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==Recent history==
==Recent history==
Beginning in the 1970s, well-educated and affluent [[Asian Americans]] began settling in the west [[San Gabriel Valley]], primarily to Monterey Park.{{fact|date=October 2010}} The city council subsequently tried and failed to pass English-only ordinances. Timothy P. Fong,<ref name="temple.edu">{{cite web|author=Timothy P. Fong |url=http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/997_reg_print.html |title=Timothy P. Fong: The First Suburban Chinatown - Print |publisher=Temple.edu |date= |accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> a professor and director of Asian American studies at [[California State University, Sacramento]], described Monterey Park as the first "[[suburban]] [[Chinatown]]"<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/48018067/The-First-Suburban-Chinatown</ref> and said "Monterey Park went through a lot of upheaval that a lot of people regret."<ref>Quan, Douglas. "[http://www.pe.com/localnews/rivcounty/stories/PE_News_Local_D_asian07.25558b4.html Some in Chino Hills nervous about ethnic shift]." ''[[The Press-Enterprise]]''. Tuesday February 6, 2007. Retrieved on January 21, 2010.</ref> In 1985 the City Council of Monterey Park approved drafting of a proposal that would require all businesses in Monterey Park to display [[English language]] identification on business signs.<ref>Arax, Mark. "Stronger Rules on English in Signs Pushed by Council." ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. December 5, 1985. [http://articles.latimes.com/1985-12-05/news/ga-633_1_sign-ordinance 1]. Retrieved on March 29, 2010.</ref>
Beginning in the 1970s, well-educated and affluent [[Asian Americans]] began settling in the west [[San Gabriel Valley]], primarily to Monterey Park.{{fact|date=October 2010}} The city council subsequently tried and failed to pass English-only ordinances. In 1985, the City Council of Monterey Park approved drafting of a proposal that would require all businesses in Monterey Park to display [[English language]] identification on business signs.<ref>Arax, Mark. "Stronger Rules on English in Signs Pushed by Council." ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. December 5, 1985. [http://articles.latimes.com/1985-12-05/news/ga-633_1_sign-ordinance 1]. Retrieved on March 29, 2010.</ref>


In the 1980s, Monterey Park was also referred to as "[[Little Taipei]]".<ref name="asian"/><ref name="at-usa.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.at-usa.com/California/Localities/M/Monterey_Park/ |title=Monterey Park, California (CA) @USA |publisher=At-usa.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> Many businesses from [[Chinatown, Los Angeles]] began to open up stores in Monterey Park. In the 1970s and 1980s, many affluent ''[[Mainlander#Chinese mainlanders (Taiwan)|waisheng ren]]'' [[Taiwan]]ese immigrants moved abroad from Taiwan and began settling into Monterey Park. [[Mandarin Chinese]] dialect was predominant in the city during that time.<ref name="temple.edu"/> By the late 1980s, immigrants from [[Mainland China]] and [[Vietnam]] began moving into Monterey Park. By the 1990 census, Monterey Park became the first city with an Asian descent majority population in the continental United States.<ref name="at-usa.com"/>
In the 1980s, Monterey Park was also referred to as "[[Little Taipei]]".<ref name="asian"/><ref name="at-usa.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.at-usa.com/California/Localities/M/Monterey_Park/ |title=Monterey Park, California (CA) @USA |publisher=At-usa.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> Many businesses from [[Chinatown, Los Angeles]] began to open up stores in Monterey Park. In the 1970s and 1980s, many affluent ''[[Mainlander#Chinese mainlanders (Taiwan)|waisheng ren]]'' [[Taiwan]]ese immigrants moved abroad from Taiwan and began settling into Monterey Park. [[Mandarin Chinese]] dialect was predominant in the city during that time.<ref name="temple.edu"/> By the late 1980s, immigrants from [[Mainland China]] and [[Vietnam]] began moving into Monterey Park. By the 1990 census, Monterey Park became the first city with an Asian descent majority population in the continental United States.<ref name="at-usa.com"/>

