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East Kameng district

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East Kameng district /ˈkæmɛŋ/ is one of the 23 districts of Arunachal Pradesh state in northeastern, India. It shares an international border with Tibet in the north and a state border with Assam and district borders with West Kameng, Papumpare and Kurung Kumey, which was bifurcated from Lower Subansiri district on 1 April 2000.

History

The area around the Kameng river has at various times come under the control and influence of the Mon kingdoms, Tibet and the Ahom kingdom. Aka and Nishi chiefs would exert control over the area whenever no major political powers dominated the area.

The Kameng Frontier Division was renamed as the Kameng District. The Political Officer was also redesignated as the Deputy Commissioner of Kameng. However, for political reasons, the Kameng district was bifurcated between East Kameng and West Kameng on 1 June 1980.[1]

Geography

East Kameng district occupies an area of 4,134 square kilometres (1,596 sq mi),[2] comparatively equivalent to Alaska's Unimak Island.[3] Like West Kameng, the East Kameng climate ranges from arid in the tundra of the north through a cool temperate climate to a humid subtropical climate in the southern sub-himalayan hills bordering Assam.

Transport

The 2,000-kilometre-long (1,200 mi) proposed Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway along the McMahon Line,[4][5][6][7] (will intersect with the proposed East-West Industrial Corridor Highway) and will pass through this district, alignment map of which can be seen here and here.[8]

Economy

Most tribes practise a form of slash and burn agriculture known as Jhum. After clearing the land, crops like barley and rice are planted, and fruit trees are planted to make orchards. Fishing activities first started between 1965–66 and gained momentum in November 1980, when the Fishery Department first started functioning independently. As of today, the Fishery development activities are headed by a District Fishery Development Officer, who was originally the Superintendent of Fisheries. However, this department was understaffed. Funds were also given for rural agriculture and paddy-cum-fish culture activities.

With the advancement of modern technology, horticulture based on apples and oranges is becoming increasingly popular. Today, temperate and sub-tropical fruits are planted in orchards with chemical fertilizers.

Divisions

The district is divided into 2 sub-divisions: Seppa and Chayangtajo, which are further divided into 13 administrative circles, namely, Chayangtajo, Sawa, Khenewa, Bameng, Lada, Gyawe Purang, Pipu, Seppa, Richukhrong, Pijirang, Pakke-Kessang, Seijosa and Dissing Passo.

There are 5 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly constituencies located in this district: Bameng, Chayangtajo, Seppa East, Seppa West and Pakke-Kasang. All of these are part of Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency.[9]

Demographics

Population

According to the 2011 census East Kameng district has a population of 78,413,[10] roughly equal to the nation of Dominica.[11] This gives it a ranking of 624th in India (out of a total of 640).[10] The district has a population density of 19 inhabitants per square kilometre (49/sq mi) .[10] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 37.14%.[10] East Kameng has a sex ratio of 1,012 females for every 1,000 males,[10] and a literacy rate of 62.48%.[10]

East Kameng is inhabited by various tribes of similar origin but with distinct cultures and beliefs, practising the Donyi-Polo religion. The most populous of these, the Nishi, are scattered throughout the entire district. Other tribes, especially the Miji, Sulung and the Aka, are found in regions near the Kameng river.

Since independence, much of the population has relocated to the district capital, Seppa. With the coming of modernism, festivals such as the Sarok of the Aka, Nyokum of the Nishi, Jonglam-Ponklam and Chindang of the Miji and the Gumkum-Gumpa are celebrated in full flair in Seppa.

