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The Right Honourable
Sajid Javid
MP
Home Secretary
Incumbent
Assumed office
30 April 2018
Prime MinisterTheresa May
Preceded byAmber Rudd
Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government[1]
In office
14 July 2016 – 30 April 2018
Prime MinisterTheresa May
Preceded byGreg Clark
Succeeded byJames Brokenshire
Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills
President of the Board of Trade
In office
11 May 2015 – 14 July 2016
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded byVince Cable
Succeeded byGreg Clark
Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
In office
9 April 2014 – 11 May 2015
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded byMaria Miller
Succeeded byJohn Whittingdale
Minister for Equalities
In office
9 April 2014 – 15 July 2014
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded byMaria Miller
Succeeded byNicky Morgan
Financial Secretary to the Treasury
In office
7 October 2013 – 9 April 2014
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded byGreg Clark
Succeeded byNicky Morgan
Economic Secretary to the Treasury
In office
4 September 2012 – 7 October 2013
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded byChloe Smith
Succeeded byNicky Morgan
Parliamentary Private Secretary
to the Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
14 October 2011 – 4 September 2012
ChancellorGeorge Osborne
Preceded byGreg Hands
Succeeded byAmber Rudd
Member of Parliament
for Bromsgrove
Incumbent
Assumed office
6 May 2010
Preceded byJulie Kirkbride
Majority16,573 (30.7%)
Personal details
Born (1969-12-05) 5 December 1969 (age 54)
Rochdale, Lancashire, England
Political partyConservative
Spouse
Laura King
​
(m. 1997)​
Children4
EducationDownend School
Filton College
Alma materUniversity of Exeter
WebsiteOfficial website

Sajid Javid (/ˈsædʒɪd ˈdʒævɪd/; born 5 December 1969) is a British Conservative Party politician serving as Home Secretary since 2018, and has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bromsgrove since 2010. Javid is a candidate for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 leadership contest.[2]

Born in Rochdale, Lancashire, Javid studied Economics and Politics at the University of Exeter, where he joined the Conservative Party. Working in banking, he rose quickly to become a Managing Director at Deutsche Bank. He was elected as the Member of Parliament for Bromsgrove in 2010 and was promoted to Economic Secretary to the Treasury and later Financial Secretary to the Treasury.

He served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport from 2014 to 2015, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills and President of the Board of Trade from 2015 to 2016 and Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government from 2016 to 2018.[3]

Javid was appointed to his current role as Home Secretary in April 2018, following the resignation of Amber Rudd.

Early life

Javid was born in Rochdale, Lancashire, one of five sons of Pakistani Muslim immigrant parents.[4][5] His father worked as a bus driver.[6] His mother didn't speak English having grown up in a Pakistani village where girls didn't go to school.[7] His family moved from Lancashire to Stapleton Road, Bristol, as his parents took over a shop there, and the family lived in a two-bedroom flat above it.[8]

As a teenager, Javid developed an interest in financial markets, following the Thatcher government's privatisations. At the age of fourteen, he borrowed £500 from a bank to invest in shares and became a regular reader of the Financial Times.[8]

From 1981 to 1986, Javid attended Downend School, a state comprehensive near Bristol. At school it was recommended that he should be a TV repairman. Javid has said he was told that he couldn't study maths at O Level so he had to get his father to pay for it.[9] When he later witnessed a video showing an assault on a Syrian refugee, he remarked that it was reminiscent of bullying he had experienced at school;[10] Javid claims he faced racial abuse when younger, being called a 'Paki', and having faced abuse from "National Front skinheads".[11] Speaking in 2014, Javid said that while at school: "I was naughty, more interested in watching Grange Hill than homework".[8] After being told by his school that he could only study two A Levels when he believed he needed three to go to university,[9] Javid subsequently attended Filton Technical College from 1986 to 1988, and finally the University of Exeter from 1988 to 1991. At university, he studied Economics and Politics and during this time he joined the Conservative Party.[12][13]

Aged 20, Javid attended the annual Conservative Party Conference for the first time and campaigned against the Thatcher government's decision that year to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM). He was handing out leaflets against the policy when he first met TV presenter Jeremy Paxman. He has since stated that Paxman first interviewed him at that same conference.[14]

Javid's time in the US working for an investment bank included a spell as an aide to Rudy Giuliani's winning 1993 New York mayoral campaign.[15]

Javid is a trustee of the London Early Years Foundation, was a governor of Normand Croft Community School, and has led an expedition to the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, to show his support of Help the Aged.[16]

Banking career

Javid joined Chase Manhattan Bank in New York City immediately after graduation, working mostly in South America. Aged 25,[a] he became a vice president.[17][20][b] He returned to London in 1997, and later joined Deutsche Bank as a director in 2000. In 2004, he became a managing director at Deutsche Bank and, the following year, global head of Emerging Markets Structuring.[22]

In 2007, he relocated to Singapore as head of Deutsche Bank's credit trading, equity convertibles, commodities and private equity businesses in Asia,[23] and was appointed a board member of Deutsche Bank International Limited.

