List of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender sportspeople

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This is a list of notable lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender sportspeople.

Volleyball player J. P. Calderon
Boxer Parinya Charoenphol
Soccer player Justin Fashanu
Tennis player Billie Jean King
Track and field athlete Andreas Krieger
Diver Greg Louganis
Tennis player Hana Mandlíková
Diver Matthew Mitcham
Handball player Katja Nyberg
Basketball player Sheryl Swoopes
Rugby player Gareth Thomas
Rugby player Louisa Wall
Lacrosse player Diane Whipple
Name Lifetime[1] Nationality Sport Notes[2]
Graham Ackerman b. 1983 American Gymnastics G[3]
Marilyn Agliotti b. 1979 Dutch Field hockey L[4]
Jenny Allard b. ? American Softball L[5]
Kye Allums b. 1989 American Basketball L[6]
John Amaechi b. 1970 English Basketball G[7]
Eric Anderson b. 1968 American Coach G[8]
Nadine Angerer b. 1978 German Soccer B[9]
Alyson Annan b. 1973 Australian Field hockey L[10]
Judith Arndt b. 1976 German Cycling L[11]
Mianne Bagger b. 1966 Danish Golf T[12]
Clare Balding b. 1971 English Jockey L[13]
Jim Barnett 1924–2004 American Wrestling promoter G[14]
Betty Baxter b. 1952 Canadian Volleyball L[15]
Billy Bean b. 1964 American Baseball G[16]
Shelley Beattie 1967–2008 American Bodybuilding L[17]
Kajsa Bergqvist b.1976 Swedish Track and field B[18]
Thomas Berling b. 1979 Norwegian Soccer G[19]
Mark Bingham 1970–2001 American Rugby G[20]
John Blankenstein 1949–2006 Dutch Soccer referee G[21]
Sabine Braun b. 1965 German Track and field L[22]
Steve Buckley b. 1956 American Journalist G[23]
Brendan Burke 1988–2010 American Ice hockey G[24]
Glenn Burke 1952–1995 American Baseball G[25]
Balian Buschbaum b. 1980 German Track and field T[26]
Ivan Bussens 1960-2007 English Water polo G[27]
Latasha Byears b. 1973 American Basketball L[28]
J. P. Calderon b. 1975 American Volleyball G[29]
Liz Carmouche b. 1984 American Mixed martial arts L[30]
Betty Carstairs 1900–1993 English Power boat racing L[31]
Parinya Charoenphol b. 1981 Thai Boxing T[32]
Natalie Cook b. 1975 Australian Beach volleyball L[33]
Gottfried von Cramm 1909–1976 German Tennis B[34]
Toller Cranston b. 1949 Canadian Figure skating B[35]
John Curry 1949–1994 English Figure skating G[36]
Donal Óg Cusack b. 1977 Irish Hurling G[37]
Steven Davies b. 1986 English Cricket G[38]
Michael Dos Santos b. ? Brazilian Volleyball G[39]
Robert Dover b. 1956 American Equestrian G[40]
Nancy Drolet b. 1973 Canadian Hockey L[41]
Michelle Duff b. 1939 Canadian Motorcycle racing T[42]
Michelle Dumaresq b. ? Canadian Mountain biking T[43]
Imke Duplitzer b. 1975 German Fencing L[44]
Justin Fashanu 1961–1998 English Soccer G[45]
Freda du Faur 1882–1935 Australian Mountaineering L[46]
Gigi Fernández b. 1964 Puerto-Rican Tennis L[47]
Edward Gal b. 1970 Dutch Equestrian G[48]
Rudy Galindo b. 1969 American Figure skating G[49]
Vicky Galindo b. 1983 American Softball B[50]
Ed Gallagher 1958–2005 American American football G[51]
Melanie Garside-Wight b. 1979 English Soccer L[52]
Terry Garvin ?-1998 Canadian Wrestling G[53]
Jane Geddes b. 1960 American Golf L[54]
Missy Giove b. 1972 American Mountain biking L[55]
Bobby Goldsmith 1946–1983 Australian Swimming G[56]
Andrew Goldstein b. 1983 American Lacrosse G[57]
LZ Granderson b. ? American Journalist G[58]
Emile Griffith b. 1938 American Boxing B[59]
Joan Guetschow b. 1966 American Biathlon L[60]
Peter Häggström b. 1976 Swedish Track and field G[61]
Matthew Hall b. 1970 Canadian Figure skating G[62]
Gro Hammerseng b. 1980 Norwegian Handball L[63]
