Filipino language

Filipino
Native to	Philippines
Native speakers	(see Tagalog)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Central Philippine Tagalog Filipino
Writing system	Filipino alphabet (Latin script)
Official status
Official language in	Philippines
Regulated by	Commission on the Filipino Language (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino)
Language codes
ISO 639-1	tl
ISO 639-2	fil
ISO 639-3	fil

Filipino is the official and national language of the Philippines which are composed of 8 different major languages in the country such as Cebuano or Binisaya, Kapampangan, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Maranao. Though Filipino is patterned to Tagalog language in sentence construction but several terms in Filipino language are not available in Tagalog because the Filipino language is a mixture of the 8 majority languages of the county to form a national Language “Filipino Language”.

Filipino is a prestige register which is based in Tagalog language in sentence construction and is designated as the national language of the Philippines and as an official language (the other being English). Tagalog is a first language of about one-third of the Philippine population; it is centered around Manila but is spoken in varying degrees nationwide.

History

There was no common language in the Philippine archipelago when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century. The three major linguae francae were Tagalog, Ilocano, and Visayan. As the Philippine languages are all closely related and therefore easy for Filipinos to learn, most speakers of smaller languages spoke in two or more such regional languages.

On 12 November 1937, the first national assembly in the Philippines approved a law creating a National Language Institute to make a study and survey of each existing native language, hoping to choose which was to be the base for a standardised national language. The three main contenders were Tagalog, Visayan, and Ilocano.

On 14 July 1936, the Surián ng Wikáng Pambansâ (National Language Institute) selected Tagalog as the basis of the Wikáng Pambansâ (National Language) based on the following factors:

1. Tagalog is widely spoken and is the most understood in all the Philippine Regions;
2. It is not divided into smaller daughter languages, such as Visayan or Bikol are;
3. Its literary tradition is the richest, most developed and extensive (mirroring that of the Tuscan language vis-à-vis Italian). More books are written in Tagalog than in any other autochthonous Philippine language, but this is mainly by virtue of law and privilege;
4. Tagalog has always been the language of Manila, the political and economic centre of the Philippines during the Spanish and American Eras;
5. Tagalog was the language of the 1896 Revolution and the Katipunan.

In 1959, the language became known as Pilipino in an effort to dissociate it from the Tagalog ethnic group.

Later, the 1973 Constitution provided for a separate national language to replace Pilipino, a language which it termed Filipino. However, Article XV, Section 3(2), mentions neither Tagalog nor Pilipino as the basis for Filipino, instead calling on the National Assembly to:

take steps toward the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino.

This move has drawn much criticism from other regional groups.

In 1987, a new constitution introduced many provisions for the language. Article XIV, Section 6, omits any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and states that:

as [Filipino] evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.

And also states in the article:

Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.

and:

The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.

Republic Act No. 7104, approved on August 14, 1991, created the Commission on the Filipino Language, reporting directly to the President and tasked to undertake, coordinate and promote researches for the development, propagation and preservation of Filipino and other Philippine languages. On May 13, 1992, the commission issued Resolution 92-1, specifying that Filipino is the

indigenous written and spoken language of Metro Manila and other urban centers in the Philippines used as the language of communication of ethnic groups.

However, as with the 1973 and 1987 Constitutions, 92-1 neither went so far as to categorically identify nor dis-identify this language as Tagalog. Definite, absolute, and unambiguous interpretation of 92-1 is the prerogative of the Supreme Court in the absence of directives from the KWF, otherwise the sole legal arbiter of the Filipino language.

Filipino was presented and registered with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), by then Ateneo de Manila University student Martin Gomez, and was added to the ISO registry of languages on September 21, 2004 with it receiving the ISO 639-2 code fil. In June 2007, Ricardo Maria Nolasco, then Chair of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (Commission on the Filipino Language), acknowledged that Filipino was simply Tagalog in syntax and grammar, with as yet no grammatical element or lexicon coming from Ilocano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, or any of the other Philippine languages. He said further that this is contrary to the intention of Republic Act No. 7104 that requires that the national language be developed and enriched by the lexicon of the country's other languages, something that the commission is working towards. On August 24, 2007, Dr. Nolasco elaborated further on the relationship between Tagalog and Filipino in a separate article, as follows:

Are "Tagalog," "Pilipino" and "Filipino" different languages? No, they are mutually intelligible varieties, and therefore belong to one language. According to the KWF, Filipino is that speech variety spoken in Metro Manila and other urban centers where different ethnic groups meet. It is the most prestigious variety of Tagalog and the language used by the national mass media.

