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1982 in spaceflight

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1982 in spaceflight
National firsts
Space traveller France
Rockets
Maiden flightsTitan 34D
RetirementsTitan IIIC
Titan IIID
Crewed flights
Orbital6
Total travellers16

The following is an outline of 1982 in spaceflight.

Launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

7 January
15:38[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1331 (Strela-2M) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
14 January
07:51[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1333 (Parus) Low Earth Communications
Navigation		 In orbit Successful
16 January[2]
01:54[3] 		United States Delta 3910/PAM-D United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A United States
United States Satcom 4[2] Geostationary[2] Communications[4] In orbit Successful[2]
21 January
19:30 		United StatesTitan III(24)B United StatesVandenberg SLC-4W United States
United StatesOPS 2849 (KH-852) NRO Sun-synchronous Optical imaging 23 May Successful
29 January
11:00[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1335 (Taifun-2) Low Earth Calibration 5 April 1987 Successful

February

11 February
01:11[1] 		Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 90 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1337 (US-PM1) Low Earth ELINT 25 July Spacecraft failure
Satellite propulsion or avionics system failed
17 February
21:56[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1339 (Tsikada) Low Earth Navigation in orbit? Successful
26 February
00:04:44[1][5] 		United StatesDelta 3910/PAM-D United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17A United States
United States Westar 4[5] Geostationary[5] Communications[6] In orbit Successful[5]

March

4 March Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Kapustin Yar Site 107/1[1] Soviet Union
Soviet Union Taifun-2 Intended: Low Earth Calibration 4 March Launch failure
5 March
00:23[7] 		United StatesAtlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1AR United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36A United States
United NationsIntelsat 504 Intelsat[7] Geosynchronous[7] Communications[8] In orbit Successful[7]
6 March
19:25[9] 		United StatesTitan III(23)C[9] United StatesCape Canaveral LC-40 United States
United StatesOPS 8701 (DSP-10) US Air Force Geosynchronous[10] Early warning[9][11] In orbit Successful[9]
Final flight of Titan IIIC
22 March
16:00[12] 		United StatesSpace Shuttle Columbia[12] United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-3 NASA Low Earth[13] Development test flight[14] 30 March
16:05[15]		 Successful[15]
United StatesDevelopment Flight Instrumentation NASA Low Earth (Columbia) Monitor orbiter performance Successful
United StatesOSTA-1 NASA Low Earth (Columbia) Remote sensing Successful
Crewed orbital flight with two astronauts
Only Shuttle flight to land at White Sands Space Harbor
Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-1)
24 March
19:47[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1[1] Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1344 (Parus) Low Earth Communications
Navigation		 In orbit Successful
25 March
09:50[1] 		Soviet UnionTsyklon-3 Soviet UnionPlesetsk Site 32/1[1] Soviet Union
Soviet UnionMeteor-2 No.8 Low Earth Weather In orbit Successful
31 March
09:00[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1345 (Tselina-O) Low Earth ELINT 27 September 1989 Successful

April

8 April
00:15[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2[1] Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1349 (Parus) Low Earth Communication
Navigation		 In orbit Successful
10 April
06:47[1] 		United States Delta 3910[17]/PAM-D United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A United States
India INSAT-1A[17] ISRO Geostationary[18] Communications[18] In orbit Spacecraft failure[16]
Attitude control system malfunction, ceased operations in September 1982[16]
19 April[19]
19:45:00[1] 		Soviet Union Proton-K[20] Soviet Union Baikonur[20] Site 200/40 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Salyut 7[19] (DOS-6) Low Earth[19] Space station[19] 7 February 1991[20] Successful[19]
Final space station launched as part of the Salyut programme
21 April
01:40[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Kapustin Yar Site 107/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1351 (Taifun-2) Low Earth Calibration 14 March 1983 Successful
28 April
02:52[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/1[1] Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1354 (Strela-2) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
29 April
09:55[1] 		Soviet Union Tsyklon-2 Soviet Union Baikonur Site 90 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1355 (US-PM1) Low Earth ELINT 7 March 1984 Successful