Kyle Hawkins b. 1970 American Lacrosse G[64]
Bruce Hayes b. 1963 American Swimming G[65]
Sandra Haynie b. 1943 American Golf L[66]
Isabell Herlovsen b. 1988 Norwegian Soccer L[67]
Ursula Holl b. 1982 German Soccer L[68]
Erika Holst b. 1979 Swedish Ice hockey L[69]
Mia Hundvin b. 1977 Norwegian Handball B[70]
Anton Hysén b. 1990 Swedish Soccer G[71]
Helen Jacobs 1908–1997 American Tennis L[72]
Angela James b. 1964 Canadian Hockey L[73]
Patrick Jeffrey b. 1965 American Diving G[74]
Dorte Dalum Jensen b. 1978 Danish Soccer L[75]
Gus Johnston b. 1979 Australian Field Hockey G[76]
Rosie Jones b. 1959 American Golf L[77]
Orlando Jordan b. 1974 American Wrestling B[78]
Natasha Kai b. 1983 American Soccer L[44]
Chris Kanyon 1970–2010 American Wrestling G[79]
Peter Karlsson 1966–1995 Swedish Ice hockey G[80]
Johan Kenkhuis b. 1980 Dutch Swimming G[81]
Billie Jean King b. 1943 American Tennis B[82]
Ilana Kloss b. 1956 American Tennis L[83]
David Kopay b. 1942 American American football G[84]
Daniel Kowalski b. 1975 Australian Swimming G[85]
Andreas Krieger b. 1966 German Track and field T[86]
Jessica Landström b. 1984 Swedish Soccer L[87]
Lauren Lappin b. 1984 American Softball L[88]
Mark Leduc 1962–2009 Canadian Boxing G[89]
Ylva Lindberg b. 1976 Swedish Ice hockey L[69]
Greg Louganis b. 1960 American Diving G[90]
Hana Mandlíková b. 1962 Czech Tennis L[91]
Christy Martin b. 1968 American Boxing L[92]
Amélie Mauresmo b. 1979 French Tennis L[93]
Robert McCall 1958–1991 Canadian Figure skating G[94]
Ray McDonald 1944–1993 American American football G[95]
Lindsy McLean b. ? American American football G[96]
Linda Medalen b. 1965 Norwegian Soccer L[97]
Harriet Metcalf b. 1958 American Rowing L[98]
Hans Peter Minderhoud b. 1973 Dutch Equestrian G[48]
Matthew Mitcham b. 1988 Australian Diving G[99]
Chris Morgan b. 1973 English Powerlifting G[100]
Jim Morris b. 1935 American Bodybuilding G[101]
Martina Navratilova b. 1956 Czech-American Tennis L[102]
Ondrej Nepela 1951–1989 Slovakian Figure skating G[35]
Robert Newton b. 1981 English Track and field G[103]
Bente Nordby b. 1974 Norwegian Soccer L[75]
Scott Norton b. 1982 American Bowling G[104]
Rudolph Nureyev 1938–1993 Russian Dancer G[105]
Diana Nyad b. 1949 American Swimming L[106]
Katja Nyberg b. 1979 Swedish Handball L[107]
Graeme Obree b. 1965 Scottish Cycling G[108]
Ryan O'Meara b. 1984 American Ice dancing G[109]
Brian Orser b. 1961 Canadian Figure skating G[110]
Nigel Owens b. 1971 Welsh Rugby referee G[111]
Dave Pallone b. 1951 American Baseball umpire G[112]
Bob Paris b. 1959 American Bodybuilding G[113]
Sandy Parker b. 1952 Canadian Wrestling L[114]
Lily Parr 1905–1978 English Soccer L[115]
Pat Patterson b. 1941 Canadian Wrestling G[116]
Lee Pearson b. 1974 English Equestrian G[117]
Otto Peltzer 1900–1970 German Track and field G[118]
Mike Penner 1957–2009 American Journalist T[119]
Beate Peters b. 1959 German Track and field L[22]
David Pichler b. 1968 American Diving G[120]
Aslie Pitter b. 1960 English Soccer G[121]
Brian Pockar 1959–1992 Canadian Figure skating G[94]
Hope Powell b. 1966 English Soccer L[122]
Lisa Raymond b. 1973 American Tennis L[123]
Renée Richards b. 1934 American Tennis T[124]
Ian Roberts b. 1965 Australian Rugby G[125]
Ronald Robertson 1937–2000 American Figure skating G[126]
Petra Rossner b. 1966 German Cycling L[11]
Olivier Rouyer b. 1955 French Soccer G[127]
Matthew Rush b. 1972 American Bodybuilding G[128]
Jaiyah Saelua b. 1988 Samoan Soccer T[129]
Victoria Sandell Svensson b. 1977 Swedish Soccer L[130]
Patty Sheehan b. 1956 American Golf L[131]
Will Sheridan b. 1985 American Basketball G[132]
