Opinion polling for the 45th Canadian federal election

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Opinion polling for
Canadian federal elections
2008
Opinion polls
2011
Opinion polls • By constituency
2015
Opinion polls • By constituency
2019
Opinion polls • By constituency
2021
Opinion polls • By constituency
Next election
Opinion polls

This table provides a list of scientific, nationwide public opinion polls conducted from the 2021 Canadian federal election leading up to the 45th Canadian federal election.

National polls

Pre-campaign period

Evolution of voting intentions according to polls conducted during the pre-campaign period of the 45th Canadian federal election, graphed from the data in the table below. Trendlines are 30-poll local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the trendlines, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals.
Polling firm Last date
of polling[a] 		Link CPC LPC NDP BQ PPC GPC Others[b] Margin
of error[c] 		Sample
size[d] 		Polling method[e] Lead
Nanos Research December 16, 2022 [1] 35 29 21 6 3 5 — ±3.0 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 6
Leger December 11, 2022 [2] 33 30 21 7 4 4 2 ±2.50 pp 1,526 online 3
Abacus Data December 10, 2022 [3] 36 30 19 6 4 4 1 — 2,500 online 6
Nanos Research December 9, 2022 [4] 33.6 30.3 20.9 5.5 2.6 5.0 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 3.3
Mainstreet Research December 8, 2022 [5] 37.9 33.6 16.4 5.1 2.4 3.6 1.0 ±2.8 pp 1,267 IVR 4.3
Nanos Research December 2, 2022 [6] 33 31 22 6 3 5 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 2
Nanos Research November 25, 2022 [7] 30.3 31.0 22.5 7.1 3.4 4.8 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/2) telephone (rolling) 0.7
EKOS November 23, 2022 [8] 33.6 31.3 18.1 5.1 3.4 6.6 1.9 ±3.1 pp 1,034 IVR 2.3
November 19, 2022 Elizabeth May returns as leader of the Green Party
Innovative Research November 14, 2022 [9] 33 32 18 7 2 6 1 — 2,236 online 1
Leger November 13, 2022 [10] 34 32 19 7 2 4 2 ±2.50 pp 1,537 online 2
Nanos Research November 11, 2022 [11] 31.3 32.9 20.0 8.1 1.7 5.1 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/2) telephone (rolling) 1.6
Mainstreet Research November 7, 2022 [12] 37.6 30.3 19.3 3.8 4.1 3.5 1.4 ±2.7 pp 1,276 IVR 7.3
Nanos Research October 28, 2022 [7] 34.4 32.1 16.9 7.9 3.2 4.3 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 2.3
Research Co. October 26, 2022 [13] 35 31 19 8 2 4 1 ±3.1 pp 1,000 online 4
Abacus Data October 26, 2022 [14] 34 31 18 6 4 5 1 ±2.1 pp 1,500 online 3
Nanos Research October 21, 2022 [15] 36 30 17 8 4 4 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 6
Nanos Research October 14, 2022 [16] 35 34 18 6 3 5 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 1
Leger October 10, 2022 [17] 33 31 21 8 2 3 1 ±2.50 pp 1,534 online 2
Nanos Research October 7, 2022 [18] 33 32 21 6 2 5 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 1
Nanos Research September 30, 2022 [19] 33 29 23 6 2 5 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/2) telephone (rolling) 4
Mainstreet Research September 22, 2022 [20] 40.8 32.7 12.4 5.2 3.4 2.6 2.7 ±3.0 pp 1,088 IVR 8.1
