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Antonov An-26

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An-26
An-26 of the Serbian Air Force
Role Transport aircraft
National origin Soviet Union
Design group Antonov
First flight 21 May 1969[1]
Introduction 1970
Status Operational
Primary users Soviet Air Force
Pakistan Air Force
Vietnamese Air Force
Produced 1969–1986
Number built 1,403
Developed from Antonov An-24
Variants Antonov An-32

The Antonov An-26 (NATO reporting name: Curl) is a twin-engined turboprop civilian and military transport aircraft, designed and produced in the Soviet Union from 1969 to 1986.[1]

Development

After successful operations of the An-24T tactical transport in austere locations, interest in a version with a retractable cargo ramp increased. Initial studies for the retractable ramp were carried out as part of the projected An-40 medium transport. When given the go-ahead for the An-26 in March 1968, the Antonov OKB adapted the ramp design of the An-40 to the An-24 fuselage, resulting in the An-26. Particular attention was given to the military mission, and the majority of early An-26 production was delivered to the VTA (voyenno-transportnaya aviatsiya).[1]

Using the majority of the An-24 airframe, with its high-set cantilevered wings, twin turboprops and stalky main undercarriage, the An-26 included military equipment, such as tip-up paratroop canvas seats, an overhead traveling hoist, bulged observation windows and parachute static line attachment cables. The An-26 made its public debut at the 27th Paris Air Show at Le Bourget where the second prototype, CCCP-26184 (c/n00202), was shown in the static aircraft park.

The An-26 is also manufactured without a license agreement[1] in China by the Xian Aircraft factory as the Y-14, later changed to be included in the Xian Y7 series.[1]

Total production

Total Production[2] 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969
1159 1 53 33 54 77 86 125 149 130 103 99 77 62 35 36 21 14 4

Operational history

The An-26 has a secondary bomber role with underwing bomb racks. The racks are attached to the fuselage in front of and behind the rear landing gear. In the bombing role it was extensively used by the Vietnam People's Air Force during the Cambodian–Vietnamese War and Sudanese Air Force during the Second Sudanese Civil War and the War in Darfur.[3] Also Russian Forces train with the An-26 as a bomber.[4]