Eudy Simelane 1977–2008 South African Soccer L[133]
Roy Simmons b. 1956 American American football G[134]
Brian Sims b. 1978 American American football G[135]
Blake Skjellerup b. 1985 New Zealander Speed skating G[136]
Vibeke Skofterud b. 1980 Norwegian Cross country skiing B[70]
Jerry Smith 1943–1986 American American football B[137]
Judy Sowinski 1940–2011 American Roller derby L[138]
Muffin Spencer-Devlin b. 1953 American Golf L[102]
Helen Stephens b. 1994 American Track and field L[139]
Rennae Stubbs b. 1971 Australian Tennis L[123]
Pia Sundhage b. 1960 Swedish Soccer L[140]
Sheryl Swoopes b. 1971 American Basketball B[141]
Blyth Tait b. 1961 New Zealander Equestrian G[142]
David Testo b. 1981 American Soccer G[143]
Mark Tewksbury b. 1968 Canadian Swimming G[98]
Carole Thate b. 1971 Dutch Field hockey L[10]
Gareth Thomas b. 1974 Welsh Rugby G[144]
Bill Tilden 1893–1953 American Tennis G[145]
Ted Tinling 1910–1990 English Tennis G[146]
Esera Tuaolo b. 1968 American American football G[147]
Sarah Vaillancourt b. 1985 Canadian Ice hockey L[70]
Louis Van Amstel b. 1972 American Dancer G[148]
Michele Van Gorp b. 1977 American Basketball L[149]
Dan Veatch b. 1965 American Swimming G[150]
Mike Verschuur b. 1987 Dutch Automobile racing G[151]
Lisa-Marie Vizaniari b. 1971 Australian Track and field; Boxing L[152]
Tom Waddell 1937–1987 American Decathlon; Creator of the Gay Games. G[153]
Louisa Wall b. 1972 New Zealander Rugby L[154]
Ji Wallace b. 1977 Australian Gymnastics G[155]
Ann Wauters b. 1980 Belgian Basketball L[156]
Johnny Weir b. 1984 American Figure skating G[157]
Rick Welts b. 1953 American Basketball executive G[158]
Peter Wherrett 1936–2009 Australian Automobile racing T[159]
Diane Whipple 1968–2001 American Lacrosse L[160]
Sue Wicks b. 1966 American Basketball L[161]
Marieke Wijsman b. 1975 Dutch Speed skating L[162]
David Wilson b. ? Canadian Figure skating G[163]
Andrea Worrall b. 1977 Welsh Soccer L[164]
Ireen Wüst b. 1986 Dutch Speed skating L[70]
Alissa Wykes b. ? American American football L[165]
Cyd Zeigler, Jr. b. 1973 American Journalist G[166]

[edit] See also


[edit] References

  1. ^ Entries with no sourced year of birth available are marked with a "?".
  2. ^ All entries contain a reliably sourced reference. Entries may also contain a letter indicating Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and/or Transgender.
  3. ^ Zeigler Jr., Cyd (5 April 2011). "A Gay Gymnast is Champion Again. Graham Ackerman wins back-to-back national championships". Outsports. http://www.outsports.com/campus/050411gymchamps.htm. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  4. ^ "Algemeen: Marilyn Agliotti: 'Word je eigen held'" (in Dutch). Zij aan Zij. 14 March 2011. http://www.zijaanzij.nl/nieuws/2599/Marilyn-Agliotti-Word-je-eigen-held.html. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 
  5. ^ Buzinski, Jim (2 March 2001). "The importance of being out". Outsports. http://www.outsports.com/outreach/harvardfolo.htm. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  6. ^ Brady, Erik (3 November 2011). "Transgender male Kye Allums on the women's team at GW". USAToday. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/womensbasketball/atlantic10/2010-11-03-kye-allums-george-washington-transgender_N.htm. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 
  7. ^ Whittell, Ian (7 February 2007). "I'm gay, says British basketball star: John Amaechi is first male basketball player to come out in US". The Times (London). http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/us-sport/article2370900.ece. Retrieved 23 May 2007. 