Angus Reid September 22, 2022 [21] 37 30 20 7 1 3 1 ±2 pp 5,014 online 7
Ipsos September 21, 2022 [22] 35 30 20 7 3 3 2 ±3.5 pp 1,000 online 5
Leger September 18, 2022 [23] 34 28 23 8 3 3 1 ±2.51 pp 1,522 online 6
EKOS September 16, 2022 [24] 33.7 31.7 20.1 5.9 3.1 5.0 0.5 ±3.1 pp 1,005 IVR 2.0
Nanos Research September 16, 2022 [25] 30.7 28.4 26.0 6.0 3.4 4.8 — ±3.00 pp 1,000 telephone (rolling) 2.3
Abacus Data September 14, 2022 [26] 35 30 17 9 4 4 1 ±2.2 pp 1,990 online 5
September 10, 2022 Pierre Poilievre is elected leader of the Conservative Party
Abacus Data August 30, 2022 [27] 33 32 19 7 5 3 1 ±2.6 pp 1,500 online 1
Nanos Research August 19, 2022 [25] 32.5 33.3 20.1 5.5 2.1 5.6 — ±3.00 pp 1,000 (1/2) telephone (rolling) 0.8
Leger August 7, 2022 [28] 28 33 21 8 5 4 2 ±2.52 pp 1,509 online 5
Nanos Research August 5, 2022 [29] 32.6 29.0 22.7 6.3 1.7 6.8 — ±3.0 pp 1,000 telephone (rolling) 3.6
Abacus Data July 27, 2022 [30] 35 30 19 7 4 4 1 ±2.0 pp 2,400 online 5
Mainstreet Research July 18, 2022 [31] 38.3 27.6 18.1 5.9 5.2 2.6 2.3 ±2.3 pp 1,749 IVR 10.7
Abacus Data July 17, 2022 [32] 33 31 19 8 4 4 1 ±2.6 pp 1,500 online 2
Leger July 10, 2022 [33] 28 32 21 7 5 4 3 ±2.49 pp 1,538 online 4
Nanos Research July 8, 2022 [29] 34.1 30.6 20.8 5.6 2.8 5.4 — ±3.0 pp 1,000 (3/4) telephone (rolling) 3.5
Abacus Data June 23, 2022 [34] 34 30 18 8 5 4 1 ±1.8 pp 3,026 online 4
Ipsos June 20, 2022 [35] 33 32 21 8 2 2 1 ±2.5 pp 2,002 online 1
Nanos Research June 17, 2022 [36] 35.5 30.5 19.2 6.1 2.9 5.1 — ±2.9 pp 1,000 telephone (rolling) 5.0
Mainstreet Research June 16, 2022 [37] 25.8 34.0 22.8 7.8 3.1 4.5 2.0 ±2.8 pp 1,200 online 8.2
Leger June 12, 2022 [38] 32 30 21 6 4 4 2 ±2.5 pp 1,528 online 2
Abacus Data May 24, 2022 [39] 31 31 19 8 5 5 1 ±2.6 pp 1,500 online 0
Nanos Research May 20, 2022 [36] 32.5 34.4 19.6 6.1 3.3 4.1 — ±2.9 pp 1,000 telephone (rolling) 1.9
EKOS May 17, 2022 [40] 35.4 29.2 19.9 4.3 4.2 4.5 3 ±2.8 pp 1,244 IVR 6.2
EKOS May 9, 2022 [41] 31.4 31.8 20.3 4.8 4.8 5.2 2 ±2.1 pp 2,140 IVR 0.4
Abacus Data May 6, 2022 [42] 33 31 19 8 5 3 1 ±2.6 pp 1,500 online 2
Mainstreet Research April 29, 2022 [43] 38.4 32.2 16.9 6.7 — 2.8 3.1 ±2.7 pp 1,327 IVR 6.2
Nanos Research April 22, 2022 [44] 35.6 30.0 19.6 5.4 3.4 5.5 — ±2.9 pp 1,000 (1/2) telephone (rolling) 5.6
Leger April 10, 2022 [45] 29 31 21 7 6 4 2 ±2.5 pp 1,538 online 2
Abacus Data April 9, 2022 [46] 31 33 18 8 5 4 1 ±2.1 pp 2,000 online 2
Nanos Research April 8, 2022 [47] 33 33 18 — — — — ±3.0 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 0
Nanos Research April 1, 2022 [47] 31 33 21 — — — — ±3.0 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 2
Abacus Data March 25, 2022 [48] 33 31 17 7 6 4 1 ±2.6 pp 1,500 online 2
Nanos Research March 25, 2022 [44] 31.3 32.2 21.6 5.9 3.6 4.8 — ±2.9 pp 1,000 (1/2) telephone (rolling) 0.9
March 22, 2022 The Liberals and NDP enter into a confidence-and-supply agreement.
Nanos Research March 11, 2022 [49] 29.3 32.1 22.2 6.4 5.0 4.9 — ±3.0 pp 1,000 (1/2) telephone (rolling) 2.8
Leger March 6, 2022 [50] 28 33 22 8 5 3 1 ±2.5 pp 1,591 online 5
