capacity in the summer months. Local planning restrictions have limited the supply of car-parking facilites at and around Gatwick.

Future development

In 1979 an agreement was reached with the local council not to expand further before 2019, but recent proposals to build a second runway suitable for large jets at Gatwick led to protests about increased noise and pollution and demolition of houses and villages.[14] The government has now decided to expand Stansted and Heathrow but not Gatwick. Gatwick's owners BAA have published a new consultation which includes a possible second runway south of the airport, but leaves the villages of Charlwood and Hookwood intact, north of the airport.

Airlines and destinations

North Terminal

The main user of the North Terminal is British Airways and other Oneworld operators.

  • Adria Airways (Ljubljana)
  • Air Comet (Madrid)
  • Air France
  • Air Namibia (Windhoek)
  • Air Southwest (Newquay, Plymouth)
  • Arkia Israel Airlines (Tel Aviv)
  • American Airlines (Dallas/Fort Worth, Raleigh/Durham [ends 29 March])
  • Astraeus (Accra, Alghero, Aqaba, Aswan, Banjul, Bastia, Bergen, Bodrum, Brescia, Calvi, Chambery, Corfu, Deer Lake, Dubrovnik, El Alamein, Fagernes, Freetown, Geneva, Hassi Messaoud, Heraklion, Kalamata, Kefallinia, Kuusamo, Las Palmas, Malabo, Malaga, Monrovia, Murcia, Murmansk, Mykonos, Olbia, Paphos, Preveza,Santorini, St. John's, Salzburg, Sharm El Sheikh, Split, Taba, Tenerife, Thira,Verona,Volus, Uralsk, Zadar, Zakynthos)
  • Atlas Blue (Marrakech)
  • British Airways (Aberdeen [ends 30 March], Algiers [ends 30 March], Alicante [begins 30 March], Amsterdam, Antalya [begins 10 April], Antigua, Atlanta, Barcelona, Bari, Bermuda, Bologna, Bordeaux, Bridgetown, Cagliari, Catania, Dallas/Fort Worth [ends 30 March], Dresden, Dublin, Dubrovnik, Edinburgh, Faro [begins 30 March], Geneva, Genoa [begins 30 March], Gibraltar [begins 30 March], Glasgow-International, Grenada, Grenoble, Houston-Intercontinental [ends 30 March], Ibiza [begins 30 March], Izmir, Jersey, Kingston, Krakow, Luxembourg, Lyon-Satolas [seasonal], Madrid, Malaga [begins 30 March], Manchester, Marseille, Naples, Newquay, Nice [ends 30 March], Orlando, Palma de Mallorca [begins 30 March], Pisa, Poznan [begins 30 March], Port of Spain, Prague [ends 30 March], Priština, Reykjavik-Keflavik [ends 30 March], Rome-Fiumicino, Salzburg, Sarajevo, St Lucia, Split [ends 30 March], Tampa, Tirana, Thessaloniki, Tobago, Toulouse, Tunis [begins 30 March], Turin, Varna, Venice, Verona, Warsaw [begins 30 March], Zürich)
    • British Airways operated by GB Airways (Agadir, Ajaccio, Alicante, Arrecife, Bastia, Corfu, Dalaman, Faro, Fez, Funchal, Gibraltar, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Las Palmas, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Marrakech, Montpellier, Mykonos, Nantes, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Rhodes, Sharm el Sheikh, Tenerife South, Tunis) [end 29 March]
  • Brussels Airlines (Brussels)
  • Clickair (Seville)
  • Continental Airlines (Cleveland [seasonal], Houston-Intercontinental, Newark)
  • Cyprus Turkish Airlines (Antalya, Dalaman)
  • Daallo Airlines (Djibouti)
  • Delta Air Lines (Atlanta, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, New York-JFK)
  • Emirates (Dubai)
  • First Choice Airways (Agadir, Alicante, Almeria, Antayla, Antigua, Arrecife, Aruba, Banjul, Barcelona, Bodrum, Bourgas, Cancún, Chania, Colombo, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Goa, Grenoble, Heraklion, Holguin, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Kalamata, Kefallinia, Kittala, Kos, Krakow, Liberia (CR), Larnaca, Las Palmas, Ljubljana, Mahon, Malaga, Male, Malta, Mitilini, Mombasa, Monastir, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Porlamar, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Porlamar, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, St. Thomas, Skiathos, Taba, Tel Aviv, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Toulouse, Turin, Varadero, Varna, Verona, Zadar, Zakynthos)
  • FlyLal (Vilnius)
  • GB Airways Charter (Aqaba, Aswan, Geneva, Kittilla, Kuusamo, Luxor, Lyon, Salzburg)
  • Israir (Tel Aviv)
  • Malév Hungarian Airlines (Budapest)
  • Nationwide Airlines (Johannesburg)
  • Oman Air (Muscat)
  • TAROM (Cluj Napoca)
  • Virgin Nigeria (Lagos)

