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Jewish population by country

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For historical figures, see Historical Jewish population comparisons. For different regions, see Judaism by country and Jewish ethnic divisions.

Jewish population by country (2010)
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The world's core Jewish population was estimated at 14,511,000 in April 2018,[1] up from 14.41 million in 2016.[2][3][4] Demographer Sergio DellaPergola proposes an "extended" Jewish population, including people identifying as partly Jewish and non-Jews with Jewish parents, numbering 17.3 million globally, and an "enlarged" Jewish population figure that also includes non-Jewish members of Jewish households totaling 20.2 million. Additionally, the total number of people who hold or are eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return — defined as anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent, and who does not profess any other religion — is estimated at around 23 million, of which 6.6 million were living in Israel as of 2015. Figures for these expanded categories are less precise than for the core Jewish population.[4]

While dozens of countries host at least a small Jewish population, the community is concentrated in a handful: Israel and the United States account for 83% of the Jewish population, while a total of 98 countries host the other 17%.[4]

With just over 6.5 million Jews, Israel is the only Jewish majority and explicitly Jewish state. Jewish population figures for the United States are contested, ranging between 5.7 and 6.8 million.[5] (The core global total of Jews jumps above 15 million if the highest American estimates are assumed). Other countries with a significant Jewish population are, like Israel and the United States, typically well-developed Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development members with Jews concentrated in major urban centers.[4]

In 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 17 million. Due to the Holocaust, the number was reduced to 11 million in 1945.[6][7][8] The population grew to around 13 million by the 1970s, and then recorded near-zero growth until around 2005 due to low fertility rates and to assimilation.[7] Since 2005, the world's Jewish population grew modestly at an annual rate of around 0.78% (to 2013). This increase primarily reflected the rapid growth of Haredi and some Orthodox sectors, who are becoming a growing proportion of Jews.[9]

Recent trends

Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in the Israeli Jewish population and flat or declining numbers in other countries (the diaspora). The Jewish population of Israel increased from the country's inception in 1948 to 6,135,000 in 2014[10] while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period.[4] Current Israeli Jewish demographics are characterized by a relatively high fertility rate of 3 children per woman and a stable age distribution.[11] The overall growth rate of Jews in Israel is 1.7% annually.[12] The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining.[4]

Immigration trends also favor Israel ahead of diaspora countries. The Jewish state has a positive immigration balance (called aliyah in Hebrew). Israel saw its Jewish numbers significantly buoyed by a million-strong wave of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s[13] and immigration growth has been steady in the low tens of thousands since then.[14] In the rest of the world, only the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany have had a positive recent Jewish migration balance outside of Israel. In general, the English-speaking world has seen its share of the diaspora increase since the Holocaust and the foundation of Israel, while historic Jewish populations in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East have significantly declined or disappeared.[15]

France continues to be home to the world's third largest Jewish community, around 500,000,[16][17] but has shown an increasingly negative trend. Emigration loss to Israel amongst French Jews reached the tens of thousands between 2014 and 2017 following a wave of antisemitic attacks.[18][19]

Debate over United States numbers

The number of Jews in the United States has been the subject of much debate because of questions over counting methodology. In 2012, Sheskin and Dashefsky put forward a figure of 6.72 million based on a mixture of local surveys, informed local estimates, and US census data. They qualified their estimate with a concern over double counting and suggested the real figure may lie between 6 and 6.4 million.[20] Drawing on their work, the Steinhardt Social Research Institute released their own estimate of 6.8 million Jews in the United States in 2013.[21] These figures are in contrast to Israeli demographer Sergio DellaPergola's number of 5,425,000, also in 2012.[5] He has called high estimates “implausible” and “unreliable” although he revised the United States Jewish number upward to 5.7 million in subsequent years.[2][5] This controversy followed a similar debate in 2001 when the National Jewish Population Survey released a United States Jewish estimate as low as 5.2 million only to have serious methodological errors suggested in their survey.[5] In sum, a confidence interval of a million or more people is likely to persist in reporting on the number of Jewish Americans.

Countries and territories

Below is a list of Jewish populations in the world by country or territory. Unless otherwise indicated, core and enlarged population numbers are taken from DellaPergola's chapter "World Jewish Population" of the American Jewish Year Book of 2014.[3] Where other credible sources present competing numbers, they are presented with a range and citation. DellaPergola's population figures are primarily based on national censuses combined with trend analysis. He has described the "core Jewish population" in the diaspora as "all persons who, when asked in a socio-demographic survey, identify themselves as Jews; or who are identified as Jews by a respondent in the same household, and do not have another monotheistic religion."[3] DellaPergola defined the "enlarged Jewish population" by adding those "persons who state they are partly Jewish", "non-Jews who have Jewish parents", and "non-Jewish members of Jewish households" to the "core Jewish population."[3]

The American Jewish Year Book numbers are reproduced with explanatory notes by country in the online Jewish Virtual Library.[22] The library is a comprehensive non-governmental website covering topics about U.S.-Israel relations and the Jewish people. A number of tiny countries whose Jewish populations are not listed in DellaPergola are provided here from the Virtual Library. For European countries, further information is provided by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research, including an interactive map of core and enlarged Jewish population that generally corresponds to DellaPergola's figures.[23]