Revision as of 20:50, 27 October 2010

City of Monterey Park
City
Cascades Waterfall on Atlantic Boulevard
Cascades Waterfall on Atlantic Boulevard
Official seal of City of Monterey Park
Seal
Location of Monterey Park in Los Angeles County, California
Location of Monterey Park in Los Angeles County, California
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyLos Angeles
Government
 • MayorAnthony Wong
Area
 • Total7.7 sq mi (19.9 km2)
 • Land7.6 sq mi (19.8 km2)
 • Water0.04 sq mi (0.1 km2)  0.39%
Elevation
384 ft (117 m)
Population
 (2005)
 • Total63,928
 • Density7,869.5/sq mi (3,038.4/km2)
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP codes
91754-91756
Area code(s)323, 626
FIPS code06-48914
GNIS feature ID1652753
Websitehttp://ci.monterey-park.ca.us

Monterey Park is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city's motto is "Pride in the past, Faith in the future".[1] Monterey Park is part of a cluster of cities, along with Arcadia, Temple City, Rosemead, San Marino, and San Gabriel in the west San Gabriel Valley, with a growing Asian population.[2][2] As of the 2005 estimate, the city had a total population of 63,928.[1]

History

For at least seven thousand years [3] the land was populated by the Tongva (Gabrielino) Native Americans. The Tongva lived in dome like structures with thatched exteriors, an open smoke hole for ventilation and light at the top.[4] Both sexes wore long hair styles and tattooed their bodies. During warm weather the men wore little clothes but the women would wear minimal skirts made of animal hides. During the cold weather they would wear animal skin capes and occasionally wore sandals made from hide of yucca fiber.[5] With the arrival of the Spaniards, Old World diseases killed off many of the Tongva, and by 1870 very few Native-Americans had survived.

In the early 19th century the area was part of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel mission system and later, the Rancho San Antonio. Following the Civil War, an Italian, [[Alessandro Repetto],] purchased 5,000 acres (20 km²) of the rancho and built his ranch house on the hill overlooking his land, about a half-mile north of where Garfield Avenue crosses the Pomona Freeway,[6] not far from where the Edison substation is now located on Garfield Avenue.[7]

It was at this time, Richard Garvey, a mail rider for the U.S. Army whose route took him through Monterey Pass, a trail that is now Garvey Avenue, settled down in the King's Hills. Garvey began developing the land by bringing in spring water from near the Hondo River and by constructing a 54-foot-high (16 m) dam to form Garvey Lake located where Garvey Ranch Park is now. To pay for his development and past debts, Garvey began selling portions of his property. In 1906, the first subdivision in the area, Ramona Acres, was developed north of Garvey and east of Garfield Avenues.[7]

In 1916, the new residents of the area initiated action to become a city when the cities of Pasadena, South Pasadena, and Alhambra proposed to put a large sewage treatment facility in the area. The community voted itself into cityhood on May 29, 1916, by a vote of 455 to 33. The City's new Board of Directors immediately outlawed sewage plants within city boundaries and named the new city Monterey Park. The name was taken from an old government map showing the oak-covered hills of the area as Monterey Hills. In 1920, a large area on the south edge of the city broke away and the separate city of Montebello was established.[8]

By 1920, the white and Spanish-surname settlers were joined by Asian residents who began farming potatoes and flowers and developing nurseries in the Monterey Highlands area. They improved the Monterey Pass Trail with a road to aid in shipping their produce to Los Angeles. The nameless pass, which had been a popular location for western movies, was called Coyote Pass by Pioneer Masami Abe.[7]

In 1926, near the corner of Atlantic and Garvey Boulevards, Laura Scudder invented the first sealed bag of potato chips. In an effort to maintain quality and freshness, Laura's team would iron sheets of wax paper together to form a bag. They would fill these bags with potato chips; iron the top closed, and then deliver them to various retailers.[9]