Nanos Research February 25, 2022 [51] 32.2 30.3 17.7 — 5.4 6.8 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/2) telephone (rolling) 1.9
Abacus Data February 22, 2022 [52] 31 31 20 8 6 3 1 ±1.4 pp 5,200 online 0
Ipsos February 21, 2022 [53] 32 32 23 6 4 3 1 ±3.5 pp 1,001 online 0
Mainstreet Research February 17, 2022 [54] 38.7 30.6 14.6 6.3 6.2 1.9 1.7 ±2.7 pp 1,323 IVR 8.1
Nanos Research February 11, 2022 [55] 31.1 30.6 16.9 7.1 7.1 6.4 — ±3.0 pp 1,000 (1/2) telephone (rolling) 0.5
Abacus Data February 8, 2022 [56] 30 33 19 8 6 3 1 ±2.6 pp 1,500 online 3
Leger February 6, 2022 [57] 29 33 21 8 4 4 0 ±2.49 pp 1,546 online 4
February 2, 2022 Erin O'Toole is removed as leader of the Conservative Party. Candice Bergen is named interim leader.
Nanos Research January 28, 2022 [58] 30.4 29.9 20.7 — 6.7 5.8 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 0.5
Mainstreet Research January 23, 2022 [59] 29.3 29.4 16.7 5.8 12.7 3.2 2.8 ±2.3 pp 1,813 IVR 0.1
Leger January 23, 2022 [60] 31 34 18 7 6 3 2 ±2.51 pp 1,525 online 3
Nanos Research January 21, 2022 [61] 29.4 28.4 22.3 5.6 — 7.0 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 1.0
EKOS January 17, 2022 [62] 29.7 30.3 19.5 5.9 9.1 4.5 1 ±1.9 pp 2,612 IVR 0.6
Nanos Research January 14, 2022 [63] 28.5 28.2 24.3 6.1 5.3 6.3 — ±3.0 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 0.3
Angus Reid January 12, 2022 [64] 29 34 20 5 6 3 2 ±2.0 pp 5,002 online 5
Abacus Data January 12, 2022 [65] 30 32 19 8 7 3 1 ±2.089 pp 2,200 online 2
Nanos Research January 7, 2022 [66] 29.0 30.6 21.4 6.2 5.7 6.1 — ±3.0 pp 1,000 telephone (rolling) 1.6
Discover by Navigator January 5, 2022 [67] 29 32 22 6 7 4 — — 2,513 online 3
EKOS December 21, 2021 [68] 25 32 23 4 10 4 2 ±3.1 pp 1,015 IVR 7
Nanos Research December 10, 2021 [66] 30.4 33.3 19.8 6.2 6.7 7.0 — ±3.0 pp 1,000 telephone (rolling) 2.9
Leger December 5, 2021 [69] 29 36 19 7 5 3 1 ±2.49 pp 1,547 online 7
Mainstreet Research November 30, 2021 [70] 30.3 33.5 15.7 5.5 10.0 3.2 1.9 ±2.36 pp 1,719 IVR 3.2
Abacus Data November 30, 2021 [71] 30 32 20 8 6 3 1 ±2.2 pp 2,025 online 2
Angus Reid November 29, 2021 [72] 29 35 20 7 5 2 1 ±2 pp 2,005 online 6
November 27, 2021 Amita Kuttner is named interim leader of the Green Party
EKOS November 21, 2021 [73] 26.6 30.4 19.1 5.9 11.4 5.2 1 ±3.1 pp 1,006 IVR 3.8
Leger November 7, 2021 [74] 26 35 22 8 5 3 2 ±2.48 pp 1,565 online 9
Nanos Research October 29, 2021 [75] 30.1 30.8 21.6 7.4 5.8 3.1 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 (1/4) telephone (rolling) 0.7
Mainstreet Research October 24, 2021 [76] 33.3 33.8 15.4 5.5 — 3.0 8.9 ±2.4 pp 1,711 IVR 0.5
Nanos Research October 22, 2021 [77] 30.8 29.9 23.1 7.3 5.3 2.7 — ±3.1 pp 1,000 telephone (rolling) 0.9
Abacus Data October 20, 2021 [78] 30 33 19 7 6 3 1 ±1.9 pp 2,220 online 3
September 27, 2021 Annamie Paul announces her intention to resign as the leader of the Green Party
2021 election September 20, 2021 HTML 33.7 32.6 17.8 7.6 4.9 2.3 1.1 — 17,042,591 — 1.1
Polling firm Last date
of polling[a] 		Link Others Margin
of error[c] 		Sample
size[d] 		Polling method[e] Lead
CPC LPC NDP BQ PPC GPC