Variants

An-26 cargo cabin
CAAC Antonov An-26 at China Aviation Museum, Beijing
An-26
"Curl-A" : Twin-engine tactical transport aircraft.[1]
An-26-100
Convertible passenger/cargo aircraft modified from 'An-26' aircraft at the Kiev plant from 1999.[1]
An-26 Nel'mo
An arctic surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft retrofitted with Nel'mo equipment.[1]
An-26 Pogoda
(Weather) Another aircraft for weather control duties, similar to the 'An-26 Tsiklon ', with a simplified equipment test lab.[1]
An-26 Polyot
(Flight) A single aircraft retrofitted for the purpose of research of unified air traffic control and monitoring system throughout the USSR, with a comprehensive navigation test lab including precision compasses and Doppler speed/shift sensors.[1]
An-26 Sfera
(Sphere) A single production aircraft built as a laboratory for atmospheric research.[1]
An-26 Shtabnoy
(Shtab: or Headquarters) some 'An-26's delivered to the Soviet and DDR air forces for use as staff transports/mobile command posts.[1]
An-26 Vita
Template:Iw2
(Life) A single mobile operating room, surgery and intensive care unit ('25 Blue', c/n5406), for the Ukrainian Air Force.[1]
An-26A
A one-off assault transport prototype with higher performance due to removal of some military equipment.[1]
An-26ASLK
(Avtomatizirovannaya sistema lyotnogo kontrolya – automated flight control and monitoring system) : A modern flight control and monitoring system equipped with automatic calibration and navigation systems. Recognizable by the distinctive pod low on the forward fuselage side.[1]
An-26B
A civil cargo version equipped with roller gangsways which can be swung up against the cabin walls when not in use. It was also equipped with two ZMDB Progress (Ivchyenko) Al-24VT turboprop powerplants to deliver higher thrust.[1]
An-26B
'Mobile Hospital' : The prototype 'An-26B' retrofitted as a mobile civilian emergency hospital.[1]
An-26B Tsiklon
(Cyclone) A weather research/control and cloud-seeding aircraft for the Central Aerologic Laboratory. This aircraft was used for rain induction and protection using cloud-seeding chemicals dropped from slab-sided pods hung from pylons.[1]
An-26B-100
Convertible passenger/cargo aircraft modified from 'An-26B' aircraft at the Kiev plant from 1999.[1]
An-26BL
Alternative designation for the 'An-26L'.[1]
An-26BRL
Alternative designation of the 'An-26RL' Arctic surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft.[1]
An-26D
(Dal'niy – long-range) An extended range version with extra fuel in wing tanks and additional external tanks attached to the airframe of the fuselage. One aircraft ('21 Yellow', c/n 13806) was retrofitted and delivered, but no further orders were forthcoming.[1]
An-26K Kaira
(Great Auk) A single An-26 aircraft converted to a Kaira test airframe for the development of airborne LASER guided systems.[1]
An-26K Kaplya
(Drop [of liquid]) After completion of the LASER designator trials the 'An-26K Kaira' was retrofitted to search or optically guided weapons as the navigation systems. During a night test flight at low level, in March 1989, the An-26K Kaplya suffered a massive bird strike, which consequently destroyed the windshield and injured the pilot, who involuntarily downed the aircraft into the Azov Sea.[1]
An-26KPA
(Kontrol'no-Poverochnaya Apparatura – Testing and calibration equipment) : A navigation aids inspecting aircraft with comprehensive navigation equipment and calibration equipment.[1]
An-26L
A single 'An-26', (14 Orange, c/n 00607), used at Sperenberg Airfield near Berlin, for airfield and NAVAID calibration.[1]
An-26LL-PLO
(Letayuschaya Laboratoriya – Protivolodochnoy Oborony – ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare) testbed) : A single 'An-26A' aircraft, (c/n 0901), retrofitted and modified to accommodate range of sophisticated laboratory for surveillance systems, detecting and tracking stealthy nuclear submarines.[1]
An-26LP
Firefighting version, for delivery of field equipment and para-dropping firefighters in lieu of water-bombing (any more info?).[1]
An-26M Spasatel
(Rescue worker) Flying hospital with an emergency surgery facility and consultation conference room.[1]
An-26P
(Protivopozharnyy – firefighting) : Aircraft fire engine fighter, retrofitted with water lifting vessels in pods on either side of the lower fuselage.[1]
An-26P Prozhektor
(Projector or Searchlight) A single conversion of an An-26 as a guided missile system airframe.[1]
An-26REP
(RadioElektronnoye Protivodeystviye – ECM (Electronic Counter-Measures) [aircraft]) : Electronic countermeasures aircraft fitted with active jammers in cylindrical pods on either side of the lower fuselage sides, as well as chaff and I/R flares for self-defense.[1]
An-26RL
(Razvedchik Ledovyy – An arctic surveillance, reconnaissance and monitoring) : An arctic surveillance, reconnaissance and monitoring aircraft used to monitor the icebergs and ice formations at arctic circle fitted with SLAR (Sideways Looking Airborne Radar) in long pods on either side of the lower fuselage, extra fuel in a cargo hold fuel tank, provision for surveyors and radar operators.[1]
An-26RR
Alternative unit designation of the 'An-26RT' ELINT(ELectronic INTelligence) aircraft.[1]
An-26RT
"Curl-B": (First use of the designation) A basic designation for a series of ELINT aircraft fitted with a wide range of electromagnetic surveillance equipment. At least one aircraft, (tactical code '152'), retrofitted with the Tarahn (Ramming Attack) ELINT suite for use in Afghanistan.[1]
An-26RT
(ReTranslyator – Interpreter -Translator): (Substitute of designation) Battlefield communications relay aircraft, fitted with powerful Inzheer (Fig) radio relay system, for connecting forward units to headquarters units.[1]
An-26RTR
Alternative unit designation of the 'An-26RT' ELINT aircraft.[1]
An-26S
(Salon – [VIP] Lounge) : A new VIP Lounge aircraft for the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense delivered about 1997.[1]
An-26Sh
(Shturmanskiy – Navigator) : Navigator trainer for the VVS, 36 built at Kiev.[1]
An-50
A proposed jet-powered variant of the An-26.