South Terminal

29 March 2008 London Gatwick to Nantes 29 March 2008 London Gatwick to Rhodes 29 March 2008 London Gatwick to Sharm El Sheikh 29 March 2008 London Gatwick to Tenerife (South)

  • Centralwings (Krakow, Warsaw, Wroclaw)
  • Croatia Airlines (Dubrovnik, Pula, Split)
  • Cubana de Aviación (Havana, Holguin)
  • easyJet (Alicante, Almeria, Ajaccio[begins 29 March] Amsterdam, Arrecife[Begins 29 March], Athens, Barcelona, Bastia[Begins 29 March], Belfast-International, Berlin-Schönefeld, Biarritz [begins 4 July], Bucharest-Băneasa, Budapest, Cologne/Bonn, Corfu[Begins 29 March], Dalaman[Begins 29 March], Edinburgh, Faro, Funchal[Begins 29 March], Gdansk, Geneva, Gibraltar[Begins 29 March], Glasgow-International, Grenoble, Heraklion[Begins 29 March], Hurgarda[Begins 29 March], Ibiza, Inverness, Innsbruck, Krakow, La Rochelle, Las Palmas[Begins 29 March], Lisbon, Madrid, Malaga, Malta[Begins 29 March], Marrakech, Marseille, Mahon, Milan-Linate, Milan-Malpensa, Montpellier[Begins 29 March], Murcia, Mykonos[Begins 29 March], Nantes[Begins 29 March], Nice, Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos[Begins 29 March], Pisa, Prague, Rhodes[Begins 29 March], Rome-Ciampino, Sharm El Sheikh[Begins 29 March], Sofia, Split, Tenerife[Begins 29 March], Thessaloniki [begins 30 January], Toulouse, Valencia, Venice)
  • Estonian Air (Tallinn)
  • Eurocypria Airlines (Larnaca, Paphos)
  • European Aviation Air Charter (Rimini)
  • Flybe (Belfast-City, Guernsey, Inverness, Isle of Man, Jersey)
  • Flyglobespan (Calgary [begins 13 May], Toronto-Hamilton [begins 24 May], Vancouver [begins 13 May]) [seasonal]
  • Free Bird Airlines (Antalya, Dalaman)
  • Ghana International Airlines (Accra)
  • Germanwings (Hamburg [ends 6 January])
  • Iberia
  • Jet2.com (Newcastle)
  • Karthago Airlines (Monastir)
  • KD Avia (Kaliningrad)
  • LTE International Airways (Las Palmas, Palma de Mallorca, Tenerife)
  • Meridiana (Cagliari, Florence, Olbia)
  • Monarch Airlines (scheduled) (Alicante, Arrecife, Faro, Granada, Ibiza, Lisbon, Malaga, Murcia, Tenerife)
  • Monarch Airlines (charter) (Alicante, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Banjul, Barcelona, Bodrum, Bridgetown, Calgary, Cancún, Chania, Colombo, Corfu, Faro, Fuerteventura, Geneva, Goa, Grenoble, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Kos, Las Palmas, Luxor, Lyon, Mahon, Malaga, Male, Mombasa, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, Skiathos, Sofia, Taba, Tenerife, Toulouse, Trivandrum, Turin, Venice, Verona, Zakynthos)
  • MyTravel Airways (Agadir, Almeria, Arrecife, Bodrum, Bourgas, Calgary, Cancun, Corfu, Dalaman, Edmonton, Fuerteventura, Gerona, Goa, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Kefallinia, Kos, La Romana, Las Palmas, Mahon, Malaga, Male, Monastir, Montego Bay, Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Puerto Plata, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg, Tenerife, Toronto-Pearson, Turin, Vancouver, Zakynthos)
  • Northwest Airlines (Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul [ends March 29])
  • Norwegian Air Shuttle (Oslo, Stavanger)
  • Nouvelair Tunisia (Djerba, Monastir)
  • Oasis Hong Kong Airlines (Hong Kong)
  • Olympic Airlines (Athens, Thessaloniki)
  • Onur Air (Bodrum, Dalaman)
  • Pegasus Airlines (Dalaman)
  • Qatar Airways (Doha)
  • Rossiya (St. Petersburg)
  • Ryanair (Cork, Dublin, Shannon)
  • Scandinavian Airlines System (Aalesund, Bergen)
  • SATA International (Ponta Delgada)
  • Sterling Airlines (Aalborg, Billund, Copenhagen, Malmö [begins 30 March], Oslo, Stockholm-Arlanda)
  • TAP Portugal (Funchal, Lisbon, Porto)
  • Thomsonfly (Agadir, Alghero, Alicante, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Bodrum, Bourgas, Bridgetown, Cancun, Catania, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Enontekio, Faro, Figari, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Gerona, Goa, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kos, Lamezia, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Luxor, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Marsa Alam, Mombasa, Monastir, Montego Bay, Niš [seasonal], Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Plovdiv, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Reus, Rovaniemi, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, Sofia, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Toulouse, Turin, Varadero, Varna, Verona, Zakynthos)
  • Thomas Cook Airlines (Agadir, Alicante, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Banjul, Bodrum, Bourgas, Bridgetown, Calgary, Cancun, Cayo Coco, Corfu, Cunagua, Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Halifax, Hassi Messaoud, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Izmir, Kalamata, Kefallinia, Kos, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Lyon, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Monastir, Montréal, Munich, Orlando-Sanford, Ottawa, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Plovdiv, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, Skiathos, Sofia, Split, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Thira, Toronto-Pearson, Toulouse, Turin, Vancouver, Varadero, Verona, Zakynthos)
  • Ukraine International Airlines (Kiev-Boryspil)
  • US Airways (Charlotte, Philadelphia)
  • Viking Airlines (Heraklion)
  • Virgin Atlantic (Antigua, Bridgetown [ends 11 December/begins 17 March], Grenada, Havana, Kingston, Las Vegas, Montego Bay, Orlando, St Lucia, Tobago)
  • Wizz Air (Katowice [begins 31 January])
  • XL Airways (Alicante, Algarve, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Athens, Bastia, Bodrum, Brescia, Bridgetown, Cagliari, Catania, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Goa, Grenada, Heraklion, Holguin, Hurghada, Kalamata, Kavala, Kefallina, Kos, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Lemnos, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Marsa Alam, Mitilini, Mombasa, Murcia, Mykonos, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Pula, Punta Cana, Rhodes, Samos, Santa Clara, Sharm el Sheikh, Skiathos, St. Kitts, St Lucia, Taba, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Thira, Tobago, Volos, Zakynthos)
  • Zoom Airlines (Canada) (Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, Montréal, Ottawa, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver, Winnipeg)
  • Zoom Airlines (UK) (Bermuda, Fort Lauderdale [begins 22 May], New York-JFK, San Diego [begins 20 June])