Real estate became a thriving industry during the late 1920s with investors attracted to the many subdivisions under development and increasing commercial opportunities. One such development was the Midwick View Estates by Peter N. Snyder, a proposed garden community that was designed to rival Bel Air and Beverly Hills. Known as the "Father of the East Side", Mr. Snyder was a key player in the vast undertaking in the 1920s of developing the East Side as part of the industrial base of Los Angeles. His efforts to build Atlantic Boulevard, his work with the East Side organization to bring industry to the East Side, and his residential and commercial development projects along Atlantic Boulevard (Gardens Square, Golden Gate Square, and the Midwick View Estates) were a major influence to the surrounding communities. The focal point of the Midwick View Estates was Jardin del Encanto, otherwise known as "El Encanto," a Spanish style building that was to serve as the administration building and community center for Midwick View Estates, and an amphitheater to be nestled into the hillside above Kingsford Street. Although the amphitheater was never built, the observation terrace from which viewers could look down to Jardin del Encanto and the fountain with cascading water going down the hillside in stepped pools to De La Fuente remains and is now known as Heritage Falls Park or "the Cascades." The Great Depression brought an abrupt end to the real estate boom, as well as the Midwick proposal. From the late 1920s, the City had little development for nearly two decades.[7]

The end of World War II resulted in a revived growth trend with explosive population gains during the late 1940s and 1950s. Until this time, the population was concentrated in the northern and southern portions of the city, with the Garvey and Monterey Hills forming a natural barrier. With the renewed growth, many new subdivisions were developed, utilizing even the previously undeveloped central area to allow for maximum growth potential. A series of annexations of surrounding land also occurred.[7]

Recent history

Beginning in the 1970s, well-educated and affluent Asian Americans began settling in the west San Gabriel Valley, primarily to Monterey Park.[citation needed] The city council subsequently tried and failed to pass English-only ordinances. In 1985, the City Council of Monterey Park approved drafting of a proposal that would require all businesses in Monterey Park to display English language identification on business signs.[10]

In the 1980s, Monterey Park was also referred to as "Little Taipei".[11][12] Many businesses from Chinatown, Los Angeles began to open up stores in Monterey Park. In the 1970s and 1980s, many affluent waisheng ren Taiwanese immigrants moved abroad from Taiwan and began settling into Monterey Park. Mandarin Chinese dialect was predominant in the city during that time.[13] By the late 1980s, immigrants from Mainland China and Vietnam began moving into Monterey Park. By the 1990 census, Monterey Park became the first city with an Asian descent majority population in the continental United States.[12]

In the 1980s, the second generation Chinese Americans generally moved out of the old Chinatown and into the San Gabriel Valley suburbs, joining the new immigrants from Taiwan and Mainland China.[citation needed] From that time, with a combined influx of Vietnamese, Taiwanese and Hong Kong immigrant students at the time, Mark Keppel High School, constructed during the New Deal era and located in Alhambra, but also serving most of Monterey Park and portions of Rosemead, felt the impact of this new immigration as the student population increased dramatically, leading to overcrowding.[14] Today, many students are second- or third-generation Asian Americans.[citation needed]

In 1988, the City of Monterey Park passed an ordinance declaring a moratorium on new building, in an attempt to regulate the rapid growth the city experienced as a result of the influx of Asian immigrants.[11] [15] This moratorium was challenged and defeated in 1989 [16] This controversial move caused many Asian residents and businesses to shift locus, establishing themselves in the neighboring city of Alhambra. When the potential loss of business revenue was recognized, relocation back to Monterey Park was highly encouraged in the Asian American community.[17]