Regional polls

A number of polling firms survey federal voting intentions on a regional or provincial level:

Alberta

Polling firm Last date
of polling 		Link LPC CPC NDP GPC PPC Others Margin
of error[c] 		Sample
size[d] 		Polling method[e] Lead
Yorkville Strategies March 9, 2022 [79] 18 48 20 4 7 3 ± 4 pp 600 Phone 28

Quebec

Polling firm Last date
of polling 		Link LPC CPC NDP BQ GPC PPC Others Margin
of error[c] 		Sample
size[d] 		Polling method[e] Lead
Leger November 6, 2022 [80] 34 18 12 30 2 2 — ± 3.1 pp 1,028 Online 4

Leadership polls

Aside from conducting the usual opinion surveys on general party preferences, polling firms also survey public opinion on which political party leader would make the best Prime Minister:

November 2022 – Present

Polling firm Last date

of polling

Link Justin Trudeau Pierre Poilievre Jagmeet Singh Yves-François Blanchet Elizabeth May Maxime Bernier Unsure Margin
of error[c] 		Lead
Nanos Research December 16, 2022 [81] 29 27 17.3 4.4 3.6 1.8 16.8 ±3.1 pp 2
Nanos Research December 9, 2022 [82] 27.9 27.8 16.4 3.3 2.9 2.6 19.2 ±3.1 pp 0.1
Nanos Research December 2, 2022 [83] 29.2 25.8 18.2 2.8 2.7 2 19.3 ±3.1 pp 3.4
Nanos Research November 25, 2022 [84] 29.4 25.8 18.4 3.6 2.1 2.5 18.3 ±3.1 pp 3.6