He left Deutsche Bank in 2009 to pursue a career in politics. His earnings at Deutsche Bank would have been roughly £3,000,000 a year at the time he left [24] and the Evening Standard once estimated his career change would have required him to take a 98% pay cut.[25]

Political career

Member of Parliament

Selection as Conservative candidate

On 28 May 2009, the sitting MP for Bromsgrove, Julie Kirkbride, announced that she would be standing down at the next general election in light of the expenses scandal; Kirkbride had represented the constituency since 1997. Her resignation was confirmed in December 2009, after she attempted to withdraw it.[26]

Stuart Popham (left) and Javid at the 2011 Conservative Party Conference in Manchester

After a selection contest held by the Bromsgrove Conservative Association on 6 February 2010, in which he received over 70% of the votes cast by its members, Javid was announced as the official Conservative & Unionist Party Parliamentary Candidate for the 2010 general election. The other candidates up for selection included Ruth Davidson[27] and Baroness Stowell.[28] On 6 May 2010, Javid received 22,558 votes, winning the seat by a majority of 11,308 votes.[29] In terms of the number of votes cast in the constituency, this was an increase on the majority of 10,080 at the previous general election,[30] though was a reduction when compared both to the actual number of votes his predecessor had received (24,387) and to the Conservatives' percentage share of the vote (43.7% versus 51.0% in 2005).

Political recognition

According to former Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, those MPs first elected in 2010 "are the best new MPs for over thirty years", and he identified Javid as one of six Conservative MPs that he believed had "already made an impact in the first term".[31] Javid was also one of six new MPs profiled by the Financial Times, and was named as the Newcomer of 2010 by the ConservativeHome website.[32][33]

In an analysis of the 2010 intake of MPs by Westminster consultancy firm Guide Public Affairs, Guide to the Next Prime Minister, published in August 2011, Javid ranked third, and was the top-scoring Conservative.[34][35] In October 2012, Iain Dale in The Daily Telegraph included Javid in his list of "Top 100 most influential figures from the Right".[21] Dale wrote: "His fast rise up the greasy pole into George Osborne's inner circle is not only proof of this man's ambition but also his talent." Nicholas Watt in The Guardian has also suggested that Javid could rise to the top.[36]

In The Times' 2014 right-wing power list, Javid moved up 18 places to #8, with the article stating that he had emerged "as the senior member of the 2010 intake" and that if "the Tories want to jump a generation, then a Javid leadership candidacy would provide the opportunity."[37] The 2014 GG2 Power List ranked Javid as the most influential British Asian,[38] and, at the accompanying GG2 Leadership Awards event on 5 November 2014, then-Prime Minister David Cameron described Javid as "the brilliant Asian man who I asked to join the Cabinet" and stated that "I want to hear that title 'Prime Minister' followed by a British Asian name."[39] In July 2014, Forbes magazine compared Javid to Barack Obama and suggested that Javid could become the next Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.[40]

In January 2015, Javid was awarded the Politician of the Year award at the British Muslim Awards.[41] In November 2017, Sajid Javid won Patchwork Foundation's MP of the Year Award.[42]

In June 2018, a polling of Tory activists on ConservativeHome showed Javid was popular as a potential party leader. The poll is seen as a reliable barometer of grassroots opinion, although it can shift quickly.[43] A separate poll of Conservative party members by YouGov in July 2018 also showed he had high levels of support to become party leader.[44] YouGov found Javid topped the charts on two measures: with 64% thinking he is “up to the job” and 69% thinking he is “competent”.

Campaign against anti-Semitism

Javid's strong record of speaking out against anti-Semitism has earned him plaudits from leading Jewish communal figures.[45] His appointment as Home Secretary was welcomed by a number of Jewish organisations, including the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Jewish Leadership Council.[46]

Previously, as Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Javid wrote to all council leaders to ask them to adopt the IHRA's definition of anti-Semitism.[47] In 2015, addressing the Holocaust Educational Trust’s annual dinner, the then Business Secretary Javid condemned "dinner party anti-Semites" and said, "I can’t remember the last time I spoke to a Jewish friend or colleague who hasn’t, at some point, found themselves sitting awkwardly at a dinner party while a fellow guest railed against the international ‘kosher conspiracy’".[48]

In 2018, Javid suggested Jeremy Corbyn should quit as Labour leader following his decision to attend a 2014 wreath-laying at a cemetery which contained the graves of many Palestinian activists; including Salah Khalaf and Atef Bseiso, members of the Black September Organization.[49]