  8. ^ Paul, Newberry (11 February 2009). "Mixed Signals For Gay Athletes". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/07/08/national/main628303.shtml. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 
  9. ^ "Angerer bekennt sich zu Männern und Frauen" (in German). Die Zeit. 2 December 2010. http://www.zeit.de/sport-newsticker/2010/12/2/261288xml. Retrieved 11 January 2012. 
  10. ^ a b Hannan, Liz (1 July 2007). "Divided in sport, united in love". The Sunday Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/divided-in-sport-united-in-love/2007/06/30/1182624235011.html. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  11. ^ a b "German cyclist Arndt livid over exclusion of lesbian lover". ABC News (Australia). 16 August 2004. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-08-16/german-cyclist-arndt-livid-over-exclusion-of/2026710. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  12. ^ Bagger, Mianne (2 October 2009). "About Mianne Bagger". http://www.miannegolf.com/about.php. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  13. ^ France, Louise (9 December 2006). "One year of being Mr and Mr". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/theobserver/2006/dec/10/features.review37. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 
  14. ^ Hogan, Hulk (2002). Hollywood Hulk Hogan. Simon and Schuster. p. 45. ISBN 0743475569. http://books.google.com/books?id=ctSR_k_960UC&pg=PA45&dq=%22jim+barnett%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SggJT_r7I-Xz0gHZ_NDAAw&sqi=2&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=%22jim%20barnett%22&f=false. 
  15. ^ Hargreaves, Jennifer (2000). Heroines of sport: the politics of difference and identity. Psychology Press. p. 140. ISBN 0415228492. http://books.google.com/books?id=lnmtrsuLe10C&pg=PA140&dq=%22betty+baxter%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TgwJT8r9GoOatwflvqHSBg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22betty%20baxter%22&f=false. 
  16. ^ Bean, Billy (12 July 2003). "Billy Bean". http://billybean.com/bio.asp. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  17. ^ Starke, Amy Martinez (19 April 200c). "Life Story: Shelley Beattie". The Oregonian. http://blog.oregonlive.com/lifestories/2008/04/life_story_shelley_beattie.html. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 
  18. ^ Roström-Andersson, Sofia (20 December 2011). "Kajsa Bergqvist kommer ut" (in Swedish). Aftonbladet. http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article14107440.ab. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 
  19. ^ Hansen, Asle (28 April 2001). "Homohetsen fikk Thomas til å legge opp" (in Norwegian). Dagbladet. http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/2001/04/28/254800.html. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  20. ^ "Mark Bingham". The Advocate: p. 45. 23 October 2001. http://books.google.com/books?id=IGUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA45&dq=%22mark+bingham%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xCYJT6WoBYfMtgfY3KDcBA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22mark%20bingham%22&f=false. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 
  21. ^ Kuhn, Gabriel (2011). Soccer Vs. the State: Tackling Football and Radical Politics. PM Press. p. 99. ISBN 1604860537. http://books.google.com/books?id=BwmsLxiWvnwC&lpg=PA101&dq=%22John%20Blankenstein%22&pg=PA99#v=onepage&q=%22John%20Blankenstein%22&f=false. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 
  22. ^ a b Harms, Carsten (20 July 1999). "Alter Siegeswille mit neuen Trainern" (in German). Die Welt. http://www.welt.de/print-welt/article577688/Alter_Siegeswille_mit_neuen_Trainern.html. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 
  23. ^ Buckley, Steve (6 January 2011). "Welcome to my coming-out party". Boston Herald. http://bostonherald.com/news/columnists/view/20110106welcome_to_my_coming-out_party. Retrieved 15 January 2012. 