Language

Koro

Main article: Koro language (India)

The Koro is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by approximately 800–1200 people in the East Kameng district who live among the Aka (Hruso), but their language is distantly related, with distinct words for basic vocabulary.[12][13] Although it has resemblances to Tani further to the east, it appears to be a separate branch of Tibeto-Burman.[14] Koro is unlike any language in the various branches of the Tibeto-Burman family.[15] Researchers hypothesize it may have originated from a group of people enslaved and brought to the area.[16]

Koro was recognised as a separate language in 2010 by a linguistic team of David Harrison, Gregory Anderson, and Ganesh Murmu while documenting two Hruso languages (Aka and Miji) as part of National Geographic's "Enduring Voices" project.[12] It was apparently noticed by earlier researchers.[17]

Tourism

East Kameng has some tourist attractions. One of these is the Pakhui Tiger Reserve, with a wide range of wildlife. Seppa, the capital, hosts beautiful tribal dance festivals that adds color to the natural landscape. The Himalayas can be viewed from the hill stations of Bameng, Chayangtajo and Pakke-Kessang.

Seijosa

Seijosa is a circle in East Kameng district. it has now an Additional Deputy Commissioner office.Mainly Nyishi people inhibit here.The Pakke wildlife Sanctuary is located here. The Seijosa town is situated along the river Pakke. Every Thursday people from Assam mainly from places like Itakola come to sell vegetables, clothes etc. The people from Assam and Seijosa share a cordial relationship. Due to lack of proper road communication and direct link road to Itanagar, often people have to suffer a lot due to frequent Assam Bandh calls and poor communication and network facilities. The way to Seijosa via road is very painful and troublesome due to non-maintenance of roads. Large numbers of potholes on the road often big as a pond often get filled with Rain Water during Summer and create huge difficulty to its people. Goloso, Bali-Basti, A/2 etc. are some of the villages. It is a great place for a picnic every year lot of tourists come to Seijosa to picnic. Seijosa was heavily flooded in 2004 destroying her beauty but is developing well with the help of 12th Pakke Kesang MLA. The Assam Government has built an irrigation dam locally known as ND Dam on the innerline checkgate of Seijosa. Around the foothills of Seijosa there are frequent sights of wild elephants and other wild animals from Pakke Tiger Reserve.Seijosa has a State Bank of India Branch established in 1986 which is serving to around 7000 population of Pakke Kessang Constitutancy and also peoples from surrounding villages of Assam from Itakhola to Seijosa.

Papu Valley

Papu Valley is one of the most spectacular places in East Kameng under the Pijerang circle. Papu Valley has got its name from the snake-like curvy streams of river Papu. A vast field of rice covers the whole area of Papu Valley. Some of the major villages in this valley are Lumdung, Veo, Sede, Seba, Nere etc.

Flora and fauna

In 1977 East Kameng district became home to the Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 862 km2 (332.8 sq mi).[18]

References

  1. ^ Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  2. ^ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Arunachal Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. p. 1113. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  3. ^ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 18 February 1998. Retrieved 11 October 2011. Unimak Island 4,119km2
  4. ^ "Top officials to meet to expedite road building along China border". Dipak Kumar Dash. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  5. ^ "Narendra Modi government to provide funds for restoration of damaged highways". dnaindia.com. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  6. ^ "Indian Government Plans Highway Along Disputed China Border". Ankit Panda. thediplomat.com. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  7. ^ "Govt planning road along McMohan line in Arunachal Pradesh: Kiren Rijiju". Live Mint. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  8. ^ "China warns India against paving road in Arunachal". Ajay Banerjee. tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  9. ^ "Assembly Constituencies allocation w.r.t District and Parliamentary Constituencies". Chief Electoral Officer, Arunachal Pradesh website. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b c d e f "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  11. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011. Dominica 72,969 July 2011 est.
  12. ^ a b Morrison, Dan "'Hidden' Language Found in Remote Indian Tribe". National Geographic Daily News, 5 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010
  13. ^ Schmid, Randolph E. "Researchers find previously undocumented language hidden in small villages in India". Sync Retrieved on 5 October 2010
  14. ^ "In Search for 'Last Speakers', a Great Discovery". National Public Radio. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  15. ^ Khan, Amina (6 October 2010). "Linguists uncover 'hidden' language in north India". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  16. ^ Weise, Elizabeth (6 October 2010). "Linguists discover new language in India". USA Today. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  17. ^ Ethnologue, "Hruso".[1] (Some sound files)
  18. ^ Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Arunachal Pradesh". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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