Criticism

In March 2018, Javid called Momentum 'neo-fascist' in the House of Commons Chamber. Momentum threatened legal action if he repeated the comment outside Parliament where parliamentary privilege does not protect him against a lawsuit. MPs including John Mann, Jon Trickett, Chris Williamson, Alex Sobel, Clive Lewis and Caroline Lucas demanded Javid withdraw the statement and apologise.[50]

In July 2018, Javid back-tracked after Jeremy Corbyn had threatened legal action for linking Corbyn with Holocaust denial. Labour MPs accused Javid of 'peddling a lie' and called on Theresa May to intervene.[51]

Javid rejected a request by the Muslim Council of Britain for an independent inquiry into allegations of Islamophobia within the Conservative Party.[52] Javid said: "The Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) does not represent Muslims in this country" and added "we don’t deal with the MCB". Harun Khan, the MCB's secretary-general said, "it sadly indicates that the party has no interest in dealing with this matter with the seriousness it deserves".[53]

Javid has been rebuked by MPs and human rights campaigners for tweeting about “Asian paedophiles”, with the director of the Runnymede Trust commenting: "racialising this crime and focusing on the ethnicity of the sexual predators has done little to address why and how these victims were vulnerable to the prey of these sexual predators".[54][55] The Independent suggested Javid had ulterior motives with an impending leadership battle and said, "If Javid imagines his racial and religious origins offer any defence to the charge of incendiary race-baiting, he must be out of his tiny mind."[56]

Baroness Warsi has criticised Javid for Dog-whistle politics: "he should read what these people are saying, because however much he dog-whistles, however much he panders to the right of our party, sadly the right of our party still believe he’s far too Muslim to be leader of the party".[57]

Conservative leadership elections

Joint leadership bid, 2016

Further information: 2016 Conservative Party (UK) leadership election

In June 2016, following David Cameron's resignation after the result of the EU referendum, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions Stephen Crabb announced that he would be standing in the 2016 Conservative leadership election,[58] on a "joint ticket" with Javid.[59][60] If Crabb became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Javid would become Chancellor of the Exchequer if Crabb won.[59][61][62] Crabb withdrew from the contest after the first round of voting amongst Conservative Members of Parliament. Shortly after withdrawing his bid, Crabb resigned from the Cabinet following allegations that he had sent suggestive messages to a young woman.[63]

In an interview with the Financial Times, the Bromsgrove MP said he had expected to be sacked when Mrs May entered Downing Street in 2016,[64] instead Javid was moved across in a re-shuffle to Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, and Crabb subsequently took a post as Parliamentary Chairman of "Conservative Friends of Israel",[65]

Conservative leadership bid, 2019

Further information: 2019 Conservative Party (UK) leadership election

In May 2019, Javid launched bid to become Conservative leader with pledge to deliver Brexit and to "bridge divides" by promoting the shared values which unite Britain.[66] Javid's campaign was being advised by Matthew Elliott, former chief executive of Vote Leave.[67] Campaign received funding from both remain and leave supporting conservative donors.[68]

Javid indicated he would be prepared to take Britain out of the EU without a deal and called for no deal preparations to be stepped up.[69] Javid set out his Brexit strategy in a piece for the Daily Mail, declaring "no, no, no" to the idea of allowing either another Brexit referendum, an early general election or revoking of Article 50. Also, Javid proposed to cover costs for implementing any new technology at the Irish border in a bid to try and break the deadlock over the Northern Ireland backstop.[70]

Javid said he was prepared to scrap the 45p rate of income tax entirely in a bid to inject more 'dynamism' into the economy, pointing to the fact that tax revenues increased after the decision to cut the 50p rate of income tax to 45p and his role in making the case for it when he worked in the Treasury.[71]

Early years (2010–2013)

Javid was briefly a member of the Work and Pensions Select Committee from June to November 2010, before relinquishing this position when he was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to John Hayes, then Minister of State for Further Education at the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.[72] Javid was one of the first MPs to become a Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) from 2010 intake.

On 14 October 2011, as part of a small reshuffle prompted by the resignation of Liam Fox as Defence Secretary, Javid was promoted to become PPS to then Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne.[35][73][74]

Junior Treasury Minister

In September 2012, Javid joined Osborne's Ministerial team as Economic Secretary to the Treasury. He was later promoted to Financial Secretary to the Treasury on 7 October 2013.[75]

As Economic Secretary, Javid shelved plans to help so-called 'mortgage prisoners' that had previously been backed by his predecessor Mark Hoban, suggesting that "there was not sufficient evidence of consumer detriment taking place to justify the additional regulation".[76]

In 2013, Javid was influential in getting beer duty escalator abolished and cutting beer duty for the first time in over a half-century. In his honor, a commemorative beer was brewed called "Sajid's Choice" and served in the Strangers' Bar at the House of Commons and sold locally.[77]