Country populations used to deduce the "Population per Jewish Person" column in the table are taken from the CIA World Factbook, with most estimates current as of July 2014.[24]

Table

Country or Territory Core Jewish Population Population per Jewish Person Enlarged Jewish Population
World 14,511,000[1] 505 20,000,000
Israel Israel[a] 6,589,000[1] 1.33 6,956,000
United States United States 5,700,000[25] 53 7,282,000
France France 465,000 139 600,000
Canada Canada 385,000 90 550,000
United Kingdom United Kingdom 269,568 220 370,000
Russia Russia 186,000 766 500,000
Argentina Argentina 181,300 - 230,000[26] 238 330,000
Germany Germany 99,695 832 250,000
Australia Australia 112,500 213 135,000
Brazil Brazil 95,000 [27] 2,133 150,000
South Africa South Africa 70,000 691 80,000 - 92,000[28]
Ukraine Ukraine 63,000 703 400,000
Hungary Hungary 47,900 207 150,000
Mexico Mexico 40,000 - 67,476[29] 3,007 50,000 - 67,476
Spain Spain 30,000 900 50,000[30][31][32]
Belgium Belgium 30,000 348 40,000
Netherlands Netherlands 29,900 563 45,000
Italy Italy 28,000 2,171 45,000[33][34] [35]
Poland Poland[b] 8,000[39][40] 4,750 12,000 - 100,000[38]
Switzerland Switzerland 19,000 424 25,000
Chile Chile 18,500 939 25,000
Turkey Turkey 17,200 4,801 21,000
Sweden Sweden 15,000 648 20,000
Uruguay Uruguay 12,000[41] - 17,200 278 25,000
Belarus Belarus 11,500 835 25,000
Panama Panama 10,000 361 11,000
Romania Romania 9,400 2,312 20,000
Austria Austria 9,000 914 20,000
Iran Iran 8,756[42] 9,186 12,000
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 9,100[43] 1,113 16,000
Venezuela Venezuela 8,000 3,608 12,000
New Zealand New Zealand 6,867[44] 655 10,000[45]
Denmark Denmark 6,400 870 8,500
Morocco Morocco 6,000[46] 13,745 6,500
Latvia Latvia 5,600 387 12,000
Hong Kong Hong Kong 5,000[47] 1,422 5,000
India India 5,000 247,269 7,000
Greece Greece 4,500 2,398 6,000
Colombia Colombia 4,500 10,277 5,200
Czech Republic Czech Republic 3,900 2,725 15,000
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan 3,800 7,613 8,000
Moldova Moldova 3,700 968 7,500
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 3,100 5,790 6,500
Lithuania Lithuania 2,900 1,209 6,500
Georgia (country) Georgia 2,800 1,763 6,000
Slovakia Slovakia 2,600 2,093 4,500
Singapore Singapore 2,500[48] 18,557 500
Costa Rica Costa Rica 2,500 1,902 3,000
China China 2,500 542,277 3,000
Bulgaria Bulgaria 2,000 3,462 6,000
Estonia Estonia 2,000 629 3,400
Peru Peru 1,900 15,867 3,000
Croatia Croatia 1,700 2,629 3,000
Republic of Ireland Ireland 2,000[49] 3,020 2,400
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 1,500 2,431 2,500
Uganda Uganda 1,500 [50] 23,089 2,500
Japan Japan 300[51] 422,240 no data
Serbia Serbia 1,400 5,149 2,800
Finland Finland 1,300 4,052 1,800
Norway Norway 770[52] 6,828 1,400[53]
Paraguay Paraguay 900 7,448 1,500
Guatemala Guatemala 900 16,274 1,500
Tunisia Tunisia 900 12,153 1,100
Ecuador Ecuador 290 26,090 300
Luxembourg Luxembourg 600 867 900
Portugal Portugal 600 18,022 1,000
Gibraltar Gibraltar 600 48 800
Cuba Cuba 500 22,094 1,500
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands 500 208 700
Bolivia Bolivia 500 21,262 900
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 500 7,742 1,000
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 500 11,208 1,000
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 400 34,430 600
Armenia Armenia 300 - 500[54] 10,200 300 - 500
The Bahamas Bahamas 300 1,070 400
Vietnam Vietnam 300[55] 311,403 300
Kenya Kenya 300 150,033 700
Pakistan Pakistan 200[56] - 1500[57] 980,870 1,500
Lebanon Lebanon 200[58][59] 29,415 200
Jamaica Jamaica 200 14,650 400
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles 200 1,525 400
Suriname Suriname 200 2,865 400
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 200 25,860 400
Thailand Thailand 200 338,705 300
French Polynesia French Polynesia 120[60] 1,533 120
North Macedonia Macedonia 260 20,910 360
South Korea South Korea 150 490,400 200
Philippines Philippines 100 1,076,680 200
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 260 103,497 200
El Salvador El Salvador 100 61,255 200
Cyprus Cyprus 100 11,724 200
Malta Malta 100 4,126 1000
Slovenia Slovenia 100 19,882 200
Taiwan Taiwan 100 233,600 200
Ethiopia Ethiopia 100 966,334 1,000
Botswana Botswana 100 21,558 200
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 100 774,337 200
Namibia Namibia 100 21,984 200
Nigeria Nigeria 100 1,771,558 200
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 100 91,570 500
Iceland Iceland 100 3,325 250
Yemen Yemen 40[61] - 50 289,467 300
Martinique Martinique 90[62] 4,289 90
Fiji Fiji 60[63] 15,050 60
New Caledonia New Caledonia 50[64] 5,340 50
Albania Albania 40 - 50[65] 75,500 40 - 50
Egypt Egypt 18[66] 5,259,277 40 - 50
Bahrain Bahrain 36[67] 36,500 36
LiechtensteinLiechtenstein 26[68] 1,467 30

