List of sovereign states by date of formation
Appearance
This article possibly contains original research. (March 2008) |
Below is a list of countries by formation dates, sorted by continent.
There is sometimes confusion between the words 'country' (a geographical entity), 'nation' (a cultural grouping), and 'state' (a political entity). Taking this into account a declaration of being the "oldest country" in the world will inevitably be disputed.
List
Country | Birth of current form of government | Date of acquisition of sovereignty | Date of most recent significant territorial modification | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | |
Algeria | 1962-07-03 | French recognition of Algerian referendum on independence held two days previous | ||||
Angola | 1975-11-11 | Independence from Portugal. | ||||
Benin | 1960-08-01 | Independence from France | 1894-01-15 | Borders of French Protectorate of Dahomey set at conclusion of Second Franco-Dahomean War | ||
Botswana | 1885-03-31 | Establishment of the Bechuanaland Protectorate by the United Kingdom | 1894 | Extended north into Ngamiland | ||
1966-09-30 | Independence from United Kingdom | |||||
Burkina Faso | 1958-12-11 | Self-government achieved and republic within Franco-African Community | 1947-09-04 | Restoration of colonial boundaries used from 1919-1932 | ||
1960-08-05 | Independence from France | |||||
Burundi | 1962-07-01 | Independence from Belgium | ||||
Cameroon | 1960-01-01 | Independence from France | 1961-10-01 | Merger of British Cameroons with Cameroon | ||
Cape Verde | 1975-07-05 | Independence from Portugal | ||||
Central African Republic | 1958-12-01 | Central African Republic becomes autonomous territory in French Republic | ||||
1960-08-13 | Independence from France | |||||
Chad | 1960-08-11 | Independence from France | 1984-02-13 | Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad | ||
Comoros | 1975-07-06 | Independence from France declared | ||||
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 1884-04-22 | Congo Free State recognized as an independent state | ||||
1960-06-30 | Independence from Belgium | |||||
Congo, Republic of the | 1960-08-15 | Independence from France | ||||
Côte d'Ivoire | 1958-12-04 | Autonomous republic within French Community | ||||
1960-08-07 | Independence from France | |||||
Djibouti | 1977-06-27 | Independence from France | ||||
Equatorial Guinea | 1968-10-12 | Independence from Spain | ||||
Eritrea | 1993-05-24 | Independence from Italy declared. | 2002-04-01 | Badme ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. Contested by Ethiopia. | ||
Ethiopia | 1941-05-05 | Haile Selassie restored as Emperor of Ethiopia, ending Italian occupation. | 2002-04-01 | Badme ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. Contested by Ethiopia. | ||
Gabon | 1960-08-17 | Independence from France | ||||
Gambia | 1965-02-18 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Ghana | 1957-03-06 | Independence from United Kingdom | 1956-12-13 | Union of British Togoland with Gold Coast | ||
Guinea | 1958-10-02 | Independence from France | ||||
Guinea-Bissau | 1973-09-24 | Independence from Portugal declared | ||||
1974-09-10 | Independence from Portugal recognized | |||||
Kenya | 1963-12-12 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Lesotho | 1966-10-04 | Independence from United Kingdom | 1868-03-12 | Area that is now present-day Lesotho placed under British rule | ||
Liberia | 1847-07-26 | Independence from the United States | ||||
Libya | 1951-12-24 | Independence from UN Trusteeship (British and French administration after Italian governance ends in 1947) | 1984-02-13 | Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad | ||
Madagascar | 1958-10-14 | The Malagasy Republic was created as autonomous state within French Community | ||||
1960-06-26 | France recognizes Madagascar's independence | |||||
Malawi | 1964-07-06 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Mali | 1958-11-25 | French Sudan gains autonomy | 1960-08-20 | Senegal secedes from Mali Federation | ||
1960-09-22 | Independence from France | |||||
Mauritania | 1960-11-28 | Independence from France | 1979-08-11 | Mauritania withdraws from Tiris al-Gharbiyya (part of Western Sahara) | ||
Mauritius | 1968-03-12 | Independence from United Kingdom | 1965 | Separation of Chagos Archipelago | ||
Morocco | 1956-03-02 | Independence from France | 1969-01-04 | Return of Ifni to Morocco | ||
1956-04-07 | French protectorate formally relinquished | |||||
Mozambique | 1975-06-25 | Independence from Portugal | ||||