Culture Secretary

On 9 April 2014, David Cameron appointed Javid to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and Minister for Equalities following the resignation of Maria Miller over her expenses. This made him the first MP to have been elected at the 2010 general election to join the Cabinet, and the first British Pakistani MP to lead a Government Department. Shortly after his appointment, he was made a Privy Councillor.[78]

Javid defended media freedom and the right of the press to investigate wrongdoing by politicians and officials in his first appearance as Culture Secretary on BBC's Question Time programme. "The media are a cornerstone of our democracy, their freedom is very important and if they want to investigate wrongdoing by politicians or any other public official they should do that and nothing should stop them from doing that."[79] It was reported in May 2015 that in March, Javid had opposed plans by then-Home Secretary Theresa May to give Ofcom "counter-extremism powers" to vet British television programmes before they were broadcast. In a letter to David Cameron, he commented that countries which had similar arrangements "are not known for their compliance with rights related to freedom of expression and the Government may not wish to be associated with such regimes".[80]

His speech as Culture Secretary to the Union of Jewish Students' Annual Conference 2014 about the importance of diversity and free expression in the world of culture[81] has been hailed by Isabel Hardman of The Spectator as "one of the finest speeches from a government minister I have ever read."[82]

In 2015, at a Board of Deputies of British Jews hustings event, Javid stated that publicly funded cultural institutions that boycott Israel risk having their government grants cut.[83] Citing a boycott of the UK Jewish Film Festival[84] by the Tricycle Theatre in Kilburn, Javid said: “I have made it absolutely clear what might happen to their [the theatre’s] funding if they try, or if anyone tries, that kind of thing again.” [83] British playwright Caryl Churchill raised concerns about political interference in the arts and questioned: "All Charlie Hebdo? Except when freedom of expression means freedom to criticise Israel".[85]

Business Secretary

File:British Israeli Business Awards Dinner 2015.jpg
(l-r) Hugo Bieber, Sajid Javid and Marc Worth at the 2015 British Israeli Business Awards Dinner[86]

Following the 2015 general election, Javid was appointed as Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills in the new Conservative majority government under the leadership of Prime Minister David Cameron. He was at this time described as "the most robust right-winger in the cabinet", and a "true Thatcherite".[87]

After being appointed as Business Secretary, Javid said that there would be "significant changes" to strike laws under the new Conservative government, announcing that strikes affecting essential public services will need the backing of 40% of eligible union members under new government plans.[88]

Javid is a supporter of remaining in the European Union. He described himself as a Eurosceptic with "no time for ever-closer union", but he wrote in The Daily Telegraph, "Just like Bank of England Governor Mark Carney and IMF head Christine Lagarde, I still believe that Britain is better off in. And that’s all because of the Single Market. It’s a great invention, one that even Lady Thatcher campaigned enthusiastically to create."[89]

In February 2017, it was revealed in court that Javid had ignored the advice of a senior civil servant in order to keep granting export licences for weapons to Saudi Arabia, despite allegations of war crimes in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen. A February 2016 email from Edward Bell, head of the Export Control Organisation, was read out as part of a judicial review into British arms sales to Saudi Arabia. The email said: "To be honest, and I was very direct and honest with [Sajid Javid], my gut tells me we should suspend [weapon exports to Saudi Arabia]". In a later email, he said: "[Sajid Javid] decided not to take a decision about this last night and the matter has now been raised with [the prime minister]".[90]

Housing, Communities and Local Government Secretary

In July 2016, Javid was appointed Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government by new Prime Minister Theresa May.[91] In the role, he focused on increasing housing supply, including delivering a new generation of affordable and council housing.[92] He had previously described council homes as "poor housing for the poor", but helped secure funds for new local council building in the 2017 budget.[93]

In 2017, Javid threatened to cancel Europe's largest Palestine convention, Palestine Expo.[94] Javid, whose department controlled the QEII Centre, had warned he was "minded" to cancel the event. Javid's intervention came amid claims by various Jewish and pro-Israel groups that the organisers had previously praised Hamas.[95]

In 2017, a judge ruled that Javid acted unlawfully in issuing guidance to restrict local councils from pursuing Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) against Israel through their pension schemes. The Chair of the Palestine Solidarity Campaign called it a "victory for Palestine, for local democracy, and for the rule of law".[96]

As Communities Secretary, Javid launched a wide-ranging programme of leasehold and commonhold reform. This began with a forthright speech at the 2017 conference for the main leasehold property managers trade body ARMA (Association of Residential Managing Agents), where Javid targeted rogue managing agents as well as the exorbitant service charges faced by many leaseholders across England and Wales. This was well received by the Leasehold Knowledge Partnership charity.[97] In September 2017, Javid championed innovation collaborative efforts between the UK and Commonwealth Nations by awarding the first Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship in Innovation to Joshua Cheong and Dr Khoo Hsien Hui respectively.[98]