September 2022 – November 2022

Polling firm Last date

of polling

Link Justin Trudeau Pierre Poilievre Jagmeet Singh Yves-François Blanchet Amita Kuttner Maxime Bernier Unsure Margin
of error[c] 		Lead
Nanos Research November 18, 2022 [85] 30.5 26.1 18.4 3.6 1.5 2.0 18.0 ±3.1 pp 4.4
Nanos Research November 11, 2022 [86] 31.0 27.3 18.0 4.1 1.6 1.4 16.6 ±3.1 pp 3.7
Nanos Research November 4, 2022 [87] 31.5 28.0 16.5 4.6 1.5 2.1 15.7 ±3.1 pp 3.5
Nanos Research October 28, 2022 [88] 30.7 28.9 15.1 4.8 1.6 3.0 15.9 ±3.1 pp 1.8
Research Co. October 26, 2022 [13] 30 24 17 4 1 2 21 ±3.1 pp 4
Nanos Research October 21, 2022 [89] 29.5 30.0 16.2 5.2 1.2 3.0 15.0 ±3.1 pp 0.5
Nanos Research October 14, 2022 [90] 29.8 30.0 14.9 3.7 0.7 2.7 18.1 ±3.1 pp 0.2
Nanos Research October 7, 2022 [91] 29.0 27.0 19.4 3.2 1.1 2.6 17.7 ±3.1 pp 2.0
Nanos Research September 30, 2022 [92] 28.2 24.8 20.8 2.9 1.1 2.6 19.6 ±3.1 pp 3.4
Nanos Research September 23, 2022 [93] 29.2 20.9 19.6 2.5 1.6 3.2 22.9 ±3.1 pp 8.3
Ipsos September 20, 2022 [94] 31 35 26 8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 4
Leger September 18, 2022 [23] 24 21 17 N/A 1 3 N/A N/A 3
Nanos Research September 16, 2022 [95] 27.4 18.4 20.9 2.9 1.6 3.1 25.8 ±3.0 pp 6.5

February 2022 – September 2022

Polling firm Last date

of polling

Link Justin Trudeau Candice Bergen Jagmeet Singh Yves-François Blanchet Amita Kuttner Maxime Bernier Unsure Margin
of error[c] 		Lead
Nanos Research September 9, 2022 [96] 29.6 19.3 17.4 3.3 1.4 3.2 25.8 ±3.0 pp 10.3
Nanos Research September 2, 2022 [97] 31.1 18.8 16.9 3.1 1.4 3.3 25.4 ±2.9 pp 12.3
Nanos Research August 26, 2022 [98] 31.1 18.1 17.0 3.5 1.6 3.2 25.6 ±2.9 pp 13.0
Nanos Research August 19, 2022 [99] 30.1 19.2 17.1 3.6 2.2 3.4 24.4 ±2.9 pp 10.9
Nanos Research August 12, 2022 [100] 28.7 17.8 18.1 2.9 2.5 3.5 26.6 ±2.9 pp 10.6
Nanos Research August 5, 2022 [101] 26.7 18.2 19.0 3.6 3.0 3.3 26.2 ±3.0 pp 7.7
Nanos Research July 29, 2022 [102] 27.8 17.6 18.9 3.6 2.5 2.7 26.9 ±3.0 pp 8.9
Nanos Research July 22, 2022 [103] 27.3 16.6 18.8 3.7 2.3 2.7 28.7 ±3.0 pp 8.5
Nanos Research July 15, 2022 [104] 28.1 17.7 18.9 4.0 2.3 2.6 26.4 ±3.0 pp 9.2
Nanos Research July 8, 2022 [105] 29.9 18.1 17.5 3.2 2.1 2.4 26.5 ±3.0 pp 11.8
Nanos Research July 1, 2022 [106] 30.1 19.5 17.2 3.0 1.6 2.7 25.4 ±3.0 pp 10.6
Nanos Research June 24, 2022 [107] 31.0 18.5 16.9 2.9 1.7 3.8 25.3 ±3.0 pp 12.5
Nanos Research June 17, 2022 [108] 29.8 18.2 16.9 2.9 1.8 4.6 25.8 ±3.0 pp 11.6
Nanos Research June 10, 2022 [109] 29.8 19.3 16.0 3.7 2.1 4.8 24.3 ±3.1 pp 10.5
Nanos Research June 3, 2022 [110] 28.8 19.9 16.2 4.4 1.6 4.7 24.5 ±3.0 pp 8.9
Nanos Research May 27, 2022 [111] 30.7 20.6 16.5 4.5 1.6 3.9 22.2 ±3.0 pp 10.1
Nanos Research May 20, 2022 [112] 31.1 20.5 16.6 4.8 1.7 3.5 21.7 ±3.0 pp 10.6
Nanos Research May 13, 2022 [113] 31.9 20.3 17.4 4.4 1.5 2.8 21.7 ±3.1 pp 11.6
Nanos Research May 6, 2022 [114] 30.8 20.3 18.5 3.7 1.5 2.6 22.6 ±3.1 pp 10.5
Nanos Research April 29, 2022 [115] 29.7 21.5 16.8 4.4 1.6 3.2 22.9 ±3.1 pp 8.2
Nanos Research April 22, 2022 [116] 29.7 20.4 17.3 4.7 1.1 3.4 23.3 ±3.1 pp 9.3
Nanos Research April 15, 2022 [117] 29.7 19.1 17.4 4.9 1.4 4.2 23.2 ±3.1 pp 10.6
Nanos Research April 8, 2022 [118] 31.8 18.5 17.1 4.2 1.9 5.2 21.3 ±3.1 pp 13.3
Nanos Research April 1, 2022 [119] 30.0 16.9 19.0 4.1 1.8 4.8 23.3 ±3.1 pp 11.0
Nanos Research March 25, 2022 [120] 30.4 17.1 19.5 3.3 1.9 4.5 23.2 ±3.1 pp 10.9
Nanos Research March 18, 2022 [121] 30.0 18.5 19.3 3.1 1.2 4.7 23.2 ±3.1 pp 10.7
Nanos Research March 11, 2022 [122] 31.0 17.2 19.1 3.5 1.1 5.6 22.4 ±3.1 pp 11.9
Nanos Research March 4, 2022 [123] 30.6 18.0 17.5 3.2 1.1 6.1 23.4 ±3.1 pp 12.6
Nanos Research February 25, 2022 [124] 29.9 19.2 17.1 3.3 1.2 7.3 22.0 ±3.1 pp 10.7
Nanos Research February 18, 2022 [125] 28.6 19.2 16.7 3.4 1.5 8.0 22.5 ±3.1 pp 9.4