  24. ^ Mirtle, James (6 February 2010). "Leafs Win One for Brian Burke". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/leafs-win-one-for-brian-burke/article1458954/. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  25. ^ "Glenn Burke, an Openly Gay Baseball Player, Dies". Reuters. 1 June 1995. http://www.aegis.org/news/ads/1995/AD951004.html. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  26. ^ "German pole-vaulter Yvonne Buschbaum retires, plans hormone treatment". Associated Press. 21 November 2007. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=trackandfield&id=3122535. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  27. ^ Collins, Philip (24 October 2007). "Obituary: Ivan Bussens". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2007/oct/25/obituaries.guardianobituaries. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  28. ^ Kobrin, Sandra; Levin, Jason (21 August 2005). "The Glass Closet". Los Angeles Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/884805241.html?dids=884805241:884805241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+21%2C+2005&author=Sandra+Kobrin+and+Jason+Levin&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=I.10&desc=Cover+story. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  29. ^ "Survival of the Fittest". Instinct. 1 February 2007. http://instinctmagazine.com/archives/cover-story/jp-calderon-survival-of-the-fittest. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  30. ^ McManus, Bridget (22 July 2011). "Afternoon delight". AfterEllen.com. http://www.afterellen.com/afternoon-delight-2011-07-22. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
  31. ^ Summerscale, Kate (August 1997). The Queen of Whale Cay: The Eccentric Story of ‘Joe’ Carstairs, Fastest Woman on Water. Fourth Estate. ISBN 1857023609. 
  32. ^ Laura, Greene (25 March 2004). "Thai "Ladyboy" Kickboxer Is Gender-Bending Knockout". National Geographic. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/03/0325_040325_TVthirdsex.html. Retrieved 13 January 2012. 
  33. ^ "Gold Medallist Natalie Cook marries Sarah Marshall". The Courier-Mail. 30 November 2008. http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/cook-marries-volleyballer/story-e6freq7x-1111118183753. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  34. ^ Fisher, Marshall Jon (2009). A terrible splendor: three extraordinary men, a world poised for war, and the greatest tennis match ever played. Random House Digital, Inc.. p. 49. ISBN 0307393941. http://books.google.com/books?id=Or9G72yAd9QC&lpg=PP1&dq=homosexual&pg=PA49#v=snippet&q=homosexual&f=false. 
  35. ^ a b Cranston, Toller; Martha Lowder Kimball (2000). When Hell Freezes Over: Should I Bring My Skates?. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 0771023375. 
  36. ^ "On This Day, February 11: 1976: John Curry skates to Olympic gold". BBC. 11 February 1976. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/11/newsid_4504000/4504532.stm. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  37. ^ "GAA star Donal Og Cusack: Teammates helped me through ordeal of revealing I am gay". The Belfast Telegraph. 20 October 2009. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/gaa-star-donal-og-cusack-teammates-helped-me-through-ordeal-of-revealing-i-am-gay-14536491.html. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  38. ^ Evans, Martin (27 February 2011). "Steven Davies: England cricketer announces he is gay". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/8350779/Steven-Davies-England-cricketer-announces-he-is-gay.html. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  39. ^ Barbassa, Juliana (6 May 2011). "Brazil athlete comes out after homophobic slurs". NBC Sports. http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/42934667/ns/sports/. Retrieved 10 January 2012. 
  40. ^ Allen, Dan (13 April 2004). "The lonely gay Olympian". The Advocate. p. 46. http://books.google.com/?id=EGUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  41. ^ Webb, Margaret (5 September 2002). "Team Canada athlete comes out". Xtra!. http://archives.xtra.ca/Story.aspx?s=14661193. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  42. ^ Duff, Michelle (1999). The Mike Duff Story: Make Haste Slowly. Toronto: Mad8 Publishing. pp. 366. 
  43. ^ Kingston, Gary (3 August 2006). "Banned for mocking transgendered winner: Podium protest earns second-place cyclist censure". The Vancouver Sun. http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=b49de62b-e7dc-4699-83ab-ada11000f500&k=13397. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  44. ^ a b Stern, Keith (2009). Queers in History: The Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Historical Gays, Lesbians and Bisexuals. BenBella Books. p. 327. ISBN 1933771879. 
  45. ^ Allen, Matt (August 2004). "Justin Fashanu". attitude. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070313134042/http://www.gfsn.org.uk/a_fashanu.htm. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  46. ^ Irwin, Sally (2000). Between heaven and earth: the life of a mountaineer, Freda du Faur 1882-1935. White Crane Press. ISBN 0957818300. 
  47. ^ Gross, Larry P. (2001). Up from invisibility: lesbians, gay men, and the media in America. Columbia University Press. p. 203. ISBN 0231119534. 