Since early 1990s, the Taiwanese are no longer the majority in the city,[12] and Cantonese is now widely spoken in many Chinese businesses of Monterey Park.[citation needed] The construction boom of shopping centers has declined, but recent plans for redevelopment may change that. High property values and overcrowding in Monterey Park[citation needed] have contributed to a secondary movement away from Monterey Park. Furthermore, a great many established, wealthy Taiwanese immigrants have since relocated out of Monterey Park and northward to wealthier cities of San Marino, Arcadia, Temple City, South Pasadena, and eastward to Diamond Bar, Hacienda Heights, Walnut and Rowland Heights, sometimes called the "New Little Taipei" by a local Chinese-language newspaper.[citation needed] Many Chinese-speaking businesses were established in these suburbs to accommodate this shift in demographics. This path exactly follows the White Flight of the late 1970s.[16] Development of new buildings in Monterey Park has come to a virtual standstill, although there are still numerous Chinese-oriented businesses in Monterey Park. There are many overgrown weedy lots still remaining undeveloped.

Business

The Chinese-dominated business district, between Garfield Avenue and Garvey Avenue, is called "Downtown Monterey Park".[citation needed] In the mid-1980s, Lincoln Plaza Hotel was built to predominately service tourists from Taiwan and Hong Kong. Monterey Park has many choices of Hong Kong fusion cafes, the first Hong Kong-style cafe opened in San Gabriel Valley opened in Monterey Park, but it has since closed. [citation needed] There are several Cantonese seafood restaurants, as well as restaurants offering Mainland Chinese fare. As the activity of Taiwanese immigrant activity shifted to San Gabriel, Arcadia and Rowland Heights in the 1980s and 1990s, few Taiwanese restaurants have opened in the city.

Redevelopment

Upcoming commercial developments include Atlantic Times Square,[18] which will have 225,000 square feet (20,900 m2) of commercial/retail space, including a 14-screen theater, at the southeast corner of Atlantic Boulevard and Hellman Avenue.[19]

The Towne Centre will be located at Garvey Avenue and Garfield Avenue, and is the future site of 500,000-square-foot (50,000 m2) the 45-acre (180,000 m2) Monterey Park Market Place center. The Monterey Park Towne Centre will offer 71,366 square feet (6,630 m2) of retail space in the heart of Monterey Park's Downtown revitalization Plans for the multi-use development include 109 condominiums.[20]

Cascades Market Place The 507,000-square-foot (47,100 m2) Center will be the largest shopping center in the city. Located along the Pomona 60 Freeway, west of Paramount Boulevard, this center proposes to be a major regional shopping center for the San Gabriel Valley.[19]

"The Garvey Villas Project", part of the Monterey Park Redevelopment plan, will be at the southwest corner of Atlantic Boulevard and Garvey Avenue. The project involves displacement and relocation of two separate family homes. The Agency pledges to appropriate, on a timely basis, the funds necessary to ensure the successful completion of the relocation activities associated with this Project.[21]

Places of interest

Monterey Park is home to the Garvey Ranch Observatory, located in Garvey Ranch Park, which is operated by the Los Angeles Astronomical Society (LAAS). It adjoins a telescope construction workshop, a historical museum and a library. The observatory houses an 8-inch (200 mm) refractor, and the grounds are open to the public for astronomical observation on Wednesday evenings, hosted by LAAS members.[citation needed]

The Sybil Brand Institute, the county jail for women, was located in the city, but closed in 1994 after the facility had been damaged in the Northridge earthquake.[12][22]

Transportation

Monterey Park is served by the I-710, the San Bernardino Freeway (I-10), and the Pomona Freeway, SR 60.

Public transportation is provided by the city government, Spirit bus service and Metrolink feeder bus, the City of Montebello and the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority.

Geography

Monterey Park is located at 34°02′57″N 118°08′08″W / 34.049199°N 118.135561°W / 34.049199; -118.135561.Template:GR According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.7 square miles (19.9 km²), of which, 7.6 square miles (19.8 km²) is land, and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) (0.39%) is water.