Non-USSR /-Ukrainian versions

DDR An-26SM "369", later German Air Force "52+09", at the Museum Berlin-Gatow.
An-26SM
One aircraft modified for NAVAID calibration and flight monitoring for the East German Air Force and transferred to the post-unification German Air Force.[1]
An-26M
One aircraft modified as an ELINT aircraft for the East German Air Force and transferred to the post-unification German Air Force.[1]
An-26ST
East German special duties aircraft.[1]
An-26T
Unofficial East German designation for 'An-26's' operated by Transportfliegerstaffel 24 (transport squadron 24).[1]
An-26Z-1
Czechoslovakian ELINT conversion of one aircraft for ELINT duties.[1]
Xian Y-7H
Military transport version. Chinese production version.[1]
Xian Y-14
Initial designation of the 'AN-26' copy, later changed to 'Y-7H' (Hao – cargo).[1]

Operators

Military operators

Map with military An-26 operators in blue, and former military An-26 operators in red
Russian An-26 intercepted by a British Typhoon over the Baltics in July 2015
Ukrainian An-26
Slovak Air Force An-26 at Farnborough Airshow, 2008
Russian Air Force Antonov An-26
 Angola
 Belarus
 Cape Verde
 Chad
 China
 Cuba
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Ethiopia
 Ivory Coast
 Kazakhstan
  • Kazakh Air Force – five An-24 or An-26 in service December 2015.;[11] Received one refurbished An-26 from Ukraine on 3 November 2017.[12]
 Kyrgyzstan
 Laos
 Libya
 Madagascar
 Moldova
 Mozambique
 Namibia
 Nicaragua
 Puntland
 Russia
 Serbia
 Sudan
 Syria
 Ukraine
 Uzbekistan
 Vietnam
 Yemen

Former military operators

 Afghanistan
  • Afghan Air Force – All remaining aircraft retired June 2011. One of their An-26 which defected to Pakistan, is preserved at PAF Museum, Karachi
 Bangladesh
 Benin
 Bulgaria
 Cambodia
An-26 of the Czech Air Force
 Republic of the Congo
 Czechoslovakia
 East Germany
 Germany
 Guinea-Bissau
 Hungary
Hungarian Air Force Antonov An-26 departs RIAT at RAF Fairford, England
 Iraq
 Mongolia
An-26 of the Lithuanian Air Force (now retired)
 Lithuania
 Mali
 Niger
 North Yemen
  • North Yemen Air Force
 Pakistan
 Peru
An-26 of the Polish Air Force (Operated before 2009, now retired)
 Poland
 Romania
 Slovakia
 Somalia
 Soviet Union
 Tanzania
 Turkmenistan
 United States
 Yugoslavia
 Zambia

