Salar language: Difference between revisions
→Writing system: salars never had their own "turk script, and the whole sentence is unsourcd |
→Writing system: im afraid since this has no source, this table has to be removed. section will be expanded with sources on arabic script usage |
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==Writing system== |
==Writing system== |
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Salar used to be written in Arabic script, |
Salar used to be written in Arabic script, |
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{| style="margin:0.2em auto;padding:0;border:1px solid #ced8df;clear:{{{clear|both}}};width:{{{width|36em}}};" |
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! colspan="30" style="background:#efefef;"|Alphabet |
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|- lang="slr" |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[A]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[a]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[B]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[b]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[C]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[c]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[Ç]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[ç]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[D]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[d]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[E]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[e]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[F]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[f]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[G]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[g]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[Ğ]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[ğ]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[H]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[h]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[I]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[ı]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[İ]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[i]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[K]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[k]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[L]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[l]] |
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|- lang="slr" |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[M]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[m]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[N]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[n]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[Ñ]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[ñ]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[O]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[o]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[Ö]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[ö]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[P]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[p]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[Q]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[q]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[R]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[r]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[S]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[s]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[Ş]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[ş]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[T]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[t]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[U]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[u]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[Ü]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[ü]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[V]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[v]] |
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|- lang="slr" |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[X]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[x]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[Y]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[y]] |
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|style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"|[[Z]] |
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|style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"|[[z]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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Revision as of 02:25, 6 January 2011
| Salar | |
|---|---|
| Salırça سالارچا | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Qinghai, Gansu |
Native speakers | 70,000 |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | tut |
| ISO 639-3 | slr |
| ELP | Salar |
Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China; some also live in Ghulja, Xinjiang. The Salar number about 90,000 people, of whom about 70,000 speak the Salar language; the remaining 20,000 speak Chinese.
The Salar arrived at their current location in the 14th century, having migrated there from the west, according to a Salar legend from Samarkand. Linguistic evidence points to a possible western Turkic, Oghuz origin of the Salar. Contemporary Salar is heavily influenced by contact with Tibetan and Chinese.
Phonology
Salar phonology has been influenced by Tibetan and Chinese. In addition, /k, q/ and /g, ɢ/ have become separate phonemes due to loanwords, as it has in other Turkic languages.[1]
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Alveolopatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ||||||
| Affricate | t͡ʂ | d͡ʐ | t͡ɕ | d͡ʑ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʂ | ɕ | x | ʁ | h | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||||
| Approximant | l r | j | ||||||||||||
Salar vowels are as in Turkish, with the back vowels a, ɨ, o u and the corresponding front vowels e, i, ø, y.[2]
Chinese and Tibetan Influence
In Amdo, Salar language has heavy Chinese and Tibetan influence. It was originally turkic, but major linguistic structures have been absorbed from Chinese. Around 20% of the vocabulary is of Chinese origin, and 10% is also of Tibetan origin. Yet the official Communist Chinese government policy deliberately covers up these influences in academic and linguistics studies, trying to emphasize the Turkic element and completely ignoring the Chinese in the Salar language.[3] The Salar use the Chinese writing system since they do not have their own.[4] Salar language has taken loans and influence from neighboring Chinese languages.[5]
Writing system
Salar used to be written in Arabic script,
Notes
- ^ a b Dwyer, 2007 & 96
- ^ Dwyer (2007:121)
- ^ William Safran (1998). Nationalism and ethnoregional identities in China. Psychology Press. p. 72. ISBN 071464921X. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ^ Thammy Evans (2006). Great Wall of China: Beijing & Northern China. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 42. ISBN 1841621587. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ^ Raymond Hickey (2010). The Handbook of Language Contact. John Wiley and Sons. p. 664. ISBN 140517580X. Retrieved 2010-6-28.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help)
Sources
- Hahn, R. F. 1988. Notes on the Origin and Development of the Salar Language, Acta Orientalia Hungarica XLII (2–3), 235–237.
- Dwyer, A. 1996. Salar Phonology. Unpublished dissertation University of Washington.
- Dwyer, A. M. 1998. The Turkic strata of Salar: An Oghuz in Chaghatay clothes? Turkic Languages 2, 49–83.
References
- Dwyer, Arienne M (2007). Salar: A Study in Inner Asian Language Contact Processes; Part 1: Phonology. Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 3-447-04091-2.
External links
- Abstract of Article on Salar, includes some phrases (The Salar is written in Chinese Pinyin, not the Salar alphabet)
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