In December 2017, after a public consultation which attracted a high response rate, it was announced that efforts to end 'feudal' leasehold practices would include a ban on future leasehold houses as well as setting ground rents in new build flats to zero.[99] It was reported that Javid resisted calls not to abolish ground rents, led by former Prime Minister David Cameron's brother-in-law Will Astor, who has accrued his wealth from freehold investment management.[100] By April 2018, a series of policies aimed at regulating both the managing and letting agent sectors was unveiled such as a new system for leaseholders to challenge unfair service charges, empowering leaseholders to switch managing agent and requirements for managing and letting agents to professionalise their operations.[101]

Home Secretary

On 30 April 2018, Javid was appointed as Home Secretary following Amber Rudd's resignation for misleading MPs about "targets for removing illegal immigrants", a consequence of the ongoing Windrush scandal,[102][103] Javid started his role saying he's determined to fix the injustices of Windrush scandal and launched a consultation.[104]

In becoming Home Secretary, he became the first person from an Asian background to hold one of the Great Offices of State in the UK.[105] In his first months in charge, he put clear water between his tenure and Theresa May’s lengthy stint at the Home Office. He offered an olive branch to the Police Federation,[106] secured a review on medicinal cannabis oil,[107] and won an increase in tier 2 visas for skilled workers.[108] Javid won plaudits from Lord Tebbit, who suggested "Sajid Javid has seized control of his notoriously bloody minded department".[109]

Immigration

See also: English Channel migrant crisis

In June 2018, Javid lifted the cap on immigration for NHS doctors and nurses and proposed adjustments to the "hostile environment" policy on immigration.[110][111]

Javid has argued against EU citizens having preferential rights to live and work in the UK after Brexit,[112] saying “There’s no magical reason it should be only from the EU and I think being a global Britain means that should be from across the world.” This was seen to be at loggerheads with Chancellor of the Exchequer, Philip Hammond.[113] Javid has said EU citizens who have lived in the UK for at least five years would be eligible for a new "settled status" in the country post-Brexit. However, the rules – which have allowed unlimited EU immigration – would "completely and totally end, full stop".[citation needed]

Child chess prodigy Shreyas Royal was allowed to stay in the UK after Javid personally intervened in the case under "exceptional talent" rules; however, it is very rare for the talent of a child to be a consideration in an immigration case.[114]

Javid unveiled plans at Cabinet for a crackdown on the number of low-skilled migrants coming to the UK after Britain leaves the EU, despite objections from Philip Hammond, the Chancellor, and Greg Clark, the Business Secretary. It represented a significant victory for Mrs. May and Mr. Javid and comes after months of Cabinet clashes over the issue.[115]

Asylum and re-migration
See also: Amira Abase, Shamima Begum and Kadiza Sultana

In January 2019, Javid suggested denying asylum to asylum-seekers coming across the English Channel, questioning whether they were "genuine" and vowing to "do everything we [the UK] can to make sure that you are often not successful".[116] This was objected to as a violation of international law by bodies such as the Refugee Council[116] and Amnesty International.[117]

Javid made similar comments in February of that year when he claimed that British citizens who joined ISIS would not be allowed to return to the United Kingdom,[118] despite a statement from the Justice Secretary David Gauke to the contrary, again affirming that such a course of action is illegal.[119] On February 19, Javid revoked the British citizenship of Shamima Begum, a British 19-year-old who left to join ISIS in 2015, when she was 16. He claimed that she had Bangladeshi citizenship, the country of her mother which she had never lived in, but both the Bangladesh state authorities and Begum denied this.[120] The government had already failed in a similar move involving statelessness and Britons of Bangladeshi descent in 2017.[120]

This move enjoyed widespread popular support in the UK, with 78% of voters in a Sky News poll saying that Javid was right to strip her of her citizenship.[121] However, the journalist Amy Walker suggested that this feeling was not wholly shared in the area in which she formerly resided, Bethnal Green, and that many residents of the area did not believe she posed a threat or could not be reintegrated.[122]

Javid's decision was also opposed to by Church of England bishops[123] and Javid's political opponent, Shadow Home Secretary Diane Abbott, who stated that the move was a breach of Begum's human rights. Amnesty International stated that revoking Begum's citizenship was "morally and legally questionable".[124] The editor of The Jewish Chronicle raised concerns about future implications for British Jews who enlist in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF): "It is almost difficult not to imagine a Corbynite Home Secretary at some point announcing that British citizens who serve in the IDF are fighting for a “terrorist state” - and, if they have the power, as a consequence that their British citizenship has been revoked because they are eligible for Israeli citizenship under the law of return."[125]

On 8 March 2019, it was announced by Begum's family and officers of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria that Begum's newborn son had died. Javid was widely criticised for his actions, and held directly culpable for the death of the boy, Jarrah,[126] by a number of commentators, including British human rights lawyer Clive Stafford Smith.[127]

Police and crime

In 2018, his first speech to the Police Federation, Javid insisted "I'm listening and I get it".[106] He then promised a shift in priorities in a bid to better protect police officers in the next Home Office spending review. In his speech, Javid backed calls for spit hoods across all forces in England and Wales and leant his support to stop and search powers.