Namibia | 1990-03-21 | Independence from South African rule | 1994-03-01 | Walvis Bay integrated into Namibia | ||
Niger | 1958-12-04 | Autonomy within French Community | ||||
1960-08-03 | Independence from France | |||||
Nigeria | 1960-10-01 | Independence from United Kingdom | 1970-01-15 | Biafra re-integrated into Nigeria | ||
1961-06-01 | Northern Cameroons integrated in Nigeria | |||||
Rwanda | 1962-07-01 | Independence from Belgium | ||||
São Tomé and Príncipe | 1975-07-12 | Independence from Portugal | ||||
Senegal | 1960-08-20 | Independence from France | ||||
Seychelles | 1976-06-29 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Sierra Leone | 1961-04-27 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Somalia | 1960-07-01 | Merger of former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland | ||||
South Africa | 1910-05-31 | Creation of the Union of South Africa from the previously separate colonies of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and Orange River | 1931-12-11 | Statute of Westminster, which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominion of the Union of South Africa and the UK | 1994-04-27 | Reincorporation of the nominally independent bantustans into post-Apartheid South Africa |
1961-05-31 | Republic declared (South Africa no longer a Commonwealth realm) | |||||
Sudan | 1956-01-01 | Independence from Egyptian and British rule | ||||
Swaziland | 1968-09-06 | Independence from the United Kingdom | ||||
Tanzania | 1961-12-09 | Independence of Tanganyika from United Kingdom | 1964-04-26 | Merger of Zanzibar with Tanganyika to form Tanzania | ||
Togo | 1958-08-30 | Autonomy within French Union | ||||
1960-04-27 | Independence from France | |||||
Tunisia | 1956-03-20 | Independence from France | ||||
Uganda | 1962-03-01 | Self-government granted | ||||
1962-10-09 | Independence from United Kingdom | |||||
Zambia | 1964-10-24 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Zimbabwe | 1965-11-11 | Unilateral declaration of independence by Southern Rhodesia | 1901 | BSAC separates North-Eastern Rhodesia from Southern Rhodesia | ||
1980-04-18 | Recognized independence from United Kingdom as Zimbabwe. |
Country | Birth of current form of government | Date of acquisition of sovereignty | Date of most recent significant territorial modification | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | |
Afghanistan | 1919-08-20 | Treaty of Rawalpindi gives Afghanistan control from the United Kingdom over its own affairs | ||||
Armenia | 1990-08-23 | Independence from Soviet Union declared | 1936-12-05 | Establishment of Armenian SSR | ||
1991-09-21 | Independence recognized by Soviet Union | |||||
Azerbaijan | 1918-05-28 | Establishment of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic | 1991-10-18 | Declaration of independence from Soviet Union | 1920-04-28 | Establishment of Azerbaijan SSR |
Bahrain | 1971-08-15 | Independence from the United Kingdom | 1521-07-01 | Portuguese conquest of current territory | ||
Bangladesh | 1971-03-26 | Independence from Pakistan declared. | ||||
Bhutan | 1885 | Ugyen Wangchuck ends period of civil war and unites Bhutan | 1865-11-11 | Treaty of Sinchula | ||
Brunei | 1984-01-01 | Brunei regains its independence after an agreement with the British on January 4, 1979 | ||||
Cambodia | 1989-09-26 | Becomes free from Vietnamese occupation; it gets back its name instead of People's Republic of Kampuchea | ||||
China | 1949-10-01 | Establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the Chinese Civil War nears its end | 1999-12-20 | Transfer of the sovereignty of Macau from Portugal to the PRC | ||
Georgia | 1918-05-26 | Establishment of Democratic Republic of Georgia | 1991-04-09 | Independence from Soviet Union declared | ||
India | 1947-08-15 | Independence from the United Kingdom | 1975-05-16 | Accession of Sikkim to India | ||
Indonesia | 1945-08-17 | Indonesian Declaration of Independence from the Netherlands | 2002-05-20 | Independence of East Timor, formerly administered as a province of Indonesia | ||
Iran | March 6, 1975 | Algiers Accord establishes border with Iraq | ||||
Iraq | 1932-10-03 | Kingdom of Iraq | ||||
Israel | 1948-05-14 | Reading of the Declaration of Independence of Israel before the expiration of the British Mandate of Palestine at midnight | 1994-10-26 | Signing of the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, whereby most of the disputed 400 square-kilometer area in the Arabah is handed back to Jordan | ||
Japan |