Notes

  1. ^ a b Aircraft Movements, Terminal and Transit Passengers
  2. ^ Fly me, I'm Freddie!, pp. 58, 61, 63, 68/9, 82/3, 88, 90, 93-98, 99
  3. ^ High Risk: The Politics of the Air, pp. 262/3, 271/2, 378-388, 508
  4. ^ "British Airways Plc and British Caledonian Group plc; A report on the proposed merger", Chapter 4, Competition Commission website
  5. ^ Fly me, I'm Freddie!, pp. 170/1, 181, 183/4
  6. ^ Fly me, I'm Freddie!, pp. 221, 225
  7. ^ High Risk: The Politics of the Air, pp. 319, 321
  8. ^ High Risk: The Politics of the Air, p. 399
  9. ^ Handley Page Herald Series 201 (G-APWF) - Report on the accident at London (Gatwick) Airport, Runway 26 on 20 July 1975, Department of Trade Accidents Investigation Branch (AIB), Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1977, pp. 1, 3, 14
  10. ^ Financial Times (Easyjet in £103m GB Airways move), UK Edition, London, 26 October 2007
  11. ^ BAA Gatwick. "Night Flights" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-01-26. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ "Night noise". Retrieved 2007-10-30.
  13. ^ "Guarding Gatwick", Airports - September/October 2007 (Key Publishing), P17
  14. ^ "Plan for Gatwick runway published". BBC. March 29, 2005. Retrieved 2007-11-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

References

  • United Kingdom AIP
  • Gwynne, Peter. (1990) A History of Crawley (2nd Edition) Philmore. ISBN 0-85033-718-6
  • King, John, with Tait, Geoff, (1980) Golden Gatwick - 50 Years of Aviation, British Airports Authority.
  • King, John, (1986) Gatwick - The Evolution of an Airport, Gatwick Airport Ltd. and Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society. ISBN 0-9512036-0-6
  • Bain, Gordon, (1994), Gatwick Airport, Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-468-x
  • Eglin, Roger, and Ritchie, Berry (1980). Fly me, I'm Freddie. London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-2977-7746-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Thomson, Adam (1999). High Risk: The Politics of the Air. London, UK: Sidgwick and Jackson. ISBN 0-2839-9599-8.
  • Simons, Graham M. (1993). The Spirit of Dan-Air. Peterborough, UK: GMS Enterprises. ISBN 1-8703-8420-2.
  • Simons, Graham M. (1999). It was nice to fly with friends! The story of Air Europe. Peterborough, UK: GMS Enterprises. ISBN 1-8703-8469-5.
  • Branson, Richard (2006 [2nd reprint]). Losing my Virginity - The Autobiography. London, UK: Virgin Books Ltd. ISBN 0-7535-1020-0. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Financial Times, 26 October 2007. London, UK: UK Edition.
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