Civil operators

UTair Cargo An-26 at Pulkovo Airport
Polar Airlines An-26-100 at Yakutsk Airport
RAF-Avia An-26B at Birmingham Airport
 Belarus
 Bulgaria
  • Air Bright (one)
 Colombia
 Cuba
 Denmark
 Hungary
 Latvia
 Moldova
 Peru
 Philippines
 Poland
 Russia
 Tajikistan
 Ukraine
 Venezuela
AN-26 operators within Aeroflot and post break-up Commonwealth of Independent States (data from[1])
UGA – (Upravleniye Grazhdanskoy Aviatsii – Civil Aviation Directorate) OAO – (Otdel'nyy Aviaotryad – independent flight detachment) LO – (Lyvotnyy Otryad – flight squad) / Aviaeskadril'ya – squadrons) Home Base CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) Airline)
Azerbaijan Baku 360th / 1st & 3rd squadrons Baku-Bina AZAL (no An-26s)
Belarusian Gomel' 105th / 2nd squadron Gomel' Gomel'avia
1st Minsk 353rd / 2nd Squadron Minsk-Loshitsa (Minsk-1) Belavia;Minsk-Avia
Central Regions Bykovo 61st / 4th Squadron Moscow-Bykovo Bykovo Avia
Kursk Kursk Kurskavia
Tula 294th Tula Tula Air Enterprise
East Siberian Chita 136th / 1st Squadron Chita Chita Avia
Irkutsk 134th Irkutsk-1 Baikal Airlines
Far Eastern 1st Khabarovsk 289th Khabarovsk Dalavia Far East Airlines Khabarovsk
Kamchatka CAPA / Petropavlovsk Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Enterprise
Sakhalin CAPA / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk UAD 147th Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk / Khomutvo Sakhalinskiye Aviatrassy
Komi Pechora Pechora Komiavia;Komiinteravia
Krasnoyarsk Igarka 251st Igarka
2nd Krasnoyarsk 126th Krasnoyarsk-Severnyy Kras Air
Khatanga 221st / 2nd Squadron Khatanga
Leningrad 2nd Leningrad 70th / 2nd Squadron Leningrad-Rzhevka Rzhevka Air Enterprise
Pskov 320th / 2nd Squadron Pskov Pskov Avia
Lithuanian Vilnius 277th Vilnius Lithuanian Airlines
Magadan Anadyr' 150th / 2nd Squadron Anadyr'-Ugol'nyy Chukotavia
1st Magadan 185th Magadan-Sokol Kolyma-Avia
Seymchan Seymchan NW Aerial Forestry Protection Base
Moldavian Kishinyov 407th Kishinyov Air Moldova
North Caucasian Krasnodar 241st Krasnodar ALK Kuban Airlines
1st Krasnodar 406th Krasnodar
Tajik Leninabad 292nd / 2nd Squadron Leninabad
Training Establishments Directorate KVLUGA (Kirovograd Civil Aviation Higher Flying School) Kirovograd Ukraine State Flight Academy
Turkmen Krasnovodsk 360th Krasnovodsk Turkmenistan Airlines/Khazar
Tyumen' Salekhard 234th / 5th Squadron Salekhard
2ndTyumen' 357th Tyumen'-Roschchino Tyumen'AviaTrans (UTair)
Ukrainian Dnipropetrovsk 327th Dnipropetrovsk-Volos'kie Dniproavia
Kirovograd Kirovograd-Khmelyovoye Air URGA
Simferopol 84th Simferopol Aviakompaniya Krym / Crimea AL
Urals Izhevsk Izhevsk Izhavia
Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Air Enterprise
1st Perm' Perm'-Bolshoye Savino Perm Airlines
1st Sverdlovsk Sverdlovsk-Kol'tsovo Ural Airlines [Yekaterinburg]
Volga Penza 396th Penza Penza Air Enterprise
Saransk Saransk Saransk Air Enterprise
West Siberian Barnaul 341st Barnaul Barnaul Air Enterprise
Kemerovo 196th Kemerovo
Novokuznetsk 184th Novokuznetsk Aerokuznetsk
Omsk 365th Omsk Omsk-Avia
Tolmachevo 448th Novosibirsk-Tolmachevo Sibir'
Tomsk 119th Tomsk Tomsk Avia
Yakutian Kolyma-Indigirka Cherskiy?
Mirnyy 190th Mirnyy Almazy Rossii – Sakha (Alrosa)
Yakutsk 139th / 3rd Squadron Yakutsk
GosNII GVF (Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Grazdahnskovo Vozdushnovo Flota – state scientific test institute for civil air fleet) Moscow - Sheremet'yevo-1

