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Chemical compound
Allenolic acid , or allenoic acid , is a synthetic ,[ 1] nonsteroidal estrogen discovered in 1947 or 1948 that, although studied clinically,[ 2] was never marketed.[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] It is an open-ring or seco-analogue of steroidal estrogens like estrone and equilenin .[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] The compound was named after Edgar Allen , one of the pioneers in estrogen research.[ 9] [ 10] Although described as an estrogen, allenolic acid probably is totally inactive at the receptor, whereas a derivative, allenestrol (α,α-dimethyl-β-ethylallenolic acid), is reported to be a potent estrogen.[ 11] Another derivative of allenolic acid (specifically 6-methoxy -allenestrol), methallenestril (brand name Vallestril), is also a potent estrogen and, in contrast to allenolic acid and allenestrol, has been marketed.[ 12] [ 13] [ 14] [ 15]
^ Paoletti R, Pasetto N, Ambrus JL (6 December 2012). The Menopause and Postmenopause: The Proceedings of an International Symposium held in Rome, June 1979 . Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 110–. ISBN 978-94-011-7230-1 .
^ American Practitioner and Digest of Treatment . Lippincott. January 1951. p. 443.
^ Rea WJ, Patel K (18 June 2010). Reversibility of Chronic Degenerative Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 1: Regulating Mechanisms of Chemical Sensitivity . CRC Press. pp. 464–. ISBN 978-1-4398-1345-4 .
^ Geynet C, Millet C, Truong H, Baulieu EE (1972). "Estrogens and antiestrogens". Gynecologic Investigation . 3 (1): 2–29. doi :10.1159/000301742 . PMID 4347198 .
^ Furuya H, Deguchi K, Shima M (September 1957). "Experimental and clinical studies on a new synthetic estrogen, an allenolic acid derivative, vallestril". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology . 74 (3): 635–50. doi :10.1016/0002-9378(57)90519-7 . PMID 13458265 .
^ Indian Journal of Chemistry: Organic including medicinal . Council of Scientific & Industrial Research. 1980. p. 886.
^ Ghalioungui P, Ghareeb A (1963). Endocrines, Vitamins, and Some Common Metabolic Disorders . Dar al-Maaref. p. 194.
^ Morrison JD (November 1983). Stereodifferentiating addition reactions . Academic Press. p. v. ISBN 978-0-12-507702-6 .
^ Thompson WO (1953). The Year Book of Endocrinology . Year Book Medical Publishers. p. 292.
^ American Practitioner and Digest of Treatment . Lippincott. January 1956.
^ Clark ER, Robson RD (1959). "753. Oestrogenic carboxylic acids. Part II. Open-chain analogues of doisynolic acid". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) : 3714. doi :10.1039/jr9590003714 . ISSN 0368-1769 .
^ Journal of the Japanese Obstetrical & Gynecological Society . 1958. p. 83.
^ Heftmann E (1970). Steroid Biochemistry . Academic Press. p. 144. ISBN 9780123366504 .
^ The Effects of the Sulfonylureas and Related Compounds in Experimental and Clinical Diabetes . The Academy. 1957. p. 681.
^ Sartorelli AC, Johns DG (27 November 2013). Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Agents . Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 106–. ISBN 978-3-642-65806-8 .