The city boundaries include Los Angeles to the west, unincorporated East Los Angeles to the south, Alhambra to the north, Rosemead to the northeast, Montebello to the south, and unincorporated South San Gabriel to the southeast.

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 60,051 people, 19,564 households, and 15,240 families residing in the city. The population density was 7,869.5 people per square mile (3,038.8/km²). There were 20,209 housing units at an average density of 2,648.3/sq mi (1,022.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 61.82% Asian American, 28.91% Hispanic American or Latino American of any race, 21.29% White American, 12.45% from other races, 3.35% from two or more races, 0.65% Native American, 0.38% African American, and 0.06% Pacific Islander American. Monterey Park is 42.32% Chinese American,and is the city in the United States with the largest population of Chinese descent.[citation needed] The Chinese American population in Monterey Park and San Gabriel Valley is relatively diverse in socio-economics and region of origin. Monterey Park has attracted immigrants from Taiwan, as well as Mainland Chinese and the overseas Chinese from Vietnam, Indonesia, and Myanmar. While the multi-generational American-born Latino population was generally declining in Monterey Park, there has been a small new influx of Mexican immigrants.[citation needed]

There were 19,564 households out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 17.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.43.[citation needed]

In the city the population was spread out with 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,724, and the median income for a family was $43,507. Males had a median income of $32,463 versus $29,057 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,661. About 12.4% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government

In the state legislature Monterey Park is located in the 24th Senate District, represented by Democrat Gloria Romero, and in the 49th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Mike Eng,also a former mayor of Monterey Park. Federally, Monterey Park is located in California's 29th and 32nd congressional districts, which have Cook PVIs of D +12 and D +17[23] and is represented by Democrats Adam Schiff and Judy Chu.

The current mayor of Monterey Park is Anthony Wong, with the Mayor Pro Tem is Betty Tom Chu. The remaining City Council Members are Benjamin "Frank" Venti, David Lau, and Mitchell Ing.

The City Council is the legislative and policy-making body for the City of Monterey Park. Council Members are elected at-large for four-year, overlapping terms of office. The mayor, who is selected during council reorganization every nine and half months, presides over all council meetings and is the ceremonial head of the city for all official functions.[24]

The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department has its central headquarters in Monterey Park. Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department[25] The Edmund D. Edelman Children's Court, Central Juvenile District, (Dependency) is located in Monterey Park.[26] The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Monrovia Health Center in Monrovia, serving Monterey Park.[27]

Education

Monterey Highlands School
Mark Keppel High School

Colleges and universities

East Los Angeles College is a community college that is located in Monterey Park in an area that was once part of East Los Angeles (unincorporated). In addition California State University, Los Angeles is in proximity.[28]

Primary and secondary schools

Four school districts all serve different areas of Monterey Park. They include Alhambra Unified School District, Garvey School District, Los Angeles Unified School District, and Montebello Unified School District.[28][29]

Public schools

Alhambra Unified School District

K-8 schools serving AUSD in Monterey Park include:

Mark Keppel High School, [2], located in Alhambra, also serves Monterey Park.

Garvey School District

Two elementary schools, Hillcrest and Monterey Vista (both are in Monterey Park), serve this part of the city. Both Hillcrest and Monterey Vista are blue ribbon schools.

Garvey Intermediate School (Rosemead) also serves this portion.

Once students graduate from eighth grade, they attend Alhambra's Mark Keppel High School [3].

Los Angeles Unified School District

Robert Lane Elementary School (Monterey Park), Griffith Middle School (Unincorporated Los Angeles County), and Garfield High School (Unincorporated Los Angeles County) serve the LAUSD part of the city.

Montebello Unified School District

Bella Vista Elementary School, Monterey Park, Potrero Heights Elementary School, South San Gabriel, Macy Intermediate School, Monterey Park, and Schurr High School, Montebello, serve the Montebello MUSD portion.

