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Corruption in the Philippines

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Political corruption
Forms and concepts
Anti-corruption
Corruption by country
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Asia
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Oceania

Philippines suffers from widespread corruption.[1] Means of corruption include graft, bribery, embezzlement, backdoor deals, nepotism, and patronage.[2]

Corruption levels

According to a World Bank study in 2006, corruption in the Philippines is considered to be the worst among East Asia’s leading economies and the country has sunk even lower among those seen to be lagging in governance reforms.[3] The 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index published by global watchdog Transparency International, showed that the situation in the country had improved slightly but still remained serious.[4]

In 2014 the Philippines ranked 85th among 175 countries included in the index,[5] up from its previous 141st ranking in 2008. The nation scored 2.4 in the TI index, compared to 2.3 in 2008, which ranked it equal to Pakistan, Bangladesh and Belarus.[6]

Corruption exists in all levels of the government, especially among high-level civil servants, according to the US Department of State Investment Climate Statement 2013.[7] Companies generally have little confidence in the Philippine judicial system, and this is due to the allegedly incompetent court personnel, corruption and long delays of court cases.[8]

Decline

As of 2012, the Philippines came in at 105 with a 3.4 CPI in Transparency International's list that ranks 176 (tied with Algeria, Armenia, Bolivia, Gambia, Kosovo, Mali, and Mexico), countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be.

This is better than the Philippines' 129th out of 178,ranking in 2011 with a 2.6 CPI, in Transparency International's list. The CPI score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 - 10, where 0 means that a country is perceived as highly corrupt and 10 means that a country is perceived as very clean.

Transparency International-Philippines said some of the factors that contributed to the Philippines' (2.6) slight jump are the improvement in government service, and cutting red tape.[9]

The Philippines' corruption further declined in 2014 upgrading its ranking on Transparency.org CPI from 94th to 85th in 2013 and 2014, respectively.

Statistical evaluations

For the list of rankings per country per year, please see http://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview

Political nepotism

Further information: Political dynasties in the Philippines and List of political families in the Philippines

The Philippine political arena is mainly arranged and operated by families or alliances of families, rather than organised around the voting for political parties.[10]

Called the Padrino System, one gains favor, promotion, or political appointment through family affiliation (nepotism) or friendship (cronyism), as opposed to one's merit. The Padrino System in the Philippines has been the source of many controversies and corruption.

It has been an open secret that one cannot join the political arena of the Philippines without mastery of the Padrino System. From the lowest Barangay official, to the President of the Republic, it is expected that one gains political debts and dispenses political favor to advance one's career or influence, if not wealth.

See also

General:

References

  1. ^ Jurado, Emil (March 12, 2010). "The fourth most corrupt nation". Manila Standard Today. Retrieved August 21, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ Conde, Carlos (March 13, 2007). "Philippines most corrupt, survey says". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ Dumlao, Doris (June 25, 2008). "WB: Corruption in RP worst in East Asia". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 21, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ Dizon, David (November 18, 2009). "RP corruption ranking improves slightly: TI". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 21, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ "CORRUPTION BY COUNTRY / TERRITORY". Transparency International. Transparency International. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  6. ^ Dizon, David (November 18, 2009). "RP corruption ranking improves slightly: TI". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 21, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ Investment Climate Statement 2013 from the US Department of State
  8. ^ "Philippines Corruption Profile". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  9. ^ http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/06/27/12/ph-corruption-going-going-not-yet-gone
  10. ^ Coronel, Chua, Rimban, & Cruz The Rulemakers Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (2007); p.49

Additional reading

A world map of the 2014 Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International
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