  48. ^ a b "Edward Gal and Hans Peter Minderhoud, One Track Minds". Eurodressage.com. 10 January 2010. http://www.eurodressage.com/equestrian/2008/01/10/edward-gal-and-hans-peter-minderhoud-one-track-minds. Retrieved 8 January 2012. 
  49. ^ Brennan, Christine (1997). Inside Edge: A Revealing Journey into the Secret World of Figure Skating. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 0385486073. 
  50. ^ "A league of her own". The Advocate. 26 August 2008. http://books.google.com/books?id=bykRAQAAMAAJ&q=%22vicky+galindo%22+bisexual&dq=%22vicky+galindo%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pc8JT6q_HOLx0gHPocXFAg&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ. Retrieved 8 January 2012. 
  51. ^ "Ed Gallagher, who turned suicide attempt to activism, dies". Outsports. 13 May 2005. http://www.outsports.com/difference/gallagher.htm. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  52. ^ "Wedding of the sporting girls". Halifax Courier. 1 June 2010. http://www.halifaxcourier.co.uk/news/local/wedding_of_the_sporting_girls_1_1948917. Retrieved 8 January 2012. 
  53. ^ "Terry Garvin: A career overshadowed". Canadian Online Explorer. 22 December 2005. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2005/12/22/1365103.html. Retrieved 10 January 2012. 
  54. ^ Crouse, Karen (29 August 2010). "A Dream Deferred, Almost Too Long". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/30/sports/tennis/30motherhood.html?ref=tennis. Retrieved 8 January 2012. 
  55. ^ Allen, Christina (18 August 1998). "Missy Giove: Being a lesbian is just part of this mountain-bike champion's radical appeal". The Advocate. http://books.google.com/books?id=BWQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA50&dq=missy+giove+lesbian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IE4GT-mGKMTatwfQ0Nn_DQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=missy%20giove%20lesbian&f=false. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  56. ^ "Who Was Bobby Goldsmith?". Bobby Goldsmith Foundation. http://www.bgf.org.au/site/index.php?pageID=181. Retrieved 10 January 2012. 
  57. ^ Garber, Greg (27 May 2005). "Now I get to be like everybody else". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/news/story?id=2069239&num=0. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  58. ^ Granderson, LZ (8 February 2007). "Another ex-athlete comes out? Not impressed". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=granderson/070207. Retrieved 15 January 2012. 
  59. ^ Smith, Gary (18 April 2005). "The Shadow Boxer". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2005/magazine/04/12/griffith0418/index.html. Retrieved 8 January 2012. 
  60. ^ Belge, Kathy (15 September 2005). "One Lesbian Olympian's Story". About.com. http://lesbianlife.about.com/od/lesbiansinsports/a/LesbianOlmypian.htm. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  61. ^ Backlund, Anders (14 November 2009). "Komma ut svårare än OS-kval" (in Swedish). [[QX (magazine)|]]. http://www.qx.se/12375/komma-ut-svarare-an-oskval. Retrieved 13 January 2012. 
  62. ^ Adams, Mary Louise (2011). Artistic Impressions: Figure Skating, Masculinity, and the Limits of Sport. University of Toronto Press. p. 63. ISBN 1442611715. http://books.google.com/books?id=K9S51Nlc5LEC&pg=PA63&dq=%22matthew+hall%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JVAGT_DyLIXW0QHqhoDJAg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22matthew%20hall%22&f=false. 
  63. ^ Stern, Keith (2009). Queers in History: The Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Historical Gays, Lesbians and Bisexuals. BenBella Books. p. 326. ISBN 1933771879. 
  64. ^ Garber, Greg (25 May 2007). "Is gay coach's dismissal a cautionary tale?". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/columns/story?columnist=garber_greg&id=2881802. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
  65. ^ "Bruce Hayes". Archived from the original on 19 March 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070319153706/http://www.gaygames.com/en/participants/ambassadors/hayes.htm. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
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  165. ^ DuLong, Jessica (19 February 2002). "Out in the Field". The Advocate. http://books.google.com/books?id=62IEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=%22alissa+wykes%22+lesbian&source=bl&ots=s5wmwP65l2&sig=P3zmzwQ0kT5dHZbZjfY1PDv0r04&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Bt4ET_DuAYPhggfLiNyiAg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=%22alissa%20wykes%22%20lesbian&f=false. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  166. ^ "About Us". Outsports. November 2000. http://www.outsports.com/founders.htm. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 
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