In July 2018, Javid announced the UK government would not object to the United States seeking the death penalty[109] for two suspected British members of ISIL, waiving its long-standing objection to foreign executions.[128][129]

In response to the child sexual exploitation scandal, Javid ordered research into why men convicted of grooming-gang sex crimes are disproportionately of Pakistani origin. He has argued that "we need an honest, open debate on child sexual exploitation, including racial motivation".[130] The decision won praise, with Trevor Phillips suggesting "in his assault on liberal guilt over race, Sajid Javid is putting his Labour opponents to shame"[131] and Camilla Cavendish commented that the "home secretary’s heritage gives him a powerful voice against groomers".[132]

Javid has vowed to use counter-terrorism powers to strip dual-citizens involved in child-grooming gangs and other serious crimes of their British citizenship.[133][better source needed] In December 2018, in what may be the first case of its kind, a man's dual-citizenship was removed on the basis that when he applied to be a UK citizen he lied about the fact he was sexually abusing a child.[134]

Javid launched an investigation into the Home Office's handling of forced marriage cases[135] after The Times revealed that abusers are being handed visas.[136] In a series of tweets, he said: "We will be doing more to combat it and support victims. Those who force British women into marriage, be warned that we are redoubling our efforts to make sure you pay for your crimes."[137][136]

Javid rejected a cross-party demand to introduce exclusion zones around all abortion centres in England and Wales, saying it would not be a "proportionate response". More than 150 MPs wrote to Javid, shortly after he took over from Rudd, calling on him to introduce a national ban.[138]

In 2018, Javid showed concern for the growing child abuse online making the use of technology insecure for children. He spoke at the NSPCC headquarters for online child sexual exploitation held on 3 September 2018.[139] During his speech he announced the allocation of £21.5m for the investigation of the online child sex offenders on different technological and social platforms. He also announced the allocation of £26m for prevention activities to be carried out by different bodies.[140]

Drug policy

Javid used an exceptional power as home secretary to issue a licence for a child with acute epilepsy to be treated with medical Cannabis oil as a matter of urgency.[141][142] Javid also launched a new panel to consider applications from patients seeking to use cannabis oil and announced a review of medicinal cannabis.[143]

Following advice from the Chief Medical Officer and the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, Javid announced medicinal cannabis will be available for prescription on the NHS.[144][107] Javid, writing in The Times, has stated that prescribing medicinal cannabis is not a step towards legalisation for recreational use.[107]

Security

The Jewish Chronicle reported that Javid was taking steps to ban Hezbollah. The military wing of Hezbollah has been banned in the UK since 2008, but the political wing is not banned.[145] In February 2019, Javid laid an order in Parliament adding Hizbollah's political wing to the UK's list of proscribed terror organisations.[146]

In 2018, Javid was a keynote speaker at the Conservative Friends of Israel Conference and stated he intends to strengthen the partnership between UK and Israel, "especially in security".[147]

In 2019, Javid announced the government would increase funding for the security of synagogues, schools and other Jewish centres.[148] CST chief executive, David Delew said it was “extremely grateful to the Home Secretary for announcing a further year of increased funding". The government's new pledge will bring the amount it has allocated to the Jewish Community Protective Security Grant to £65.2 million since its introduction in 2015.[149]

In response to Christchurch mosque shootings, Javid warned social media firms that they would face the "force of the law" if they did not do more to remove extremist content and announced a forthcoming 'online harms white paper', which is expected to introduce legal regulation of online publishers and social media, including new censorship rules.[150]

Javid has attacked some critics of the government's Prevent anti-terror scheme for being "on the side of the extremists."[151]

Equality

Javid vowed to tackle anti-LGBT hate crime and set up a new LGBT Advisory Panel to deliver the Government's action plan. Javid apologised for historical homophobia within the Home Office: "Undercover police were instructed to loiter in bars, entrap gay men and put them in jail.. Let me tell you, as the current Home Secretary, that was wrong, wrong, wrong, and I'm sorry that it ever happened".[152][better source needed]

Javid announced a full Law Commission review of hate crime, including the possible addition of new "protected characteristics" such as misogyny and age in the same way as offences motivated by hostility based on race, religion, sexual orientation or disability. Charities estimate around one million older people are victims of physical, financial, psychological and sexual abuse each year. However, criminal convictions are rare and sentences considered lenient.[153][better source needed]