1947-05-03 | Coming into force of the current Constitution of Japan, whereby the emperor is deprived of his powers and a liberal democracy is established | 1952-04-28 | Coming into force of the Treaty of San Francisco, whereby World War II is officially ended and Japan's independence is reinstated | 1972-05-14 | Return of the Ryukyu Islands to Japan and abolition of the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands |
Jordan | 1946-05-25 | End of British League of Nations mandate | 1994-10-26 | Signing of the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, whereby most of the disputed 400 square-kilometer area in the Arabah is handed back to Jordan | ||
Kazakhstan | 1991-12-16 | Independence declared from Soviet Union | ||||
Korea, North | 1948-09-09 | Declaration of creation of North Korea | 1953-07-27 | Cease-fire in the Korean War creates the southern border along the Military Demarcation Line | ||
Korea, South | 1948-08-15 | First Republic of South Korea established | 1953-07-27 | Cease-fire in the Korean War creates the northern border along the Military Demarcation Line | ||
Kuwait | 1991-02-28 | End of Iraqi occupation (Gulf War) | 1969-12-18 | Formal division of Saudi-Kuwaiti neutral zone | ||
Kyrgyzstan | 1991-08-31 | Independence from Soviet Union | ||||
Laos | 1949-07-19 | Independence from France | ||||
Lebanon | 1926-05-23 | Lebanese Republic formed | 1941-11-26 | Independence from France declared | 1920-09-01 | France establishes State of Greater Lebanon with current boundaries |
1943-11-22 | Independence from France recognized | |||||
Malaysia | 1957-08-31 | Malayan Independence from the United Kingdom is declared in Independence Square. | 1965-08-09 | Singapore secedes from the federation after the 1964 Race Riots. | ||
1963-09-16 | Malaysia is formed after the merging Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore into one independent state. | |||||
Maldives | 1965-07-26 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Mongolia | 1911-12-29 | Proclamation of Mongolian independence from Qing Dynasty China | ||||
Myanmar | 1948-01-04 | Myanmar (Burma) declares independence from the British Empire. | 1956 | Signing of border treaty with the People's Republic of China. | ||
Nepal | 1768-12-21 | Nepali unification | 1815-12-02 | Sugauli Treaty ends the Gurkha War | ||
Oman | 1650-01-26 | Expulsion of the Portuguese | ||||
Pakistan | 1947-08-14 | Independence from the UK and the Partition of India, creation of the Dominion of Pakistan | 1971-12-16 | De facto : Province of East Pakistan dissolved following the surrender of the Pakistani Army at the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War | ||
1974-02-22 | De jure : Recognition by Pakistan of Bangladesh as an independent country, whereby Pakistan definitely surrenders claims over the former province of East Pakistan | |||||
Philippines | 1946-07-04 | the United States awards independence under the provisions of the Tydings-McDuffie Act and the Jones Law. | 1928-01-23 | The island of Palmas or Miangas is awarded to the Netherlands on behalf of the Netherlands East Indies through an international case under the Permanent Court of Arbitration. | ||
Qatar | 1971-09-03 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Saudi Arabia | 1932-09-23 | Regions of Al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and Hejaz unified to become Saudi Arabia | 1927-05-20 | Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz recognized as independent in Treaty of Jeddah | 2000-06-12 | Border with Yemen finalized by Treaty of Jeddah |
Singapore | 1959-06-03 | Self government under United Kingdom | ||||
1965-08-09 | Separation from Malaysia | |||||
Sri Lanka | 1948-02-04 | Independence from the United Kingdom | ||||
Syria | 1961-09-28 | End of United Arab Republic | ||||
Taiwan | 1949-12-07[2] | Republic of China government moved to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War[3] | 1955-02-25 | Withdrawal of the Republic of China from the Dachen Archipelago. | ||
Tajikistan | 1991-09-09 | Independence from the Soviet Union | ||||
Thailand | 1776 | Expulsion of Burmese and reunification of Thailand | 1909-03-10 | Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 | ||
Timor-Leste | 1975-11-28 | East Timor declares its independence but is suppressed by the Indonesian invasion. | ||||
2002-05-20 | Independence is recognized by the international communit following the UN-sponsored act of self-determination of 1999. | |||||
Turkmenistan | 1991-10-27 | Independence from Soviet Union | ||||