May

6 May
18:07[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 132/2 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1357 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
Soviet Union Kosmos 1358 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
Soviet Union Kosmos 1359 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
Soviet Union Kosmos 1360 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
Soviet Union Kosmos 1361 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
Soviet Union Kosmos 1362 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
Soviet Union Kosmos 1363 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
Soviet Union Kosmos 1364 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
11 May
18:35 		United States Titan III(23)D United StatesVandenberg SLC-4E United States
United StatesOPS 5642 (KH-9-17) NRO Sun-synchronous Optical imaging 5 December Successful
United StatesOPS 6553 (SSF-D) NRO Sun-synchronous ELINT In orbit Successful
13 May
09:58 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-5 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EO-1 27 August
15:04		 Successful
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts, first mission to Salyut 7
14 May
19:39 		Soviet Union Tsyklon-2 Soviet Union Baikonur Site 90 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1365 (US-A) Low Earth Radar imaging 19 October Successful
23 May
05:58 		Soviet Union Soyuz-U Soviet Union Baikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 13 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics 6 June
00:05		 Successful

June

1 June
04:37 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 or LC133 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1371 (875 kg) military LEO, inclination 74.0 degrees comsat in orbit? Successful
1 June
13:58 		Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 Soviet UnionBaikonur LC 90 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1372 (3800 kg) military LEO, inclination 65.1 degrees Reconnaissance 9 September 1982 Successful
3 June
21:30 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3MP Soviet UnionKapustin Yar LC 107 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionBOR-4 (1074 kg) military fractional LEO, inclination 50.6 degrees Test 3 June 1982 Successful
6 June
17:10 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 or LC133 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1375 (750 kg) military LEO, inclination 65.8 degrees Anti-satellite weapon target 18 June 1982 (destroyed in orbit) Successful
9 June
00:24[21] 		United StatesDelta 3910 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17A United States
United States Westar 5[21] 1,280 pounds (580 kg)[21] Commercial[21] Geostationary orbit[21] Communications satellite[21] unknown Successful[21]
10 June
17:37 		Soviet UnionTsyklon-3 Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC 32 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1378 (2500 kg) military LEO, inclination 82.5 degrees ELINT in orbit as in 2012 Successful
18 June
11:04 		Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 Soviet UnionBaikonur LC 90 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1379 (1400 kg) military LEO, inclination 65.8 degrees Anti-satellite weapon 18 June 1982, destroyed while in orbit Successful, destroyed Kosmos-1375
18 June
11:58 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1380 (810 kg) military LEO, inclination 82.9 degrees comsat and navigation 27 June 1982 Partial launch failure
Second stage malfunction during first burn resulted in low transfer orbit apogee. Satellite was deployed in lower than planned orbit.
24 June
16:29 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-6 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EP-1 2 July
14:20		 Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts including the first French space traveller
27 June
15:00 		United StatesSpace Shuttle Columbia United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-4 NASA Low Earth Developmental test flight 4 July
16:09		 Successful
United StatesClassified US Air Force In orbit Successful
United StatesGetaway Special Utah State Low Earth In orbit Successful
Crewed orbital flight with two astronauts, final developmental test flight
29 June
21:45 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1383 (810 kg) military LEO, inclination 82.9 degrees navigation, technology in orbit? Successful

July

7 July
09:47 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1386(Parus class) military LEO, inclination 83.0 degrees navigation, Communication in orbit Successful
10 July
09:57 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 14 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics 13 August
01:29		 Successful
16 July
17:59 		United StatesDelta 3920 United StatesVandenberg SLC-2W United States
United States Landsat 4 (1972kg) Civilian SSO Satellite imagery in orbit as in 2007 Successful
21 July
06:31 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1388 – Kosmos 1395(Strela-1M class) military LEO, inclination 74.0 degrees Communication in orbit Successful
29 July
19:40 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1397(Romb class) military LEO, inclination 50.6 degrees Calibration in orbit Successful