The other yardstick for distinguishing a language from a dialect is: different grammar, different language. "Filipino", "Pilipino" and "Tagalog" share identical grammar. They have the same determiners (ang, ng and sa); the same personal pronouns (siya, ako, niya, kanila, etc.); the same demonstrative pronouns (ito, iyan, doon, etc.); the same linkers (na, at and ay); the same particles (na and pa); and the same verbal affixes -in, -an, i- and -um-. In short, same grammar, same language.

On August 22, 2007, it was reported that three Malolos City regional trial courts in Bulacan decided to use Filipino, instead of English, in order to promote the national language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as model courts, had undergone training at Marcelo H. del Pilar College of Law of Bulacan State University following a directive from the Supreme Court of the Philippines. De la Rama said it was the dream of Chief Justice Reynato Puno to implement the program in other areas such as Laguna, Cavite, Quezon, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Rizal, and Metro Manila.

Filipino vs. Tagalog

Filipino may refer to either the Filipino language which was formed and organized by President Quezon from the 8 majority languages of the Philippines, or to the people as Filipino the citizen of the Philippines.

Tagalog refers to the native people who are born and grew up in Manila and Tagalog regions and the native vernacular language spoken in Manila and surrounding Tagalog regions.

"Filipino" is sometimes described as "Tagalog-based" as the sentence construction is patterned in Tagalog. Filipino people who are speaking "Filipino" could not be fully understood by Tagalog people because tagalog as their language is a language that is based in Manila while Filipino language is mixed and based from 8 majority language if the Philippines, part of a political fiction that the national language is based on an amalgam of Philippine languages rather than on Tagalog alone. It is usually called Filipino within the Philippines and among Filipinos to differentiate it from other Philippine languages, but it has come to be known as Filipino to differentiate it from the languages of other countries; the former implies a regional origin, the latter a national. This is similar to the concept of the names given to the Spanish language, where Spanish is a general national term, but Castilian refers to a regional or stylistic variant of Spanish.José Ignacio Hualde; Antxon Olarrea; Erin O'Rourke (2012). The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 49. ISBN 978-1-4051-9882-0.

Official status

Filipino is constitutionally designated as the national language of the Philippines and, along with English, as one of two official languages.

See also

• Abakada alphabet
• Filipino orthography
• Sa Aking Mga Kabata
• Tagalog phonology
• Tagalog grammar

Further reading

• New Vicassan's English–Pilipino Dictionary by Vito C. Santos, ISBN 971-27-0349-5
• Learn Filipino: Book One by Victor Eclar Romero ISBN 1-932956-41-7
• Lonely Planet Filipino/Tagalog (TravelTalk) ISBN 1-59125-364-0
• Lonely Planet Pilipino Phrasebook ISBN 0-86442-432-9
• UP Diksyonaryong Filipino by Virgilio S. Almario (ed.) ISBN 971-8781-98-6, and ISBN 971-8781-99-4
• English–Pilipino Dictionary, Consuelo T. Panganiban, ISBN 971-08-5569-7
• Diksyunaryong Filipino–English, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, ISBN 971-8705-20-1
• New English–Filipino Filipino–English Dictionary, by Maria Odulio de Guzman ISBN 971-08-1776-0
• Lim English–Filipino Filipino–English Dictionary, by Ed Lim (2008), Lulu.com ISBN 978-0-557-03800-8
• "When I was a child I spoke as a child": Reflecting on the Limits of a Nationalist Language Policy by Danilo Manarpaac. In: The politics of English as a world language: new horizons in postcolonial cultural studies by Christian Mair. Rodopi; 2003 ISBN 978-90-420-0876-2. p. 479–492.
• Free Filipino Flashcards by CoboCards

External links

• Commission on the Filipino Language
• A small and useful Tagalog dictionary (English - Tagalog)
• Language planning in multilingual countries: The case of the Philippines, discussion by linguist and educator Andrew Gonzalez
• The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines, by Andrew Gonzalez, FSC
• Tagalog: A Brief Look at the National Language
• Tagalog dominance must be balanced by support for all languages – Part 1 (archived from the original on 2007-09-02), Part 2 (archived from the original on 2007-09-03), Part 3 (archived from the original on 2008-12-30).
• Kalyespeak.com – Learn Filipino Free Language Learning with Audio Lessons and Podcasts
• The Nationalization of a Language: Filipino by C. J. Paz, University of the Philippines
• The Filipino language that might have been