Government approval polls

Polling firm Last date of polling[a] Link Approve Disapprove Unsure/
Neither 		Margin
of error[c] 		Sample
size[d] 		Polling method[e] Net
approval
Abacus Data October 26, 2022 [14] 35% 47% 18% ±2.1 pp 1,500 Online -12%
Ipsos September 21, 2022 [22] 42% 58% — ±3.5 pp 1,000 Online -16%
Abacus Data September 14, 2022 [30] 37% 49% 14% ±2.2 pp 1,990 Online -12%
Abacus Data August 30, 2022 [30] 36% 49% 15% ±2.6 pp 1,500 Online -13%
Abacus Data July 27, 2022 [30] 34% 51% 15% ±2.0 pp 2,400 Online –17%
Abacus Data July 17, 2022 [32] 38% 46% 16% ±2.6 pp 1,500 Online –8%
Abacus Data June 23, 2022 [32] 38% 45% 17% ±1.8 pp 3,026 Online –7%
Abacus Data May 24, 2022 [39] 40% 43% 17% ±2.6 pp 1,500 Online –3%
Abacus Data May 6, 2022 [42] 41% 42% 17% ±2.6 pp 1,500 Online –1%
Abacus Data April 9, 2022 [46] 41% 44% 15% ±2.1 pp 2,000 Online –3%
Abacus Data March 25, 2022 [48] 40% 42% 18% ±2.6 pp 1,500 Online –2%
Abacus Data February 22, 2022 [52] 39% 46% 15% ±1.4 pp 5,200 Online –7%
Abacus Data February 8, 2022 [56] 38% 45% 16% ±2.6 pp 1,500 Online –7%
Ipsos January 17, 2022 [126] 49% 51% — ±3.5 pp 1,001 Online –2%
Abacus Data January 12, 2022 [65] 44% 40% 16% ±2.1 pp 2,200 Online +4%
Abacus Data November 30, 2021 [71] 41% 44% 15% ±2.2 pp 2,025 Online –3%
Ipsos November 15, 2021 [127] 48% 52% — ±3.5 pp 1,001 Online –4%
Abacus Data October 20, 2021 [78] 42% 43% 16% ±1.9 pp 2,200 Online –1%