August

19 August
17:11 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-7 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EP-2 10 December
19:02		 Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
26 August
23:10 		United StatesDelta 3920 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17A United States
Canada Anik D1 (1238kg) Commercial GTO Communications satellite unknown Successful
30 August
10:06 		Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 Soviet UnionBaikonur LC 90 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1402 (3800 kg) military LEO, inclination 65.0 degrees Reconnaissance 23 January 1983 (bus), 7 February 1983 (nuclear core) Successful
30 August
unknown 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet Unionnot assigned military none unknown 30 August Failure to orbit

September

3 September
05:00 		JapanN-I JapanOsaki LC Japan
JapanKiku 4 (ETS 3) (385 kg) civilian LEO, inclination 44.6 degrees unknown unknown Successful
4 September
17:50 		Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 Soviet UnionBaikonur LC 90 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1405 (3000 kg) military LEO, inclination 65.0 degrees ELINT 5 February 1984 Successful
9 September
02:12 		European UnionAriane 1 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
European UnionMARECS B ESA Intended: Geosynchronous Communications 9 September Launch Failure
Sirio 2 Intended: Geosynchronous
Third stage turbopump malfunction
9 September
15:12 		United States Conestoga I United States Matagorda Island United States Space Services Inc.
United States Test payload Space Services Inc. Suborbital Test flight 9 September Successful
First private rocket to reach space. Apogee: ~ 309 kilometers (192 miles)[22][23]
16 September
04:55 		Soviet Union Tsyklon-3 Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 32/2 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1408 (2500 kg) Ministry of Defense LEO, inclination 82.6 degrees ELINT Destroyed on 15 November 2021 Successful; later destroyed in ASAT test
Satellite was destroyed by an anti-satellite missile test on 15 November 2021.[24]
18 September
04:58 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 15 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics 16 October
17:06		 Successful
24 September
09:15 		Soviet Union Tsyklon-3 Soviet Union Plesetsk Site 32/1 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos-1410 (2200 kg) Ministry of Defense LEO, inclination 82.6 degrees Geodesy in orbit as in 2012 Successful
28 September
23:17 		United StatesAtlas-Centaur SLV-3D United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United States
United StatesIntelsat 505 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful

October

2 October
??:?? 		Soviet UnionTsyklon-2 Soviet UnionBaikonur LC 90 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1412 (3800 kg) military LEO, inclination 64.8 degrees Reconnaissance 4 December 1982 Successful
19 October
??:?? 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos-1417(Parus class) military LEO, inclination 83.0 degrees navigation, Communication in orbit Successful
21 October
01:40[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union Kapustin Yar LC 107 Soviet Union
Soviet Union Kosmos 1418 (Taifun-1B class) military LEO Radar target 30 September 1983 Successful
28 October
??:?? 		United StatesDelta 3924 United StatesCape Canaveral LC-17A United States
United States Aurora 1 (Satcom 5) (1102kg) Commercial GTO Communications satellite unknown Successful
30 October
04:05 		United StatesTitan 34D/IUS United StatesCape Canaveral LC-40 United States
United StatesOPS-9945 (DSCS II F-16) US Air Force Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
United StatesDSCS III A-1 US Air Force Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
Maiden flight of Titan 34D and Inertial Upper Stage
31 October
11:20 		Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 16 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics 14 December
17:17		 Successful

November

11 November
??:?? 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1420(Strela-2 class) military LEO, inclination 74.0 degrees Communication in orbit Successful
11 November
12:19 		United StatesSpace Shuttle Columbia United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-5 NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment 16 November
14:33		 Successful
United StatesSBS-3 SBS Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous 		Communications In orbit Successful
CanadaAnik C3 Telesat Canada Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous 		Communications In orbit Successful
West GermanyGetaway Special West Germany Low Earth Microgravity research 16 November Successful
Crewed orbital flight with four astronauts; First "operational" Shuttle flight
Anik C3 retired 18 June 1997
17 November
21:22 		United StatesTitan IIID United StatesVandenberg SLC-4E United States
United StatesOPS-9627 (KH-11-5) NRO Sun-synchronous Reconnaissance 13 August 1985 Successful
Final flight of Titan IIID
24 November
??:?? 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet Unionnot assigned military none Communication 24 November Failure to orbit

