Lijiang

This article is about the Yunnan city. For other uses, see Lijiang (disambiguation).

Lijiang 丽江市
Prefecture-level city
Location of Lijiang City jurisdiction in Yunnan
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Yunnan
Admin HQ	Gucheng
Area
• Prefecture-level city	21,219 km2 (8,193 sq mi)
• Urban	1,127 km2 (435 sq mi)
• Metro	1,127 km2 (435 sq mi)
Elevation	2,400 m (7,900 ft)
Population  (2010 census)
• Prefecture-level city	1,244,769
• Density	59/km2 (150/sq mi)
• Urban	155,540
• Urban density	140/km2 (360/sq mi)
• Metro	155,540
• Metro density	140/km2 (360/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	674100
Area code	0888
Licence plate prefixes	云P
Website	lijiang.gov.cn

Lijiang
"Lijiang" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese	丽江
Traditional Chinese	麗江
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Lìjiāng Wade–Giles Li4-chiang1 IPA [lîtɕjáŋ] Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Laih-gōng Jyutping Lai6-gong1 Southern Min Tâi-lô Lē-kang

Lijiang (Chinese: 丽江) is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Yunnan province, China. It has an area of 21,219 square kilometres (8,193 sq mi) and had a population of 1,244,769 at the 2010 census. Lijiang is famous for its UNESCO Heritage Site, the Old Town of Lijiang.

History

Lijiang City replaced the former administrative region of Lijiang Naxi Autonomous Prefecture. It was under the rule of the Mu family (木氏) local commanders (土司) during the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.

The Baisha Old Town was the political, commercial and cultural center for the local Naxi people and other ethnic groups for 400 years from the year 658 AD to 1107 AD. The Dabaoji Palace of the Baisha Fresco, very close to the Baisha Naxi Hand-made Embroidery Institute, was built in the year 658 AD in the Tang Dynasty (618 AD to 960 AD).

In ancient times, the Baisha Old Town used to be the center of silk embroidery in the southwest of China and the most important place of the Ancient Southern Silk Road, also called the Ancient Tea and Horse Road or Ancient tea route. The Ancient Southern Silk Road started from Burma, crossed Lijiang, Shangri-La County, Tibet, journeyed through Iran, the Fertile Crescent, and ultimately to the Mediterranean Sea.

Administrative divisions

The government of Lijiang City sits in Gucheng District.

Lijiang City comprises one district and four counties:

Map
Gucheng Yulong County Yongsheng County Huaping County Ninglang County
#	Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2003 est.)	Area (km²)	Density (/km²)
1	Gucheng District	古城区	Gǔchéng Qū	140,000	1,127	124
2	Yongsheng County	永胜县	Yǒngshèng Xiàn	380,000	5,099	75
3	Huaping County	华坪县	Huápíng Xiàn	150,000	2,266	66
4	Yulong Nakhi Autonomous County	玉龙纳西族自治县	Yùlóng Nàxīzú Zìzhìxiàn	210,000	6,521	32
5	Ninglang Yi Autonomous County	宁蒗彝族自治县	Nínglàng Yízú Zìzhìxiàn	240,000	6,206	39

Geography

Lijiang is located in the northwestern portion of Yunnan and borders Sichuan. It is in a region where the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau converge.

Owing to its low latitude and high elevation, the city centre of Lijiang experiences a mild subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb). Winters are mild and very dry and sunny (>70% possible sunshine), although average lows in December and January are just below the freezing mark; January, the coolest month, has a 24-hour average temperature of 6.0 °C (42.8 °F). Spring begins early and remains dry and sunny until late May, when there is a dramatic uptick in frequency and amount of rainfall that lasts until late September. Summers are warm, rainy (more so than it is sunny) and damp, with June, the warmest month, averaging 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). Autumn sees an abrupt reduction in rainfall and return to sunniness. The annual mean temperature is 12.70 °C (54.9 °F), while precipitation averages 968 mm (38.1 in), around 80% of which occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 32% in July to 80% in December, the city receives 2,463 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Climate data for Lijiang, Yunnan (1971−2000)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	13.5 (56.3)	14.7 (58.5)	17.1 (62.8)	20.0 (68.0)	23.2 (73.8)	24.0 (75.2)	23.1 (73.6)	22.7 (72.9)	21.3 (70.3)	20.0 (68.0)	16.9 (62.4)	14.4 (57.9)	19.2 (66.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−0.2 (31.6)	2.0 (35.6)	4.8 (40.6)	7.8 (46.0)	11.1 (52.0)	14.3 (57.7)	14.5 (58.1)	13.6 (56.5)	12.2 (54.0)	8.7 (47.7)	3.5 (38.3)	−0.1 (31.8)	7.7 (45.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	2.3 (0.09)	5.8 (0.23)	16.7 (0.66)	21.0 (0.83)	55.8 (2.20)	167.3 (6.59)	242.2 (9.54)	206.3 (8.12)	160.8 (6.33)	70.0 (2.76)	16.0 (0.63)	3.8 (0.15)	968.0 (38.11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	1.9	3.9	6.6	7.9	11.7	20.3	24.2	22.3	20.8	11.5	4.3	1.5	136.9
Average relative humidity (%)	46	46	49	54	59	73	81	83	83	73	62	53	64
Mean monthly sunshine hours	259.9	229.7	248.4	233.4	225.1	156.7	134.2	155.0	138.8	195.2	226.6	260.3	2,463.3
Percent possible sunshine	79	73	67	61	54	38	32	38	38	55	70	80	56
Source: China Meteorological Administration