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Polls that share the same last date of polling are ordered from earliest (below) to latest (above) first date of polling. Polls that have identical field dates are placed in the order in which they were released/published (earliest below, latest above).
  2. ^ Support for other parties may include the People's Party of Canada depending on the poll.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h In cases when linked poll details distinguish between the margin of error associated with the total sample of respondents (including undecided and non-voters) and that of the subsample of decided/leaning voters, the former is included in the table. Also not included is the margin of error created by rounding to the nearest whole number or any margin of error from methodological sources. Most online polls (because of their opt-in method of recruiting panelists which results in a non-random sample) cannot have a margin of error. In such cases, shown is what the margin of error would be for a survey using a random probability-based sample of equivalent size.
  4. ^ a b c d e Refers to the total, "raw" sample size, including undecided and non-voters, and before demographic weighting is applied. Fractions in parentheses apply to rolling polls (see below) and indicate the proportion of the sample that is independent from the previous poll in the series.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Telephone" refers to traditional telephone polls conducted by live interviewers; "IVR" refers to automated Interactive Voice Response polls conducted by telephone; "online" refers to polls conducted exclusively over the internet; "telephone/online" refers to polls which combine results from both telephone and online surveys, or for which respondents are initially recruited by telephone and then asked to complete an online survey. "Rolling" polls contain overlapping data from one poll to the next.

References

  1. ^ "Federal Polling:". Nanos Research. December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  2. ^ "Canadians Federal Voting Intentions" (PDF). Leger. December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  3. ^ "Twitter | Federal vote intention:". Twitter. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  4. ^ "Latest @niknanos weekly tracking on the federal situation". twitter. December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  5. ^ "Mainstreet Research Survey - Canada" (PDF). ipolitcs.ca. December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ "Federal Polling:". twitter. December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  7. ^ a b "Nanos: Emergencies Act inquiry was "political hot potato" for Trudeau, Poilievre". Youtube. November 30, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
  8. ^ "Conservatives With A Narrow Lead over Liberals". Ekos. November 30, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
  9. ^ "Emergencies Act Public Opinion Research" (PDF). innovativeresearch.ca. November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  10. ^ "Politics: The Midterm Elections, Immigration, the Carbon Tax and More" (PDF). Leger. November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
  11. ^ "Latest @niknanos weekly tracking on the federal situation". twitter. December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  12. ^ "Mainstreet Research Survey - Canada" (PDF). ipolitics.ca. November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  13. ^ a b "Conservatives Have Four-Point Lead Over Liberals in Canada". Research Co. October 31, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Abacus Data | Conservatives lead Liberals by 3. Liberals trail on cost of living and the economy". abacusdata.ca. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  15. ^ "Federal Polling (Nanos Research)". October 25, 2022. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
  16. ^ "Federal Polling (Nanos Research)". October 18, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  17. ^ "Municipal Politics and Federal Voting Intentions in Canada" (PDF). Leger. October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  18. ^ Polling Canada (October 11, 2022). "Federal Polling (Nanos Research)". Twitter. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  19. ^ Polling Canada (October 4, 2022). "Federal Polling (Nanos Research)". Twitter. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  20. ^ "Mainstreet Research Survey - Canada" (PDF). ipolitcs.ca. September 23, 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  21. ^ "Federal Politics: Conservatives open seven-point lead over Liberals as past PPC voters migrate to Poilievre" (PDF). Angus Reid. September 27, 2022. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
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