Turks of Romania

Turks of Romania
Regions with significant populations
	Constanţa · Tulcea · Bucharest
Languages
	Turkish · Romanian
Religion
	Islam

The Turks of Romania, also known as Romanian Turks, (Turkish: Romanya Türkleri, Romanian: Turcii din România) are ethnic Turks who form an ethnic minority in Romania. According to the 2011 census, there were 28,226 Turks living in the country, forming a minority of some 0.15% of the population.^[1] Of these, 81.1% were recorded in the Dobruja region of the country's southeast, near the Black Sea, in the counties of Constanța (21,014) and Tulcea (1,891), with a further 8.5% residing in the national capital Bucharest (2,388).^[4]

History

The Ottoman Turkish colonisers settled in the Dobruja region during the 15th century, and by the 17th century most of the settlements in Dobruja had Turkish names.^[5] In the nineteenth century, Turks and Tatars were more numerous in Dobruja than the Romanians.^[6]

Turks (dark purple) in Northern Dobruja (1903)

Ethnicity	1880^[7]	1899^[7]	1913^[8]	1930¹^[9]	1956^[10]	1966^[10]	1977^[10]	1992^[10]	2002^[10]
Demographic history in Dobruja
All	139,671	258,242	380,430	437,131	593,659	702,461	863,348	1,019,766	971,643
Romanian	43,671 (31%)	118,919 (46%)	216,425 (56.8%)	282,844 (64.7%)	514,331 (86.6%)	622,996 (88.7%)	784,934 (90.9%)	926,608 (90.8%)	883,620 (90.9%)
Bulgarian	24,915 (17%)	38,439 (14%)	51,149 (13.4%)	42,070 (9.6%)	749 (0.13%)	524 (0.07%)	415 (0.05%)	311 (0.03%)	135 (0.01%)
Turkish	18,624 (13%)	12,146 (4%)	20,092 (5.3%)	21,748 (5%)	11,994 (2%)	16,209 (2.3%)	21,666 (2.5%)	27,685 (2.7%)	27,580 (2.8%)
Tatar	29,476 (21%)	28,670 (11%)	21,350 (5.6%)	15,546 (3.6%)	20,239 (3.4%)	21,939 (3.1%)	22,875 (2.65%)	24,185 (2.4%)	23,409 (2.4%)
Russian-Lipovan	8,250 (6%)	12,801 (5%)	35,859 (9.4%)	26,210 (6%)²	29,944 (5%)	30,509 (4.35%)	24,098 (2.8%)	26,154 (2.6%)	21,623 (2.2%)
Ruthenian (Ukrainian from 1956)	455 (0.3%)	13,680 (5%)	35,859 (9.4%)	33 (0.01%)	7,025 (1.18%)	5,154 (0.73%)	2,639 (0.3%)	4,101 (0.4%)	1,465 (0.1%)
Dobrujan Germans	2,461 (1.7%)	8,566 (3%)	7,697 (2%)	12,023 (2.75%)	735 (0.12%)	599 (0.09%)	648 (0.08%)	677 (0.07%)	398 (0.04%)
Greek	4,015 (2.8%)	8,445 (3%)	9,999 (2.6%)	7,743 (1.8%)	1,399 (0.24%)	908 (0.13%)	635 (0.07%)	1,230 (0.12%)	2,270 (0.23%)
Roma	702 (0.5%)	2,252 (0.87%)	3,263 (0.9%)	3,831 (0.88%)	1,176 (0.2%)	378 (0.05%)	2,565 (0.3%)	5,983 (0.59%)	8,295 (0.85%)

Demographics

The majority of Turks live in the historical region of Northern Dobruja (Turkish: Dobruca), particularly in Constanța County, where they number 21,014 and make up 3.3% of the population, Tulcea County with 1,891 (0.94%) and Bucharest with 2,388 (0.14%). Dobromir, a commune in Constanța County, is the only one in Romania with a Turkish majority (61.93%). As an officially-recognised ethnic minority, Turks have one seat reserved for them in the Romanian Chamber of Deputies. An important Turkish community also used to live until 1970 on the island of Ada Kaleh.

After 1989, a significant number of Turkish entrepreneurs started investing and establishing business ventures in Romania, and a certain proportion chose to take up residence in Romania.