Political positions

Brexit

Javid was an advocate for an EU referendum[19] and pro-Brexit Tories had long assumed Javid would join the Leave campaign, but in the end he backed Remain. He was never seen as very committed to that cause and has since come out as a firm Leaver.[154] Whilst Javid insists this was not as a result of pressure from either David Cameron or George Osborne, the FT revealed Osborne "got the thumbscrews out" because it would have been completely unacceptable for a Conservative Business Secretary to have advocated Brexit.[64]

Javid has maintained his position that politicians should respect the result of the referendum, and when judges ruled that the PM could not trigger the formal Brexit process without Parliament's backing, Javid accused British High Court judges of attempting to thwart the will of the British people.[155]

Javid has made it clear since the referendum that he is sceptical of softer Brexit options such as remaining in the customs union, saying the free trade area was an “intrinsic” part of the European Union and that voters had given “clear instructions” when they voted to Leave.[154] Javid's comments drew criticism from the CBI.[156]

Javid is known to have historically held Eurosceptic views; as a student in 1990 he was thrown out of the Conservative party conference for handing out leaflets opposing Britain joining the Exchange Rate Mechanism, a forerunner of the single currency.[14]

Israel and Palestine

Javid is regarded as one of Israel's staunchest supporters in the Cabinet,[157] and is a long-time supporter of Conservative Friends of Israel.[84] At a 2012 event hosted by them, he said he would, out of all the countries in the Middle East, choose Israel as home:

Only there, he said, would his children feel the 'warm embrace of freedom and liberty'.[158]

Addressing the World Jewish Congress (WJC) in 2017, Javid commented that attempts to block contacts with Israel are failing, and that the government will "celebrate the Balfour centenary with pride".[159] Ronald Lauder, president of the WJC, said the global Jewish community “treasured” Mr Javid as a staunch friend of the Jewish people.[45][159] Lauder has been criticised for funding an organisation which ran anti-Muslim campaigns.[160]

At a joint meeting between the American Jewish Committee and the Board of Deputies of British Jews, Javid told his audience, "As long as I am in government, as long as I am in politics, I promise you that I will do everything within my power to fight back against those who seek to isolate and undermine Israel".[161]

At the Conservative Friends of Israel Conference in 2018, Javid explained how a school trip to Israel by his brother forty years ago set off his lifelong support for Israel and added, "my dad explained the history, how it came about and why it is such a special place. Since then I always wanted to visit." Javid visited when he and his wife spent their honeymoon there.[162]

Campaign against BDS

See also: Boycotts of Israel

Javid has a history of campaigning against Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS). In 2014, he told attendees at Union of Jewish Students conference that he will "always be proud to stand up and resist calls for boycotts of Israel".[163] In 2015, as Culture Secretary, Javid advised Board of Deputies that he had “no tolerance for cultural boycotts of Israel”.[83]

In 2016, as Communities secretary, Javid announced measures to prevent British councils from imposing boycotts of Israel[164] and issued local authorities’ with investment guidance affecting Local Government Pension Scheme(LGPS).[96]

In 2018, at a Conservative Friends of Israel conference, Javid detailed his parliamentary record against BDS:

"When I became the Business Secretary I was lobbied every day to support the BDS campaign. I thought the best reaction is obviously not to support the campaign but to do everything I could to boost trade with Israel." [147]

Personal life

Family

Javid married his childhood sweetheart Laura King in 1997, whom he met while sharing a stapler at the local Commercial Union branch during a summer job.[165][15] Javid has four children with his wife Laura — a church-going Christian.[166] The couple had their honeymoon in Israel.[162][147] Javid's children are privately educated, something that Javid attributed to their desire to "do what's best for them".[8] The family owns properties in Fulham, Chelsea, Bristol and Bromsgrove.[15][167]

Javid was raised in a two-bed flat above a shop in Bristol with four brothers. His brother Chief Superintendent Bas Javid is Commander of Solihull Police division.[168] Bas Javid was previously with the Royal Navy and his military service included the Gulf War - for which he received a commendation for teamwork and bravery.[168]

His eldest brother Tariq, died in July 2018 in "an unnatural death"[169] and a full inquest was held in which the coroner ruled Tariq had intentionally killed himself after drinking alcohol and taking codeine at the luxury South Lodge Hotel, which was near his home in Horsham. In a letter left to Sylvia — his partner of 15 years — Tariq suggested he would not "last long" due to ill health. Tariq was a successful businessman and managed a supermarket chain.[170]

His other siblings are Khalid, a financial advisor, and Atif, a multi-millionaire property tycoon.[169] Before he became an MP, Sajid was briefly a director of Atif's main investment vehicle, SA Capital.[171]

Religion

Javid is said to have received religious hate mail in the form of a "Punish a Muslim day" parcel; as of March 2018, he was the fifth British MP to receive such abuse.[172] However, Javid himself is not religious[173] and drinks alcohol,[27] whereas his wife is a practising Christian.[174] Addressing a church-hosted husting in his inaugural election campaign for Bromsgrove on 22 April 2010, Javid told the audience:[175]