Transport

• Lijiang Airport (LJG); Lijiang Airport is located in the south of Lijiang city, 28 km (17 mi) away from downtown. There is an airport shuttle bus service in downtown Lijiang. The airport was opened in July 1995 and has flights to Kunming, Chengdu, Xishuangbanna, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Xiamen via Chongqing and Guiyang. It also offers chartered airplane service. There are flights from Kunming to Lijiang every day and is about 30 minutes flight time.
• There are bus services to, amongst others, Kunming (8 hrs), Dali (3 hrs), the Tiger Leaping Gorge and Shangri-La.
• There is a train service to Kunming with one overnight and two day trains, and one day train to Dali.
• Lijiang has several bridges over the Jinsha River, including the Jinlong Bridge, built in 1936, the oldest over the Yangtze.

Old Town

Old Town by night

The world famous Old Town of Lijiang is located in Lijiang City. It is a UNESCO Heritage Site.

The town has a history going back more than 800 years and was once a confluence for trade along the old tea horse road. The Lijiang old town is famous for its orderly system of waterways and bridges. The old town of Lijiang differs from other ancient Chinese cities in architecture, history and the culture of its traditional residents the Nakhi people, therefore people there are called 胖金哥 and 胖金妹 (pàng jīn gē, pàng jīn mèi, male and female respectively). The town was ruled by the Mu Family during the portions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a period of nearly 500 years.

Overlooking Lijiang Old Town is Lion Hill and at its summit is the Wangu Pavilion, which is a wooden building that stands 33 m (108 ft) tall and boasts 10,000 dragon carvings. The pavilion is constructed on 16 columns each of 22 m (72 ft) in height. The pavilion is a masterpiece of Qing Dynasty architecture that has been extensively restored following the designation of Lijiang Old Town as a UNESCO Heritage Site.

According to the announcement of UNESCO in June,2012, the area of Lijiang Old Town has enlarged from 3.8 square kilometers to 7.279 square kilometers. The whole old town stretches to Jin'an Street in the east, Xianghe Road in the south, Minzhu Road in the west and Elephant Hill in the north.

From Lion's Hill it is possible to view the entire Li River valley, including both the old city and new city of Lijiang. Looking Northwest, the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain is dominates the horizon.

The Old Town is a maze of winding cobblestone streets. It is extremely easy to get lost as there is no grid, but each turn takes one to some new interesting spot, and it's not hard to eventually find one's way out of the maze and back to familiar territory. The layout of the town was established to conform to the flow of 3 streams in adherence to Feng Shui design, so there was water and waste disposal for the inhabitants. The Old Town has fast become a destination for young Chinese artists, students, and adventurers. Most recently, it has become a favored Spring Break destination for students. "Bar Street" is a line of clubs with live music, dancing, and revelry. The Old Town has a multitude of shops, some a bit tourist oriented, but several showcasing handcrafts, individual artists, and local manufacturers of interesting personal products.

There are dozens of restaurants, from snacks to high end dining, all very reasonably priced, cheap by Western standards.

Accommodations are varied, but the most interesting are the large number of boutique hotels run by individuals and families. These boutique hotels are in old traditional houses converted to rooms, courtyards, and gathering places, and designs all trend to traditional Chinese sensibilities. There are new high end hotel and condominium developments starting construction from 2011 forward, so there is a definite push to make the destination one for all tastes and not just young adventurers.

Nearby

Some tens of miles north of Lijiang is the Baishui Terrace (白水台 Baishuitai, literally "White Water Terrace"), an area where spring water flows over a sinter terrace, leaving behind travertine. Lijiang is also close to the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山).

A few miles north of Lijiang is the village of Baisha, famous for the Baisha Fresco and the Naxi Hand-made Embroidery Institute.The Fresco was built in the Ming Dynasty 600 years ago, the Naxi Hand-made Embroidery Institute was built 800 years ago, it is the headquarters of the Naxi embroideries and also, a school for the Naxi embroiderers. There are many Naxi embroidery masters, teachers, students and local farmers there. Their embroidery arts can be found there.

Sister Cities

• Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
• Roanoke, Virginia, United States
• New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
• Takayama, Gifu, Japan
• Shepparton, Victoria, Australia

See also

• Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles: a film by Zhang Yimou which takes place in the Lijiang area

External links

• Lijiang City Official website
• Lijiang travel guide from Wikivoyage