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| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| name = Ibn al-Najjār
| name = Ibn al-Najjār<br/>({{lang-ar-at|ابن النجار}})
| title = Muḥibb al-Dīn<br/>[[Hafiz (Quran)|Al-Ḥāfiẓ]]
| title = Muḥibb al-Dīn<br/>[[Hafiz (Quran)|Al-Ḥāfiẓ]]
| birth_date = 1183 CE/ 578 AH
| birth_date = 1183 CE/ 578 AH
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| ethnicity =
| ethnicity =
| region = [[Iraq]]
| region = [[Iraq]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Shafi'i]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Munt |first1=Harry |last2=Henry |first2=Thomas |last3=Munt |first3=Robert |authorlink= |title=The Holy City of Medina Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]| date=31 July 2014 |isbn=9781107042131 |page=88}}</ref>
| jurisprudence = [[Shafi'i]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Munt |first1=Harry |last2=Henry |first2=Thomas |last3=Munt |first3=Robert |authorlink= |title=The Holy City of Medina Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]| date=31 July 2014 |isbn=9781107042131 |page=88}}</ref>
|creed = [[Ash'ari]]
| creed = [[Ash'ari]]
| main_interests = [[Hadith]], [[History]]
| main_interests = [[Hadith]], [[History]]
| notable_ideas =
| notable_ideas =
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}}
}}


'''Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd b. al-Ḥasan b. Hibatallāh b. Maḥāsin al-Baghdādī, Muḥibb al-Dīn Ibn al-Najjār''' ({{lang-ar-at|محب الدين ابن النجار}}), commonly known as '''Ibn al-Najjār''', was a [[Baghdad]]i [[Sunni]] scholar of the late [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid era]].<ref name="introduction">{{cite journal|title=Ibn al-Najjār, Muḥibb al-Dīn |first=Vanessa|last=Van Renterghem|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ibn-al-najjar-muhibb-al-din-COM_30957|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE |volume=|year=2015|pages=|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30957}}</ref> He is regarded as the leading [[Hadith studies|muhaddith]] of his age and the leading authority on [[Biography|biographical history]] as well.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Ibn-al-Najjār: A Neglected Arabic Historian|first=Farah|last=Caesar|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/596555|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=84.No3|year=1964|pages=220–230|doi=10.2307/596555}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=van Donzel |first1=E.J. |authorlink= |title=Islamic Desk Reference Compiled from The Encyclopaedia of Islam | publisher=[[Brill Academic Publishers|Brill]]| date=17 January 2022 |isbn=9789004505056 |page=158}}</ref> He was a pupil of [[Ibn al-Dubaythi]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Knysh |first1=Alexander D. |title=Ibn ʻArabi in the Later Islamic Tradition The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam|publisher=[[State University of New York Press]]|date=1999|isbn=9780791439685|pages=29–287}}</ref>
'''Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd b. al-Ḥasan b. Hibatallāh b. Maḥāsin al-Baghdādī, Muḥibb al-Dīn Ibn al-Najjār''', commonly known as '''Ibn al-Najjār''' ({{lang-ar-at|ابن النجار}}), was a [[Baghdad]]i [[Sunni]] scholar of the late [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid era]].<ref name="introduction">{{cite journal|title=Ibn al-Najjār, Muḥibb al-Dīn |first=Vanessa|last=Van Renterghem|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ibn-al-najjar-muhibb-al-din-COM_30957|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE |volume=|year=2015|pages=|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30957}}</ref> He is regarded as the leading [[Shafi'i]] [[muhaddith]] of his age and the leading authority on [[Biography|biographical history]] as well.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Ibn-al-Najjār: A Neglected Arabic Historian|first=Farah|last=Caesar|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/596555|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=84.No3|year=1964|pages=220–230|doi=10.2307/596555}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=van Donzel |first1=E.J. |authorlink= |title=Islamic Desk Reference Compiled from The Encyclopaedia of Islam | publisher=[[Brill Academic Publishers|Brill]]| date=17 January 2022 |isbn=9789004505056 |page=158}}</ref> He was the senior pupil of [[Ibn al-Dubaythi]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Knysh |first1=Alexander D. |title=Ibn ʻArabi in the Later Islamic Tradition The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam|publisher=[[State University of New York Press]]|date=1999|isbn=9780791439685|pages=29–287}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
===Early life===
===Early life===
Born into a modest family, he was son of the leader carpenter of the Dar al-Khilafah located in the Abbasid Palace of [[Baghdad]]. His father died when he was eight and his older brother Ali began raising him instead. Ali was a textile seller who had knowledge in calculation of inheritance, anecdotes, and history. Ibn al-Najjār studied the Hadith and the Qu'ran with scholars of Baghdad.<ref name="introduction" />
Ibn al - Najjār was born in [[Baghdad]] in the year of 578 AH/1183 CE.<ref name="Baghdad">{{cite book|author=Isabel Toral, Jens Scheiner|title=Baghdād - From Its Beginnings to the 14th Century|publisher=[[Brill Academic Publishers|Brill]]|date=25 July 2022|isbn=9789004513372|page=801}}</ref> Born into a modest family, he was son of the leader carpenter of the Dar al-Khilafah located in the Abbasid Palace of [[Baghdad]]. His father died when he was eight and his older brother Ali began raising him instead. Ali was a textile seller who had knowledge in calculation of inheritance, anecdotes, and history. Ibn al-Najjār studied the [[Hadith studies|Hadith]] and the [[Qur'an]] with scholars of Baghdad.<ref name="introduction" />