ER Tooltip Estrogen receptor
Agonists
Steroidal: 2-Hydroxyestradiol
2-Hydroxyestrone
3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol
3α-Androstanediol
3α,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
3β,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
3α-Hydroxytibolone
3β-Hydroxytibolone
3β-Androstanediol
4-Androstenediol
4-Androstenedione
4-Fluoroestradiol
4-Hydroxyestradiol
4-Hydroxyestrone
4-Methoxyestradiol
4-Methoxyestrone
5-Androstenediol
7-Oxo-DHEA
7α-Hydroxy-DHEA
7α-Methylestradiol
7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
8,9-Dehydroestradiol
8,9-Dehydroestrone
8β-VE2
10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED)
11β-Chloromethylestradiol
11β-Methoxyestradiol
15α-Hydroxyestradiol
16-Ketoestradiol
16-Ketoestrone
16α-Fluoroestradiol
16α-Hydroxy-DHEA
16α-Hydroxyestrone
16α-Iodoestradiol
16α-LE2
16β-Hydroxyestrone
16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)
17α-Estradiol (alfatradiol )
17α-Dihydroequilenin
17α-Dihydroequilin
17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)
17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol
17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol
17β-Dihydroequilenin
17β-Dihydroequilin
17β-Methyl-17α-dihydroequilenin
Abiraterone
Abiraterone acetate
Alestramustine
Almestrone
Anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone and esters , methyltestosterone , metandienone (methandrostenolone) , nandrolone and esters , many others; via estrogenic metabolites)
Atrimustine
Bolandiol
Bolandiol dipropionate
Butolame
Clomestrone
Cloxestradiol
Conjugated estriol
Conjugated estrogens
Cyclodiol
Cyclotriol
DHEA
DHEA-S
ent -Estradiol
Epiestriol (16β-epiestriol, 16β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol)
Epimestrol
Equilenin
Equilin
ERA-63 (ORG-37663)
Esterified estrogens
Estetrol
Estradiol
Estramustine
Estramustine phosphate
Estrapronicate
Estrazinol
Estriol
Estrofurate
Estrogenic substances
Estromustine
Estrone
Etamestrol (eptamestrol)
Ethinylandrostenediol
Ethinylestradiol
Ethinylestriol
Ethylestradiol
Etynodiol
Etynodiol diacetate
Hexolame
Hippulin
Hydroxyestrone diacetate
Lynestrenol
Lynestrenol phenylpropionate
Mestranol
Methylestradiol
Moxestrol
Mytatrienediol
Nilestriol
Norethisterone
Noretynodrel
Orestrate
Pentolame
Prodiame
Prolame
Promestriene
RU-16117
Quinestradol
Quinestrol
Tibolone
Xenoestrogens: Anise -related (e.g., anethole , anol , dianethole , dianol , photoanethole )
Chalconoids (e.g., isoliquiritigenin , phloretin , phlorizin (phloridzin) , wedelolactone )
Coumestans (e.g., coumestrol , psoralidin )
Flavonoids (incl. 7,8-DHF , 8-prenylnaringenin , apigenin , baicalein , baicalin , biochanin A , calycosin , catechin , daidzein , daidzin , ECG , EGCG , epicatechin , equol , formononetin , glabrene , glabridin , genistein , genistin , glycitein , kaempferol , liquiritigenin , mirificin , myricetin , naringenin , penduletin , pinocembrin , prunetin , puerarin , quercetin , tectoridin , tectorigenin )
Lavender oil
Lignans (e.g., enterodiol , enterolactone , nyasol (cis -hinokiresinol) )
Metalloestrogens (e.g., cadmium )
Pesticides (e.g., alternariol , dieldrin , endosulfan , fenarimol , HPTE , methiocarb , methoxychlor , triclocarban , triclosan )
Phytosteroids (e.g., digitoxin (digitalis ), diosgenin , guggulsterone )
Phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol , campesterol , stigmasterol )
Resorcylic acid lactones (e.g., zearalanone , α-zearalenol , β-zearalenol , zearalenone , zeranol (α-zearalanol) , taleranol (teranol, β-zearalanol) )
Steroid -like (e.g., deoxymiroestrol , miroestrol )
Stilbenoids (e.g., resveratrol , rhaponticin )
Synthetic xenoestrogens (e.g., alkylphenols , bisphenols (e.g., BPA , BPF , BPS ), DDT , parabens , PBBs , PHBA , phthalates , PCBs )
Others (e.g., agnuside , rotundifuran )
Mixed (SERMs Tooltip Selective estrogen receptor modulators ) Antagonists
Coregulator-binding modulators: ERX-11
GPER Tooltip G protein-coupled estrogen receptor
Agonists Antagonists Unknown