Women in England
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Women in England are women who live in or are from England. The A Guide to English Culture and Customs described the English women of the United Kingdom to be "equal to men, and should be treated fairly" and that they do "equal share of (...) household tasks and childcare"; but such description may be different in some "more traditional British families" where each couple may have their "own arrangement".[1] As part of the English culture, social drinking is acceptable for women.[1]
History
The Women’s Liberation Movement (WLM) began as recent as the early 1960’s. It began with the introduction of birth control pills. It was only provided to women who were wedded under the law to seek out contraceptive pills. Three years after the proposal, women were given the rights to inherit property. Within that same decade, women were granted the rights to have abortions under the Abortion Act. This was deemed legal as long as the pregnancy did not pass the 24th week mark.[2]
In 1970, the call to conference of the Women’s Liberation Movement was held to raise awareness. The four main concerns addressed were equal pay between genders, providing fair education and job opportunities for women, coverage of abortion and contraception, and availability of 24-hour nurseries – free of charge.[3]
From there on, a chain reaction of reformation within the United Kingdom emerged. Rape Crisis centers were created, Women’s Aid was formed, the Sex Discrimination Act was signed, domestic violence was called out, and conferences were held more than ever to protect women.[2] These movements were the stepping-stone used to scaffold the modern day era of England’s feminine culture.
Marriage
In England, fornication and living with a significant partner before marriage is normal. Divorce is not uncommon either. Either partner may choose to resign from the marriage, if deemed necessary.[4]
Women in the Work Force
Over half of women work a part time job in England. Statistically, “figures from 2014 show that for every pound a man makes, a woman will only earn 80 [pound].” Similarly to the United States, England faces a gender gap in pay.[5]
Many women also face discrimination in the work industry. It has been reported that only 17 percent make up board directors positions out of the companies that were studied. Women in England also face racial discrimination when applying for work.[6]
Education
The School Workforce found that females are leading in the education field. Women make up most of faculty within a classroom and as headteachers.[7]
Religion
For centuries, women have been refused the right to carry a title under Anglican churches.[8] Back in 2014, the Church of England appointed the first woman bishop, Libby Lane.[9]
See also
References
- ^ a b A Guide to English Culture and Customs, page 3 and 5.
- ^ a b "Timeline of the Women's Liberation Movement". The British Library. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
- ^ "Campaigns and protests of the Women's Liberation Movement". The British Library. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
- ^ "Culture of United Kingdom - history, people, women, beliefs, food, customs, family, social, marriage". www.everyculture.com. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
- ^ UK, Rachel Moss Lifestyle Writer at The Huffington Post (2015-03-05). "12 Issues Designed To Silence, Shame And Bully Women In 2015". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
- ^ "Facts and statistics on gender inequality | UK Feminista". ukfeminista.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
- ^ "Women Leading in Education: become a coach - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
- ^ www.digitalvirtue.com, Digital Virtue - w:. "Historic ordination of first woman bishop in Church of England". www.thetablet.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Group of Church women want to refer to God as a 'She' to combat sexism". Mail Online. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
Further reading
- Women in England: C. 1275-1525 by P. J. P. Goldberg
- The Women of England, Their Social Duties, and Domestic Habits. By Ellis, Sarah Stickney, 1812–1872.
- WOMEN'S STATUS IN MID 19TH-CENTURY ENGLAND A BRIEF OVERVIEW by Helena Wojtczak
External links
- Women, Gender and Religious Cultures in Britain, 1800-1940, Review in History
- The key men (and a few women) in Britain's arts world, The Observer
- Women in Business in Britain
- England, everyculture.com