Remnant and vanished populations

The above table represents Jews that number at least a few dozen per country. Reports exist of Jewish communities remaining in other territories in the low single digits that are on the verge of disappearing, particularly in the Muslim world, as their reaction to the birth of Israel in 1948 was the persecution of Jews in nearly all Muslim lands; these are often of historical interest as they represent the remnant of much larger Jewish populations. For example, Egypt had a Jewish community of 80,000 in the early 20th century that numbered fewer than 40 as of 2014, mainly because of the forced expulsion movements to Israel and other countries at that time.[69] Afghanistan may have only one Jew left, Zablon Simintov, despite a 2,000 year history of Jewish presence.[70] In Syria, another ancient Jewish community saw mass exodus at the end of the 20th century and numbered fewer than 20 in the midst of the Syrian Civil War.[71] The size of the Jewish community in Indonesia has been variously given as 65, 100, or 18 at most over the last 50 years.[72][73]

Core Jewish population

According to the Jewish Data Bank (Table 4),[74] the 10 countries as of 2013 with the largest core Jewish populations were:

Jewish population by city as a percentage of total population (list does not include cities in Israel)

Rank City Country Percent Number
1 Qırmızı Qəsəbə[75]  Azerbaijan 100 3,300
2 Kiryas Joel[76]  United States 99 22,000
3 Deal  United States 91 600[citation needed]
4 Beachwood[77]  United States 90.4 10,700
5 Hampstead[78]  Canada 74.2 5,170
6 Côte-Saint-Luc[79]  Canada 69.1 20,146
7 Lakewood[80]  United States 59 59,607
8 Teaneck[81]  United States 50 18,000
9 Livingston  United States 46 12,600[citation needed]
10 Caulfield North[82]  Australia 41.4 6,319
11 Caulfield South[83]  Australia 33.9 4,008
12 Rose Bay[84]  Australia 27.3 2,744
13 Sarcelles[85]  France 25 15,000
14 Mercer Island[86]  United States 25 5,000
15 St Kilda East[87]  Australia 24.8 3,246
16 Créteil[88]  France 24.4 22,000
17 Vaucluse[89]  Australia 23.2 2,163
18 Westmount[90]  Canada 23.2 4,495
19 Bellevue Hill[91]  Australia 21.4 2,300
20 Dollard-des-Ormeaux[92]  Canada 21.1 10,115
21 Vaughan[93]  Canada 18.2 33,090
22 Elsternwick[94]  Australia 17.8 1,846
23 Montreal West[95]  Canada 13.8 710
24 New York City[96]  United States 18 1,540,000
25 Bondi[97]  Australia 12.7 1,272
26 Mount Royal[98]  Canada 12.0 2,205
27 Miami[99][failed verification]  United States 9.86 535,000
28 Marseille[100]  France 9 70,000
29 Buenos Aires[101]  Argentina 8.22 244,000
30 Newton Mearns[102]  United Kingdom 5.98 1,431
31 Philadelphia[99][failed verification]  United States 4.89 276,000
32 Toronto[103]  Canada 4.21 103,500

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Numbers in this list are the total for Israel proper as well as Israeli settlers in the disputed Palestinian territories. Broken down by area, the Jewish population numbers are:[3]
    • Israel: 5,763,100 (core); 6,103,100 (enlarged)
    • Palestinian territories: 340,100 (core); 348,000 (enlarged)
  2. ^ Poland shows the widest range of any entry in this table. Once the epicenter of the diaspora with millions of Jews, the population was decimated by the Holocaust and further subdued by communism; estimating current numbers has been difficult. DellaPergola presents conservative estimates of just 3,200 (core) and 7,500 (enlarged) because census numbers have been low. There is reason to suspect the number is higher with multiple sources suggesting a population in the range of 20,000 to 25,000.[36][37] One report notes that estimates have ranged anywhere from 10,000 to 100,000.[38]Around 8,000 people in Poland openly describe themselves as religious Jews and are active members of Jewish organizations in Poland today. Therefore the number can be taken as a realistic minimum of the number of Jews in today's Poland.

References

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  51. ^ by Kanji Ishizumi [ja]
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External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewish_population_by_country&oldid=863653443"