===Travel and Return===
===Education===
When he was twenty-eight, he travelled to the [[Hejaz]] ([[Mecca]] & [[Medina]]), the [[Levant]], [[Egypt]], [[Khurasan]], [[Herat]], and [[Nishapur]], studying with sheikhs. Ibn al-Najjar had over 3000 teachers with 400 of his teachers being women.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://productivemuslim.com/al-muhaddithat-the-women-scholars-in-islam/|title=Al-Muhaddithat – The Women Scholars in Islam |website=productivemuslim.com}}</ref><ref name="story">{{cite web |url=https://www.islamstory.com/ar/artical/3407789/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A|title=Ibn al-Najjar al-Baghdadi |website=islamstory.com}}</ref> He was heard in every city he stayed in, and established himself as the worlds most famous memorizer.<ref>Ibn al-Futi. Summary of the Complex of Arts in the Dictionary of Nicknames. Part V. Translation 707. Lahore Edition in Pakistan</ref>
When he was twenty-eight, he travelled to the [[Hejaz]] ([[Mecca]] & [[Medina]]), the [[Levant]], [[Egypt]], [[Khurasan]], [[Herat]], and [[Nishapur]], studying with sheikhs.<ref name="Biography">{{cite web|url=https://www.islamstory.com/ar/artical/3407789/ابن-النجار-البغدادي|title=Biography of Ibn al-Najjar|language=Arabic|website=islamstory.com|archive-url=https://archive.ph/0YXJp|archive-date=31 May 2024}}</ref> Ibn al-Najjar had over 3000 teachers with 400 of his teachers being women.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nadwi|first1=Akram|authorlink=Akram Nadwi|title=Al-Muḥaddithāt - The Women Scholars in Islam|url=https://productivemuslim.com/al-muhaddithat-the-women-scholars-in-islam/|publisher=Interface Publications|date=2006|isbn=9780955454523}}</ref> He was heard in every city he stayed in, and established himself as the worlds most famous memorizer.<ref>Ibn al-Futi. Summary of the Complex of Arts in the Dictionary of Nicknames. Part V. Translation 707. Lahore Edition in Pakistan</ref>


Then he returned to Baghdad and studied history. He left for [[Isfahan]] for about a year (620 AH/1223 CE), then made the [[Hajj]] (pilgrimage) to [[Mecca]], then moved to Egypt, then returned to [[Baghdad]].<ref name="story" />
Then he returned to Baghdad and studied history. He left for [[Isfahan]] for about a year (620 AH/1223 CE), then made the [[Hajj]] (pilgrimage) to [[Mecca]], then moved to Egypt, then returned to [[Baghdad]].<ref name="Biography" />


===Teaching===
===Career===
When the [[Mustansiriya Madrasah|Al-Mustansiriya School]] was opened in Baghdad in the year (630 AH/1233 AD), Ibn al-Najjar was appointed as a teacher of the science of hadith in it, and he was known for his humility, piety, and good delivery.<ref name="story" />
After more than 20 years of travelling, he became the director of the newly founded [[Mustansiriya Madrasah|Al-Mustansiriya School]] which was opened in Baghdad in the year (630 AH/1233 AD). In this new institution, he would teach the science of hadith and was known for his humility, piety, and good delivery. He held the post until his death.<ref name="Biography" /><ref name="Baghdad" />


===Death===
===Death===
He died on the fifth of Sha’ban in the year at the age of sixty-five years. He did not leave an heir, and his legacy was twenty dinars and the clothes of his body, and he bequeathed that they be given in alms, and he was buried in the tombs of the martyrs at Bab Harb in Baghdad.<ref name="story" />
His death was on Tuesday, the fifth of Shaban of the year (643 AH = 1246 AD). Prayers were offered over him in the [[Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad|Nizamiyya school]], and a large crowd witnessed his funeral. He was buried in the martyrs cemetery in Bab Harb, Baghdad.<ref name="Biography" />


==Works==
==Works==

Revision as of 10:31, 31 May 2024

Ibn al-Najjār
(Arabic: ابن النجار)
TitleMuḥibb al-Dīn
Al-Ḥāfiẓ
Personal
Born1183 CE/ 578 AH
Baghdad
Died1246 (aged 62–63)
Baghdad
ReligionIslam
EraLate Abbasid era
RegionIraq
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i[1]
CreedAsh'ari
Main interest(s)Hadith, History
Notable work(s)History of Baghdad
OccupationMuhaddith, Scholar, Historian
Muslim leader
Influenced by

Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd b. al-Ḥasan b. Hibatallāh b. Maḥāsin al-Baghdādī, Muḥibb al-Dīn Ibn al-Najjār, commonly known as Ibn al-Najjār (Arabic: ابن النجار), was a Baghdadi Sunni scholar of the late Abbasid era.[2] He is regarded as the leading Shafi'i muhaddith of his age and the leading authority on biographical history as well.[3][4] He was the senior pupil of Ibn al-Dubaythi.[5]

Biography

Early life

Ibn al - Najjār was born in Baghdad in the year of 578 AH/1183 CE.[6] Born into a modest family, he was son of the leader carpenter of the Dar al-Khilafah located in the Abbasid Palace of Baghdad. His father died when he was eight and his older brother Ali began raising him instead. Ali was a textile seller who had knowledge in calculation of inheritance, anecdotes, and history. Ibn al-Najjār studied the Hadith and the Qur'an with scholars of Baghdad.[2]

Education

When he was twenty-eight, he travelled to the Hejaz (Mecca & Medina), the Levant, Egypt, Khurasan, Herat, and Nishapur, studying with sheikhs.[7] Ibn al-Najjar had over 3000 teachers with 400 of his teachers being women.[8] He was heard in every city he stayed in, and established himself as the worlds most famous memorizer.[9]

Then he returned to Baghdad and studied history. He left for Isfahan for about a year (620 AH/1223 CE), then made the Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca, then moved to Egypt, then returned to Baghdad.[7]

Career

After more than 20 years of travelling, he became the director of the newly founded Al-Mustansiriya School which was opened in Baghdad in the year (630 AH/1233 AD). In this new institution, he would teach the science of hadith and was known for his humility, piety, and good delivery. He held the post until his death.[7][6]

Death

His death was on Tuesday, the fifth of Shaban of the year (643 AH = 1246 AD). Prayers were offered over him in the Nizamiyya school, and a large crowd witnessed his funeral. He was buried in the martyrs cemetery in Bab Harb, Baghdad.[7]

Works

History

  • A [Useful] Extract from the continuation of the Ta'rikh Baghdad (al-Mustafad min Dhayl Ta'rikh Baghdad), is his magnum opus coming in 30 volumes which is an appendix to the "History of Baghdad" by Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi.[10]
  • Nuzha al-Wari fi Akhbar Umm al-Qura, a history compilation of Mecca.
  • Al-Durrah al-Thaminah fi Akhbar al-Madinah, a history compilation of Medina.
  • Manaqib Al-Shafi’i, a biography of Imam Shafi'i

Hadith

  • Al-Qamar Al-Munir fi Al-Musnad Al-Kabir, in which he mentioned the Companions and the narrators, and what each of them had from the hadith.
  • Kanz Al-Ayyam fi Ma’rifat Al-Sunan and Al-Ahkam
  • The Different and Al-Moatalif, appendix to Ibn Makula
  • The previous and the later
  • The agreement and the intersection
  • The book of titles
  • The approach of injury in the knowledge of the companions
  • Al-Kafi in the names of men
  • Attribution of hadiths to fathers and countries
  • Kitab Awaliah
  • Kitab Mu’jam, the dictionary of his sheikhs (narrators).
  • Paradise of the beholders in the knowledge of the followers
  • Perfection in the knowledge of men

Literature

  • Anwar Al-Zahr in the beauties of the poets of the era
  • Al-Azhar fi types of poetry
  • Nuzhat al-Tarf fi Akhbar Ahl al-Darf
  • Gharar al-Fawa’id full of six volumes
  • The only consolation
  • Telling the longing about the news of lovers
  • Nashwar Al-Muhadara

See also

References

  1. ^ Munt, Harry; Henry, Thomas; Munt, Robert (31 July 2014). The Holy City of Medina Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia. Cambridge University Press. p. 88. ISBN 9781107042131.
  2. ^ a b Van Renterghem, Vanessa (2015). "Ibn al-Najjār, Muḥibb al-Dīn". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30957.
  3. ^ Caesar, Farah (1964). "Ibn-al-Najjār: A Neglected Arabic Historian". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 84.No3: 220–230. doi:10.2307/596555.
  4. ^ van Donzel, E.J. (17 January 2022). Islamic Desk Reference Compiled from The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 158. ISBN 9789004505056.
  5. ^ Knysh, Alexander D. (1999). Ibn ʻArabi in the Later Islamic Tradition The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam. State University of New York Press. pp. 29–287. ISBN 9780791439685.
  6. ^ a b Isabel Toral, Jens Scheiner (25 July 2022). Baghdād - From Its Beginnings to the 14th Century. Brill. p. 801. ISBN 9789004513372.
  7. ^ a b c d "Biography of Ibn al-Najjar". islamstory.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 31 May 2024.
  8. ^ Nadwi, Akram (2006). Al-Muḥaddithāt - The Women Scholars in Islam. Interface Publications. ISBN 9780955454523.
  9. ^ Ibn al-Futi. Summary of the Complex of Arts in the Dictionary of Nicknames. Part V. Translation 707. Lahore Edition in Pakistan
  10. ^ Mustafa Azmi, Muhammad (2002). Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature. Islamic Book Trust. p. 161. ISBN 9789839154276.
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