Shashlik
 Shashlik cooked outdoors during a social gathering | |
| Course | Main course |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Caucasus, Western, Southern and Central Asia |
| Serving temperature | Hot |
| Main ingredients | Meat, marinade, onions |
Shashlik or shashlyk (Armenian: խորոված khorovats, Azerbaijani: şişlik or tikə kabab, Georgian: მწვადი mtsvadi, Persian: شیشلیک, Russian: шашлы́к, Lithuanian: šašlykas, Turkish: şaşlık, Kurdish: Biraşka şîşê, Hebrew: שישליק, Hindustani: شاشلِک or षअषईक),[1][2] is a form of Shish kebab popular in Eastern and Central Europe (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Poland,[3] Lithuania, Hungary), the Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), Central Asia, Afghanistan, India, Iran, Israel, Iraq, Mongolia, Morocco, Pakistan, Turkey, Bangladesh and other places.
Shashlik (meaning skewered meat) was originally made of lamb. Nowadays it is also made of pork or beef depending on local preferences and religious observances. The skewers are either threaded with meat only, or with alternating pieces of meat, fat, and vegetables, such as bell pepper, onion, mushroom and tomato.
Usage
Even though the word "shashlyk" was apparently borrowed from the Crimean Tatars by the Cossacks as early as the 16th century, kebabs did not reach Moscow until the late 19th century.[4] From then on, their popularity spread rapidly; by the 1910s they were a staple in St Petersburg restaurants and by the 1920s they were already a pervasive street food all over urban Russia.
While it is not unusual to see shashlik today listed on the menu of restaurants, it is more commonly sold in the form of fast-food by street vendors who roast the skewers over wood, charcoal, or coal. It is also cooked in outdoor environments during social gatherings, similarly to barbecue in English-speaking countries.
Preparation
In Iranian cuisine, meat for shashlik (as opposed to other forms of shish kebab) is usually in form of large chunks of meat,[5][6] while elsewhere the form of medium-size meat cubes is maintained making it similar to brochette. The meat is marinated overnight in a high-acidity marinade like vinegar, dry wine or sour fruit/vegetable juice with the addition of onions, herbs and spices.[7] Shashlik is usually cooked on a grill called a mangal.
Similar dishes
- Shashlik - Israel
- Anticuchos - Peru and other Andean states
- Arrosticini - Italy (Abruzzo)
- Brochette - France, Spain (Catalonia)
- Chuanr - China
- Espetada - Portugal
- Frigărui - Romania
- Khorovats - Armenia
- Mtsvadi - Georgia
- Pinchitos - Spain (Andalusia and Extremadura)
- Satay - Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand, and the Netherlands
- Souvlaki - Greece
- Yakitori - Japan
- Şiş kebap - Turkey
- Sosatie - South Africa
- Ražnjići - Serbia
- Seekh Kebab - Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Northern India
- Souvla - Cyprus
References
- ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary
- ^ Shashlik in Reference.com
- ^ Szaszłyk, PWN encyclopedia
- ^ Владимир Гиляровский. Москва и москвичи, гл. Трактиры. 1926 (Vladimir Gilyarovsky. Moscow and Moscovites. 1926)
- ^ http://www.chn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=105446&Serv=0&SGr=0
- ^ http://sobhtoos.ir/political/88-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7/30597-6lik.html
- ^ Marinade recipes for shashlik at RusslandJournal.de
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