My own family's heritage is Muslim. Myself and my four brothers were brought up to believe in God, but I do not practise any religion. My wife is a practising Christian and the only religion practised in my house is Christianity.[176][174]

Javid has said that it is "lazy" and "wrong" to suggest terror has nothing to do with Islam.[177] Speaking at a Muslim News Awards ceremony in 2017, Javid said that those who attack and kill in the name of Islam had no right to do so and that "we can’t deny that these people think they are Muslims. They identify as Muslims. They genuinely believe they are acting for the glory of Islam."[178] Javid wrote in The Times that, "there's a special, unique burden on the Muslim community" to do something about terrorism.[179]

Javid has criticised those in the Muslim community who question his faith and refer to him as a "Coconut" or an "Uncle Tom".[55][175]

In 2019, Wayne Kirby, a Tommy Robinson supporter who had previously served 6 years for a rape conviction, was jailed for posting threatening and abusive comments about Javid. Kirby referred to Javid as “a Muslim terrorist” and threatened Javid would be “hung, drawn and quartered” if anything happened to Robinson.[180]

Political influence

Part of the politics series on
Thatcherism
Margaret Thatcher
Philosophy
People
Organisations
Related movements

Thatcherism

Javid's father had inspired a devotion to Thatcher: “My dad lived through the winter of discontent and used to vote Labour, but switched to Thatcher, saying, ‘look how she’s sorting out the country’. I agreed”.[181]

Javid has spoken of Thatcher's handling of the Falklands Conflict as a defining moment, saying: "That was a big moment for me in understanding war and how it happens, and admiring Margaret Thatcher and her decisiveness. That’s how my political awareness really took off."[19]

In 2013, when he became Financial Secretary to the Treasury, he rejected works of art from the Government Art Collection and personalised his office with a portrait of Margaret Thatcher.[182] Javid was described by Tim Montgomerie as "first of Thatcher’s children".[183]

Javid met the former prime minister at a Conservative Party fundraiser in his late twenties and at the meeting Thatcher purportedly said, "Sajid, you will protect our great island."[184][27]

Objectivism

One of Javid's heroines is Ayn Rand,[157] who is the proponent of a philosophical system known as Objectivism; he recounted once that he regularly rereads the courtroom scene from her novel The Fountainhead, telling The Spectator he admired its description of “the power of the individual … sticking up for your beliefs, against popular opinion”.[25] Furthermore, at a Crossbench Film Society event, Javid chose to introduce the film version of The Fountainhead[185] and described the profound effect it had on him after watching it as a 12-year-old.[186] Javid's wife once threatened to divorce him if he did not stop reading The Fountainhead aloud to her.[187]

Javid has subsequently rejected core principles of Objectivism, stating he is instead motivated by altruism and went on to clarify he appreciates The Fountainhead because he identifies with the main protagonist: "It’s about the underdog. Whatever Howard Roark wanted to do there were people lining up against him and saying—‘no, you will fail’—and he kept going right to the end".[187]

Philosopher and theologian John Milbank commented, "It is extraordinarily disturbing that any mainstream politician should express any admiration for Ayn Rand. We should be concerned that someone like Sajid Javid can now hold high office within the United Kingdom."[188]

Neoconservatism

Javid has been a regular attendee and speaker[189] at US neoconservative thinktank American Enterprise Institute's (AEI) annual conference,[185] whose members include Dick Cheney, Paul Wolfowitz and John Bolton.[c] Javid has consistently supported foreign military intervention, having voted for intervening in Gaddafi's Libya, as well as air strikes in Iraq and Syria.[189][191]

In March 2014, Javid accused then-Labour Party leader Ed Miliband of having some responsibility for the crisis in Crimea, alleging that there was "a direct link" between Miliband's refusal to support military intervention in Syria and the subsequent Russian activity in Ukraine.[192]

In 2018, Javid declared in his Commons register of interests that the AEI had paid £9,266 to fund his trip to the conference in Georgia.[193]

Affiliations

Javid is a Honorary Vice President of Conservative Way Forward, a Thatcherite pressure group of Conservative activists. [citation needed] He is also a member and regular speaker for Conservative Friends of Israel Lobby group.[157]

Javid is a member of Pro-Brexit group, European Research Group (ERG).[194]

Notes

  1. ^ This is the commonly reported age but the Conservative party website says it was at the age of 24,[17] amongst other sources.[18][19]
  2. ^ A 2012 article says he was actually vice-chairman.[21]
  3. ^ In 2016, as Business Secretary, Javid turned down meeting with Welsh MPs to discuss steel crisis and instead attended American Enterprise Institute conference,[190]

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