Accidents and incidents

Sudan Air Force Antonov An-26-100 crash-landed in 1997 at the airstrip of Gogrial. The plane was hit by SPLA-fire and had to make an emergency landing.
  • 1982 Ethiopia. On 14 January 1982, an Ethiopian Air Force An-26 crashed near Addis Ababa, killing 73 Ethiopian, Libyan and Cuban troops.
  • 1985 Afghanistan. On 4 September 1985, a Bakhtar Afghan Airlines An-26 was shot down by a SAM near Kandahar, killing all 52 people on board.
  • 1986 Mozambique. On 30 March 1986, a Mozambique Air Force An-26 crashed while trying to land at Pemba Airport. All three crew and 41 of the 46 passengers were killed.
  • 1987 Viet Nam. On 16 September 1987, a Viet Nam Air Force flight from Ha Noi to Ho-Chi-Minh City crashed at Bảo Lộc (Lâm Đồng) while on the approach to Ho-Chi-Minh City, killing all crew and passengers on board (31), mostly military personnel and their family members.[45]
  • 1988 Angola. On 27 April 1988, a Cuban Air Force An-26 was accidentally shot down by Cuban troops stationed at Techamutete, killing all 29 people on board.
  • 1988 Pakistan. On 10 December 1988, an Ariana Afghan Airlines An-26 was shot down by the Pakistan Air Force, killing all 25 people on board.
  • 1992 Germany. On 27 February, a German Air Force An-26 "52+10" crashed after a hard landing. None of the crew members was injured.
  • 1992 Libya. Yasir Arafat's An-26 crashed on 8 April 1992 during a sandstorm. Of the 13 on board, both pilots and an engineer were killed.
  • 1994 Bosnia. On 31 July an Air Ukraine An-26B was downed in the northwest of the country, killing all 7 people on board.[46]
  • 1995 Angola. On 16 January an Angolan Air Force An-26 was downed by rebel forces in the north of the country, killing all six occupants.[47]
  • 1995 December India. On 17 December, terrorist Kim Davy alias Niels Holck from Denmark dropped several tonnes of lethal weapons, ammunition, explosives and triggers by An-26 in Purulia district of West Bengal State of India. The plane was forced to land in Bombay, where his accomplices were arrested.[48]
  • 1997 Gogrial: Sudan Air Force Antonov An-26-100 crash-landed in 1997 at the airstrip of Gogrial Airport
  • 1999 Nicaragua: On 21 January 1999, a Nicaraguan Air Force An-26 crashed after getting too low on approach and striking a tree near Bluefields Airport, killing all 28 people on board.
  • 2003 Democratic Republic of the Congo. On 29 November 2003, a DRC Air Force An-26 crashed during takeoff due to a burst tyre, killing 20 of the 24 people on board and 13 people on the ground.
  • 2005 Democratic Republic of the Congo. On 5 September, an An-26B operating on a non-scheduled passenger flight for Kavatshi Airlines struck a tree and crashed on approach to Isiro Airport in Matari, killing all 11 people on board.[49]
  • 2005 Republic of the Congo. On 9 September, an An-26B operating on a non-scheduled passenger flight for Air Kasai crashed 50 km (31 miles) north of Brazzaville, killing all 13 people on board.[50]
  • The 2007 Balad aircraft crash was a 9 January 2007 airplane incident involving an Antonov An-26 airliner, which crashed while attempting to land at the U.S. military base in Balad, Iraq.[3] The crash killed 34 passengers on board and left one critically injured.
  • 2007 Democratic Republic of the Congo. On 4 October 2007 an Africa One-operated An-26 crashed into the Kinshasa neighbourhood of Kimbaseke just after takeoff. 21 out of 22 people on board and 28 people on the ground died. Initial reports indicate a lost propeller.
  • 2008 Vietnam. On 8 April 2008 an An-26 crashed during a training mission near Hanoi, killing five Vietnamese military pilots.
  • 2010 Exin's An-26B registered SP-FDO made an emergency landing on the Lake Ülemiste on 18 March 2010, close to Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport. None of the 6 crew members was injured. Initial reports indicated failure of one of the turboprop power plants.[51]
  • 2010 Exin's ANn26B registered SP-FDP rejected takeoff from Tallinn's runway 08 at high speed when the gear collapsed or retracted during the takeoff roll on 25 August 2010. The airplane skidded to a stop on its belly, no injuries occurred.[52]