United Arab Emirates | 1971-12-02 | End of treaty relationship with United Kingdom | 1972-02-11 | Ras al-Khaimah joins the UAE | ||
Uzbekistan | 1991-08-31 | Independence from Soviet Union declared | ||||
Vietnam | 1976-07-02 | Reunification of North Vietnam and South Vietnam | ||||
Yemen | 1990-05-22 | Unification of North Yemen and South Yemen | 1990-05-22 | Unification of North Yemen and South Yemen |
Country | Birth of current form of government | Date of acquisition of sovereignty | Date of most recent significant territorial modification | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | |
Albania | 1912-11-28 | Declaration of independence from Ottoman Empire | ||||
1913-07-29 | Recognition of independence in Treaty of London | |||||
Andorra | 1813 | Reversal of annexation of Andorra and Catalonia by the Napoleonic Empire, through the Peninsular war | ||||
Austria | 1955-05-15 | Austrian Independence Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state | 1921-12-14 | City of Sopron moved to Hungary after plebiscite | ||
Belarus | 1990-07-27 | Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1945 | Curzon Line | ||
1991-08-25 | Independence recognized by Soviet Union | |||||
Belgium | 1831-07-21 | King Leopold I of Belgium swears allegiance to the constitution making the country a constitutional monarchy | 1830-10-04 | Independence is proclaimed by the provisonial governement | 1919-06-28 | Treaty of Versailles and annexation of the East Cantons |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1992-03-05 | Independence declared | 1943-11-25 | Establishment of Bosnia in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | ||
Bulgaria | 1908-08-05 | Bulgaria declares independence from the Ottoman Empire. | 1940-09-07 | Under the Vienna Awards, Southern Dobruja is returned to Bulgaria. | ||
Croatia | 1991-06-25 | Declared independence from Yugoslavia | ||||
Cyprus | 1960-08-16 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Czech Republic | 1993-01-01 | Dissolution of Czechoslovakia, creating Czech Republic and Slovakia | ||||
Denmark | 1945-05-04 | German occupying forces surrender. | 1920-06-15 | Sønderjylland was recovered from Germany | ||
Estonia | 1991-08-20 | Independence re-declared from the Soviet Union. | 1945 | Eastern coast of Narva river and Pechory are transferred to Russian SFSR. | ||
1991-09-06 | Independence recognized by the Soviet Union. | |||||
Finland | 1917-12-06 | Independence from Russian Empire declared | 1956 | Porkkala returned from Soviet control. | ||
1918-01-03 | Independence from Russia recognized by the highest Soviet executive body - VTsIK. | |||||
France |
1870-09-04 | Establishment of a lasting republican form of government, considered uninterrupted in French law | 1944-08-09 | Ordinance issued by the Provisional Government of the French Republic reinstating Republican legality and nullifying all Vichy legislation | 1947-02-10 | Metropolitan France: Annexation of Tende, La Brigue and other villages formerly in Italy |
1958-10-05 | Establishment of the current semi-presidential system known as the Fifth Republic | 1962-07-05 | Overseas France: Loss of the French departments in Algeria following the latter's independence | |||
Germany | 1955-05-05 | Federal Republic of Germany (commonly referred to at the time as West Germany) declared fully sovereign | 1990-10-03 | Reunification of West Germany and East Germany | ||
Greece | 1944-10-13 | End of Axis occupation of Greece during World War II | 1947-02-10 | Peace treaty with Italy awards the Dodecanese to Greece | ||
Hungary | 1947-02-10 | The Treaty of Peace with Hungary returns Hungary to pre-1938 borders, with small changes | ||||
Iceland | 930 | The Icelandic Commonwealth established. | 1944-06-17 | Secedes from a Union with Denmark formally as an independent republic. | 1972-09-01 | No territorial changes on land have taken place, however the expansion of the Exclusive Economic Zone was such an important change in territory for Iceland that in merits a special inclusion here. |
1946 | Departure of last US occupation troops | |||||
Ireland | 1922-12-06 | Irish Free State recognized as independent from the United Kingdom. | 1920-12-23 | Division into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. | ||
Italy |
1946-06-02 | Birth of the Italian Republic | 1945-04-25 | Disestablishment of the German-backed Italian Social Republic, whereby the unity and independence of the Italian state is restored | 1954-10-26 | Official annexation of the city of Trieste to Italy |