References

^ ^a ^b National Institute of Statistics 2011, 10.
^ Phinnemore 2006, 157.
^ Constantin, Goschin & Dragusin 2008, 59.
^ National Institute of Statistics 2011, 6.
^ Brozba 2010, 48.
^ Boia 2001, 20.
^ ^a ^b G. Dănescu, Dobrogea (La Dobroudja). Étude de Géographie physique et ethnographique
^ Roman, I. N. (1919). "La population de la Dobrogea. D'apres le recensement du 1^er janvier 1913". In Demetrescu, A (ed.). La Dobrogea Roumaine. Études et documents (in French). Bucarest. OCLC 80634772.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Calculated from results of the 1930 census per county, taken from Mănuilă, Sabin (1939). La Population de la Dobroudja (in French). Bucarest: Institut Central de Statistique. OCLC 1983592.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Calculated from statistics for the counties of Tulcea and Constanţa from "Populaţia după etnie la recensămintele din perioada 1930–2002, pe judete" (PDF) (in Romanian). Guvernul României — Agenţia Naţională pentru Romi. pp. 5–6, 13–14. Retrieved 2007-05-02.

Bibliography

Brozba, Gabriela (2010), Between Reality and Myth: A Corpus-based Analysis of the Stereotypic Image of Some Romanian Ethnic Minorities, GRIN Verlag, ISBN 3-640-70386-3.
Constantin, Daniela L.; Goschin, Zizi; Dragusin, Mariana (2008), "Ethnic entrepreneurship as an integration factor in civil society and a gate to religious tolerance. A spotlight on Turkish entrepreneurs in Romania", Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 7 (20): 28–41
National Institute of Statistics (2002), Population by ethnic groups, regions, counties and areas (PDF), Romania - National Institute of Statistics
National Institute of Statistics (2011), Comunicat de presă privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor – 2011 (PDF), Romania-National Institute of Statistics
Phinnemore, David (2006), The EU and Romania: Accession and Beyond, The Federal Trust for Education & Research, ISBN 1-903403-78-2

External links

Turkish Democratic Union of Romania (Uniunea Democrată Turcă din România)

[National_Institute_of_Statistics_2011_loc=10-1] National Institute of Statistics 2011, 10.

[Phinnemore_2006_loc=157-2] Phinnemore 2006, 157.

[3] Constantin, Goschin & Dragusin 2008, 59.

[National_Institute_of_Statistics_2011_loc=6-4] National Institute of Statistics 2011, 6.

[Brozba_2010_loc=48-5] Brozba 2010, 48.

[6] Boia 2001, 20.

[dane-7] G. Dănescu, Dobrogea (La Dobroudja). Étude de Géographie physique et ethnographique

[8] Roman, I. N. (1919). "La population de la Dobrogea. D'apres le recensement du 1^er janvier 1913". In Demetrescu, A (ed.). La Dobrogea Roumaine. Études et documents (in French). Bucarest. OCLC 80634772.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[sabin-9] Calculated from results of the 1930 census per county, taken from Mănuilă, Sabin (1939). La Population de la Dobroudja (in French). Bucarest: Institut Central de Statistique. OCLC 1983592.

[anri-10] Calculated from statistics for the counties of Tulcea and Constanţa from "Populaţia după etnie la recensămintele din perioada 1930–2002, pe judete" (PDF) (in Romanian). Guvernul României — Agenţia Naţională pentru Romi. pp. 5–6, 13–14. Retrieved 2007-05-02.

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v t e Ethnic groups in Romania
Dominant group	Romanians (16,792,868)	Main ethnicities in the localities (2011)
Officially recognised minorities	Hungarians (1,227,623) Romani (621,573) Ukrainians (50,920) Germans (36,042) Turks (27,698) Lipovans (23,487) Tatars (divided into Crimean Tatars and Nogais) (20,282) Serbs (18,076) Slovaks (13,654) Bulgarians (7,336) Croats (5,408) Greeks (3,668) Jews (3,271) Italians (3,203) Poles (2,543) Czechs (2,477) Armenians (1,361) Macedonians (1,264) Albanians (520) Rusyns (262)
Non-recognized minorities	Aromanians (26,500) Hutsuls* (self-declared, 3,890) Csángós* (self-declared, 1,536) Megleno-Romanians (1,200–2,000) Székelys* (self-declared, 532) Krashovani* (self-declared, 207) Slovenes (175) Gagauz (5)
Historical ethnic groups	Circassians (approximately 10,000 in the mid-19th century) Dobrujan Arabs (145 in 1850)
Immigrant groups	Citizens of the Republic of Moldova (177,000) Arabs (5,000) Afghans (2,384) Chinese (2,243) Indians (1,000) Filipinos (800) Africans (700) Pakistanis (700) Iranians (610) Kurds (500) Mexicans (224) Bangladeshis (100)
* = Subgroups of officially recognized ethnicities that are not treated by the Romanian authorities as separate minorities.

History

Demographics

See also

References

Bibliography

External links