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Jerzy Neyman

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Jerzy Neyman
Born(1894-04-16)April 16, 1894
Bendery, Bessarabia, Imperial Russia
DiedAugust 5, 1981(1981-08-05) (aged 87)
Oakland, California
NationalityPolish, American
Alma materUniversity of Warsaw
Kharkov University
Known forconfidence interval, statistics of galaxy clusters
AwardsGuy Medal, Fellow of the Royal Society[1]
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
InstitutionsNencki Institute of Experimental Biology
University of California, Berkeley
Doctoral advisorWacław Sierpiński
Doctoral studentsWolfgang Bühler
Douglas Chapman
George Dantzig
Lucien Le Cam
Erich Leo Lehmann
Anastasios Tsiatis
Joseph Hodges

Jerzy Neyman ForMemRS[1] (April 16, 1894 – August 5, 1981), born Jerzy Spława-Neyman, was a Polish mathematician and statistician who spent most of his professional career at the University of California, Berkeley. Neyman was the first to introduce the modern concept of a confidence interval into statistical hypothesis testing.[2]

Life and career

He was born into a Polish family in Bendery, Bessarabia in Imperial Russia, the fourth of four children of Czesław Spława-Neyman and Kazimiera Lutosławska. His family was Roman Catholic and Neyman served as an altar boy during his early childhood. Later, Neyman would become an agnostic. Neyman's family descended from a long line of Polish nobles and military heroes. He graduated from the Kamianets-Podilskyi gubernial gymnasium for boys in 1909 under the name Yuri Cheslavovich Neyman.[3] He began studies at Kharkov University in 1912, where he was taught by Russian probabilist Sergei Natanovich Bernstein. After he read 'Lessons on the integration and the research of the primitive functions' by Henri Lebesgue, he was fascinated with measure and integration.

In 1921 he returned to Poland in a program of repatriation of POWs after the Polish-Soviet War. He earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree at University of Warsaw in 1924 for a dissertation titled "On the Applications of the Theory of Probability to Agricultural Experiments". He was examined by Wacław Sierpiński and Stefan Mazurkiewicz, among others. He spent a couple of years in London and Paris on a fellowship to study statistics with Karl Pearson and Émile Borel. After his return to Poland he established the Biometric Laboratory at the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology in Warsaw.

He published many books dealing with experiments and statistics, and devised the way which the FDA tests medicines today.

Neyman proposed and studied randomized experiments in 1923.[4] Furthermore, his paper "On the Two Different Aspects of the Representative Method: The Method of Stratified Sampling and the Method of Purposive Selection", given at the Royal Statistical Society on 19 June 1934,[5] was the groundbreaking event leading to modern scientific sampling. He introduced the confidence interval in his paper in 1937.[6] Another noted contribution is the Neyman-Pearson lemma, the basis of hypothesis testing.

In 1938 he moved to Berkeley, where he worked for the rest of his life. Thirty-nine students received their Ph.D's under his advisorship. In 1966 he was awarded the Guy Medal of the Royal Statistical Society and three years later the (American) Medal of Science. He died in Oakland, California.

References

  1. ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1098/rsbm.1982.0015, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1982.0015 instead.
  2. ^ Salsburg, David (2002). The Lady Tasting Tea: How Statistics Revolutionized Science in the Twentieth Century. Macmillan. p. 122. ISBN 9780805071344.
  3. ^ Выпускники Каменец-Подольской гимназии 1883-1920
  4. ^ Neyman, Jerzy. 1923 [1990]. “On the Application of Probability Theory to Agricultural Experiments. Essay on Principles. Section 9.” Statistical Science 5 (4): 465–472. Trans. Dorota M. Dabrowska and Terence P. Speed.
  5. ^ Neyman, J.(1934) "On the two different aspects of the representative method: The method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 97 (4), 557–625 JSTOR 2342192
  6. ^ Neyman, Jerzy (1937). "Outline of a Theory of Statistical Estimation Based on the Classical Theory of Probability". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 236 (767): 333–380. doi:10.1098/rsta.1937.0005. JSTOR 91337. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Further references

Statistics of Images of Galaxies with Particular Reference to Clustering

Jerzy Neyman, Elizabeth L. Scott, and C. D. Shane Source: Proc. Third Berkeley Symp. on Math. Statist. and Prob., Vol. 3 (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1956), 75-111.

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