1975-11-10 | Signing of the Treaty of Osimo which definitely divides the Free Territory of Trieste between Italy and Yugoslavia | |||||
Kosovo[4] | 2008-02-17 | Republic of Kosovo established, unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia. | 1945 | Autonomous Kosovo-Metohian Area established within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | ||
Lithuania | 1918-02-16 | Independence declared from Germany and Russia | 1939-10-27 and 1940-08-03 | Eastern Vilnius Region ceded to Lithuania | ||
1990-03-11 | Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania declaring independence from the Soviet Union | |||||
Latvia | 1918-11-18 | Independence declared from Germany and Russia | 1944 | Abrene district ceded to Russian SFSR (modern Russia) | ||
1990-05-04 | Independence declared from Soviet Union | |||||
Liechtenstein | 1813-10-19 | Dissolution of the Confederation of the Rhine | 1719-01-23 | Purchase of Vaduz | ||
Luxembourg | 1945 | End of German occupation during World War II | 1839-04-19 | Partition of Luxembourg under the Treaty of London | ||
Macedonia | 1991-09-08 | After a referendum, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia declared independence from Yugoslavia | ||||
Malta | 1964-09-21 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Moldova | 1991-08-27 | Independence from Soviet Union | 1940-08-02 | Moldavian SSR formed | ||
Monaco | 1861 | Franco-Monegasque Treaty confirms Monaco's sovereignty (formerly a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia) | ||||
Montenegro | 2006-06-03 | Declaration of independence from Serbia and Montenegro | ||||
Netherlands | 1945-05-05 | German occupying forces sourrender. | 1839-04-19 | The United Kingdom of the Netherlands divided under the Treaty of London (1839). | ||
Norway | 1945-05-08 | German occupying forces surrender. | 1930-02-27 | Jan Mayen was made part of the Kingdom of Norway. | ||
Poland | 1989-06-04 | The first partially free Parliament's vote after 45-years long Soviet domination | 1951-02-15 | Polish-Soviet border adjustment treaty | ||
Portugal | 1640-12-01 | Portuguese Restoration War ends the Iberian Union and creates independent House of Braganza. | 1801-06-06 | Spain occupies the present day border town of Olivença since the War of the Oranges. | ||
Romania | 1877-05-21 | Independence declared from the Ottoman Empire | ||||
1878-07-13 | Independence recognized internationally by the Treaty of Berlin | |||||
San Marino | 1243 | Formation of republican government | 0301-09-03 | Traditional founding | 1463 | Added Fiorentino, Montegiardino, Serravalle, and Faetano |
Serbia | 2006-06-05 | Republic of Serbia declared legal successor to Serbia and Montenegro, ending the process of the dissolution of Yugoslavia | 1945-03-08 | Government of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia formed after end of German occupation during World War II | 2006-06-03 | Montenegro declares independence from Serbia and Montenegro |
2008-02-17 | Republic of Kosovo declares independence from Serbia.[4] | |||||
Slovakia | 1993-01-01 | Dissolution of Czechoslovakia, creating Slovakia and Czech Republic | ||||
Slovenia | 1991-06-25 | Declaration of independence from Yugoslavia | ||||
Spain | 1814-04-17 | End of French Empire occupation after Peninsular War. | 1801-06-06 | Spain occupies the present day border town of Olivença since the War of the Oranges. | ||
Sweden | 1523-06-06 | Gustav Vasa elected King of Sweden and marking a definite secession from the Kalmar Union. | 1809-03-29 | Loss of Finland to Imperial Russia. | ||
Switzerland | 1291-08-01 | Establishment of the Swiss Confederacy. | 1815-08-07 | Restauration of the Ancien Régime (federalism), reverting the changes imposed by Napoleon Bonaparte. | ||
Ukraine | 1991-08-24 | Independence from Soviet Union declared | 1954-02-19 | Transfer of Crimea from Russia to Ukraine | ||
United Kingdom |
1922-12-06 | Loss of Southern Ireland following the creation of the Irish Free State agreed upon in the Anglo-Irish Treaty [5] | ||||
Vatican City | 1274 | Birth of current form of government the Papal conclave in 1274 | 1929-06-07 | Ratification of the Lateran Treaty, making the Vatican City a sovereign State | 1929-02-11 | Signing of the Lateran Treaty |
Country | Birth of current form of government | Date of acquisition of sovereignty | Date of most recent significant territorial modification | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | |
Australia | 1901-01-01 | Commonwealth of Australia established as a Dominion of the British Empire. | 1942-10-09 | Statute of Westminster is adopted by Australia | 1975-09-16 | Papua New Guinea becomes formally independent of Australia |