  • 2011 Gabon. On 6 June 2011, a Solenta Aviation An-26 freighter flying for DHL Aviation crashed in the sea near Libreville, Gabon. Four people on board were rescued and transported to a local hospital, but were not seriously injured.[53]
  • 2012 Sudan. On 19 August 2012, an An-26-100 flying for Alfa Airlines crashed on its second approach to the Talodi airfield in South Kordofan, Sudan. All 26 passengers on board and six crew members died.[54]
  • 2014 Tunisia. On 21 February 2014, a Libyan military An-26, used for medical transportation, crashed in a farm near Grombalia, 60 km short of Tunis-Carthage Airport, after one of its engines caught fire. The accident resulted in the death of all its 11 passengers: six crew members, two doctors and three patients.[55]
  • 2014 Ukraine. On 14 July 2014, a Ukrainian military An-26 transport aircraft flying at 21,000 feet (6,400 m) was shot down.[56] (confirmed to be shot using Buk missile system).[57] U.S. officials would later say evidence suggested the aircraft had been fired on from inside Russian territory[58]
  • 2015 Syria. On 18 January 2015, an An-26 operated by the Syrian Air Force crashed while attempting to land at the besieged Abu al-Duhur military airport in Idlib Governorate, Syria.
  • 2016 Bangladesh. On 9 March 2016, a True Aviation An-26 freighter crashed into the waters of the Bay of Bengal near Cox's Bazar while attempting to return to Cox's Bazar Airport following an engine failure.[59]
  • 2016 Sudan. On 30 April 2016, an An-26 of the Sudan Air Force crashed during a landing attempt at Al-Ubayyid. All five crew members died.[citation needed]
  • 2017 South Sudan. On 20 March 2017, a South Supreme Airlines An-26 was destroyed by fire after crashing at Wau Airport, South Sudan.
  • 2017 Cuba. On 29 April 2017, an Aerogaviota An-26 crashed.[60]
  • 2017 Russia, Saratov. On 30 May, a Russian An-26 defense military aircraft crashed.[citation needed]
  • 2017 South Sudan. On 28 August 2017, An-26B EK-26006 of Coco Aviation overran the runway at Maban Airstrip and was destroyed by the consequent fire. The crew survived.[61]
  • 2017 Ivory Coast. On 14 October 2017, Valan Air An-26, with registration ER-AVB chartered by the French Military crashed shortly before landing at Abidjan, the Ivory Coast capital. Four people were killed and six were injured.[62]
  • 2018 Syria. On 6 March 2018 a Russian An-26 military transport plane crashed at Khmeimim Air Base. All 33 passengers and six crew died in the incident.[63]
  • 2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo. On 20 December 2018, a Gomair An-26 registration 9S-AGB crashed 19 nautical miles short of Kinshasa with 7 or 8 people on board. The aircraft was found more than 24 hours later by a local. The aircraft was carrying election materials on behalf of the Central Electoral National Independent Commission (CENI).[64]
  • 2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo. On 24 December 2018, an An-26 belonging to the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo crashed as it overshot the runway at Beni Airport in North Kivu province. The aircraft was reportedly transporting troops, and the crash resulted in 38 people being taken to hospital.[65]

Aircraft on display

An-26 "52+09" at Berlin-Gatow

Specifications

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89[66]

General characteristics

  • Crew: five ( two pilots, one radio operator, one flight engineer, one navigator)
  • Capacity: 40 passengers / 5,500 kg (12,100 lb)
  • Length: 23.8 m (78 ft 1 in)
  • Wingspan: 29.3 m (96 ft 2 in)
  • Height: 8.58 m (28 ft 2 in)
  • Empty weight: 15,020 kg (33,113 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 24,000 kg (52,911 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Progress AI-24VT Turboprop engines, 2,103 kW (2,820 hp) each
  • Powerplant: 1 × Tumansky Ru-19-A300 Turbojet booster / APU, 7.85 kN (1,760 lbf) thrust
  • Propellers: 4-bladed Constant speed metal bladed propellers

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 440 km/h (270 mph, 240 kn)
  • Range: 2,500 km (1,600 mi, 1,300 nmi) with maximum fuel
  • Range with max payload: 1,100 km (680 mi)
  • Service ceiling: 7,500 m (24,600 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 8 m/s (1,600 ft/min)

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

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