December

21 December
02:38 		United StatesAtlas E/Star-37S-ISS United StatesVandenberg SLC-3W United States
United StatesDMSP 5D-2 F6 US Air Force Sun-synchronous Meteorology In orbit Successful
29 December
??:?? 		Soviet UnionKosmos-3M Soviet UnionPlesetsk LC132 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionKosmos 1427(Tafun-1B class) military LEO, inclination 65.8 degrees Radar target 5 October 1989 Successful

Deep-space rendezvous

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
1 March Venera 13 landed on Venus[25]
5 March Venera 14 landed on Venus[26]
30 March ISEE-3/ICE 1st flyby of the Moon Closest approach: 19,570 kilometres (12,160 mi)
23 April ISEE-3/ICE 2nd flyby of the Moon Closest approach: 21,137 kilometres (13,134 mi)
27 September ISEE-3/ICE 3rd flyby of the Moon Closest approach: 22,790 kilometres (14,160 mi)

EVAs

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
30 July
02:39 		2 hours
33 minutes 		05:12 Salyut 7 EO-1 Soviet UnionAnatoly Berezovoy
Soviet UnionValentin Lebedev 		Performing the first EVA from Salyut 7, Lebedev anchored himself with a foot restraint, while Berezovoy assisted from the hatch. After collecting and placing samples on the exterior surface of the spacecraft, Lebedev tested methods for assembly and disassembly work in space, including the Istok panel experiment of turning bolts with a special wrench.

References

  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d "Satcom rockets aloft". The Orlando Sentinel. Cape Canaveral, Florida: Tribune Publishing. United Press International. 16 January 1982. p. 4. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Launch/Orbital information for RCA-SATCOM 4". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  4. ^ "General information about RCA-SATCOM 4". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d "Westar IV satellite launched". Springfield Leader and Press. Cape Canaveral, Florida: Gannett. Associated Press. 26 February 1982. p. 7. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ "General information about Westar 4". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d "NASA launches Intelsat for phone, TV hookups". The Orlando Sentinel. Cape Canaveral, Florida: Tribune Publishing. Sentinel Star Services. 5 March 1982. p. 175. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "General information about INTELSAT 5 F-4". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d "Satellite Launch Startles Residents Around Cape". The Tampa Tribune. Cape Canaveral, Florida. United Press International. 7 March 1982. p. 30. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "Launch/Orbital information for DSP F10". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  11. ^ "General information about DSP F10". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  12. ^ a b Toner, Mike (23 March 1982). "Up, Columbia! 3rd Time a Charm". Miami Herald. Cape Canaveral, Florida. p. 28. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "Launch/Orbital information for STS 3/OSS 1". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  14. ^ "General information about STS 3/OSS 1". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  15. ^ a b Locke, Robert (31 March 1982). "Tardy space shuttle touches down". Arizona Daily Star. White Sands Missile Range: Pulitzer, Inc. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ a b Fineman, Mark (9 September 1982). "U.S.-made Indian satellite now just space junk". The Dispatch. New Delhi. Knight News Wire. p. 10. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ a b Fineman, Mark (10 April 1982). "Delta launch is revolution on a rocket for rural India". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Cape Canaveral, Florida. p. 1. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ a b Fineman, Mark (10 April 1982). "Delta launch is a revolution on a rocket for India". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Cape Canaveral, Florida. p. 2. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ a b c d e Trimborn, Harry (21 April 1982). "Soviets Orbit Space Lab for East-West Operation". Los Angeles Times. p. 16. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ a b c "Launch/Orbital information for Salyut 7". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g Adams, Peter (9 June 1982). "WESTAR V flies on time". Florida Today. Brevard County, Florida: Gannett. p. 16A. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "The launch of Conestoga 1". Space Services Inc. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  23. ^ Wade, Mark. "Matagorda Island". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  24. ^ Foust, Jeff (15 November 2021). "Russia destroys satellite in ASAT test". SpaceNews. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  25. ^ "Soviet Spaceship Lands on Venus". The Tribune. United Press International. 2 March 1982. p. 1. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ "Soviets land 2nd unmanned craft on Venus". The Orlando Sentinel. Moscow: Tribune Publishing. United Press International. 6 March 1982. p. 9. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.


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