1986-03-03 | Australia Act 1986 eliminated the remaining ties between the legislature and judiciary of Australia and their counterparts in the United Kingdom. | |||||
Fiji | 1970-10-10 | Independence from United Kingdom | ||||
Kiribati | 1979-07-12 | Independence from United Kingdom | 1975-10-01 | Separation of Gilbert Islands (later Kiribati) and Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu) | ||
Marshall Islands | 1979-05-01 | Constitution and local government established | 1986-10-21 | Compact of Free Association with the United States | ||
Micronesia | 1979-05-10 | Constitution ratified | 1986-11-03 | Compact of Free Association with the United States | 1979-05-10 | Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae unite to form the Federated States of Micronesia |
Nauru | 1968-01-31 | Independence from UN Trusteeship | ||||
New Zealand | 1840-02-06 | Treaty of Waitangi between the British Crown and the indigenous Māori tribes cedes kawanatanga of New Zealand to Queen Victoria. | De facto: from 1856-05-07 |
Formation of first responsible ministry in 1856. | 1840-02-06 | Treaty of Waitangi effectively unites the New Zealand archipelago as a single territory.The Kermadec Islands were incorporated in 1887. |
De jure: 1947-12-10 |
New Zealand Constitution Amendment Act 1947 receives royal assent. | |||||
Palau | 1981-01-01 | Republic of Palau created upon adoption of constitution | 1994-10-01 | Emerged from United Nations trusteeship (administered by the United States). | ||
Papua New Guinea | 1973-12-01 | Self governing colony | ||||
1975-09-16 | Independence from Australia | |||||
Samoa | 1962-01-01 | Independence from New Zealand | ||||
Solomon Islands | 1976-01-02 | Self government granted by United Kingdom | ||||
1978-07-07 | Independence from United Kingdom | |||||
Tonga | 1970-07-04 | Independence from United Kingdom | 1845-12-04 | Unification of what is now the islands of Tonga by George Tupou I of Tonga | ||
Tuvalu | 1975-10-01 | Separation of Gilbert Islands (later Kiribati) and Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu) | 1978-10-01 | Independence from United Kingdom | 1979-02-07 | Treaty with United States recognizing Tuvaluan control over Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae, and Niulakita atolls |
Vanuatu | 1980-07-30 | Independence from joint British-French condominium |
Country | Birth of current form of government | Date of acquisition of sovereignty | Date of most recent significant territorial modification | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | Date[1] | Event | |
Egypt |
1952-07-23 | Military coup by the Free Officers | 1922-02-28 | Nominal independence from the United Kingdom | 1982-04-25 | Return of the Sinai under Egyptian control as agreed upon in the peace treaty with Israel |
1953-06-18 | Republic proclaimed | 1956-06-18 | Departure of last British colonial troops | |||
1961-09-28 | De facto disestablishment of the United Arab Republic following a military coup in Damascus | |||||
Russia | 1990-06-12 | Independence declared from Soviet Union | 1954-02-19 | Transfer of Crimea from Russia to Ukraine | ||
Turkey | 1923-07-24 | Treaty of Lausanne recognizes Republic of Turky as the successor state of the Ottoman Empire | 1923-10-29 | Republic of Turkey established after fall of Ottoman Empire | 1939-06-29 | Hatay State annexed to Turkey |
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Please use the Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers) for dates
- ^ The government of the Republic of China, which currently administers Taiwan, was the generally recognized sovereign power over Mainland China beginning in January 1, 1912. Sovereign control of Taiwan by this government began on October 25, 1945 (Retrocession Day).
- ^ The PRC acquired de facto control in Mainland China on October 1, 1949. The Republic of China continued to be generally recognized as the legitimate government of China until October 25, 1971, when the PRC was admitted to the United Nations. Currently, due to the PRC's One-China policy, only 23 states recognize the Republic of China, although many more retain unofficial relations.
- ^ a b International recognition of Kosovo's independence is still limited, although growing.
- ^ In order to reflect the loss of Southern Ireland, the full name of the United Kingdom was changed from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland through the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927.