Private schools

Saint Stephen Martyr School: opened in 1926 to provide the families of Monterey Park with an opportunity for their children to receive a Catholic School education. K--Grade 8 [4]

Meher Montessori School: preschool, lower and upper elementary classes [30]

St Thomas Aquinas School: A Catholic parish school, serving economically and ethnically diverse students in grades Kindergarten through eighth. Founded in 1963, the Church is in the center of our school both physically and spiritually. The school is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and the Western Catholic Educational Association.[31]

New Avenue School PreKindergarten—Kindergarten through 8th grade. New Avenue school was founded in 1961. [5]

Alpha-Shen Preschool and Kindergarten

Esther's Nest Children's School PreKindergarten—Kindergarten

Graceland Christian Day Care Center PreKindergarten—Kindergarten

Monterey Park Christian School PreKindergarten—Kindergarten

Public libraries

The Monterey Park Bruggemeyer Library serves Monterey Park.[32]

References

  1. ^ a b epikwiki.com (1916-05-29). "Monterey Park California | Monterey Park California Wiki". montereyparkcalifornia.net. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  2. ^ a b "PACS | Asian Pacific Family Center | Asian Youth Center | Chinatown Service Center | Korean Youth and Community Center | Search to Involve Pilipino Americans". Pacsla.org. 2005-04-26. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  3. ^ "introduction". Lausd.k12.ca.us. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  4. ^ "Housing". Lausd.k12.ca.us. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  5. ^ "clothing". Lausd.k12.ca.us. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  6. ^ "About Montebello". City of Montebello. 1920-10-19. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  7. ^ a b c d e "City of Monterey Park : History of Monterey Park". Ci.monterey-park.ca.us. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  8. ^ "Chamber History". Montebellochamber.org. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  9. ^ "Laura Scudder's". Laurascudders.com. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  10. ^ Arax, Mark. "Stronger Rules on English in Signs Pushed by Council." Los Angeles Times. December 5, 1985. 1. Retrieved on March 29, 2010.
  11. ^ a b Alfred Pong. "The Chinese Beverly Hills". Asianweek.com. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  12. ^ a b c d "Monterey Park, California (CA) @USA". At-usa.com. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference temple.edu was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ "Mark Keppel High School". Mkhs.org. 1999-12-31. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  15. ^ "Local News in Brief : Building Bans Imposed - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. 1988-05-12. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  16. ^ a b Berton, Justin (2010-06-05). "Whites in state 'below the replacement' level". Sfgate.com. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  17. ^ By DOUGLAS QUANThe Press-Enterprise (2007-02-06). "Riverside County | PE.com | Southern California News | News for Inland Southern California". PE.com. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  18. ^ Atlantic Times Square
  19. ^ a b "City of Monterey Park : Trends in Redevelopment". Ci.monterey-park.ca.us. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  20. ^ "City of Monterey Park : Towne Centre". Ci.monterey-park.ca.us. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  21. ^ "Microsoft Word - Garvey Villas Final Relo Plan 3-12-07". 74.6.146.127. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  22. ^ "County may replace jail". Whittier Daily News. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  23. ^ "Will Gerrymandered Districts Stem the Wave of Voter Unrest?". Campaign Legal Center Blog. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
  24. ^ [1][dead link]
  25. ^ "Education-Based Discipline." Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. April 29, 2009. Retrieved on March 12, 2010.
  26. ^ "Court Location General Tab". Lasuperiorcourt.org. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  27. ^ "Monrovia Health Center." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 27, 2010.
  28. ^ a b "School districts serving Monterey Park." City of Monterey Park. Retrieved on July 3, 2010.
  29. ^ http://www.latimes.com/classified/realestate/news/la-re-guide5mar05,1,4455622.story latimes.com
  30. ^ "info". Mehermontessori.org. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  31. ^ "Information - St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic School". Stacatholicschool.org. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  32. ^ "Welcome!" Monterey Park Bruggemeyer Library. Retrieved on March 16, 2010.

External links

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