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===2014 presidential campaign===
===2014 presidential campaign===
[[File:Poroshenko 2014(PR).png|thumb|2014 presidential election percentage of vote for Poroshenko]]
[[File:Poroshenko-2014-en.png|thumb|2014 presidential election percentage of vote for Poroshenko]]
{{main|Ukrainian presidential election, 2014}}
{{main|Ukrainian presidential election, 2014}}


Revision as of 16:02, 20 June 2014

Template:Eastern Slavic name

Petro Poroshenko
Петро Порошенко
5th President of Ukraine
Incumbent
Assumed office
7 June 2014
Prime MinisterArseniy Yatsenyuk
Preceded byOleksandr Turchynov (Acting)
Viktor Yanukovych
2nd Minister of Trade and Economic Development
In office
23 March 2012 – 24 December 2012
Prime MinisterMykola Azarov
Preceded byAndriy Klyuyev
Succeeded byIhor Prasolov
9th Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
9 October 2009 – 11 March 2010
Prime MinisterYulia Tymoshenko
Oleksandr Turchynov (Acting)
Preceded byVolodymyr Khandohiy
Succeeded byKostyantyn Gryshchenko
4th Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council
In office
8 February 2005 – 8 September 2005
PresidentViktor Yushchenko
Preceded byVolodymyr Radchenko
Succeeded byAnatoliy Kinakh
Personal details
Born
Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko

(1965-09-26) 26 September 1965 (age 59)
Bolhrad, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
Political partyIndependent
Other political
affiliations		Social Democratic Party
(Before 2001)
Solidarity (2001–present)
Our Ukraine-People's Self-defence Bloc (2002–2012)
SpouseMaryna Poroshenko
ChildrenOlexiy
Yevheniya
Oleksandra
Mykhaylo
ResidenceMariyinsky Palace
Alma materNational University of Kyiv
Signature

Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko (Template:Lang-uk; born 26 September 1965) is a Ukrainian billionaire businessman, the fifth and current President of Ukraine.[3] Poroshenko served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2010, and as the Minister of Trade and Economic Development in 2012. From 2007 until 2012, he headed the Council of Ukraine's National Bank.

Outside politics, Poroshenko owns, along with a number of other companies, a large-scale confectionery business, which has earned him the nickname of 'Chocolate King'.[4] He was elected president on 25 May 2014, capturing more than 54% of the vote in the first round, thereby winning outright and avoiding a runoff.[5][6][7][8][9]

Early life and education

Poroshenko was born in the city of Bolhrad, Odessa Oblast, on 26 September 1965,[10] but was raised in the city of Vinnytsia in central Ukraine.[11] He also spent his childhood and youth in Bendery (Moldavian SSR, now Moldova but under de facto control of the unrecognised breakaway state Transnistria.)[12] His father Oleksiy was an agricultural engineer.[13][2]

In his youth, Poroshenko practiced judo and sambo, and was Candidate for Honoured Master of Sport of the USSR.[13] Despite good grades he was not awarded the normal gold medal at graduation, and on his report card he was given a "C" for his behavior.[2] After getting into a fight with four Soviet Army cadets at the military commissariat, he was sent to army service in the distant Kazakh SSR.[2]

In 1989, Poroshenko graduated (he started the study in 1982[13]) with a degree in economics from the international relations and law department (subsequently the Institute of International Relations) at the Kiev State University.[14] In 1984, he married a medical student, Maryna Perevedentseva (born 1962).[13] Their first son, Oleksiy, was born in 1985 (his three other children were born in 2000 and 2001).[13] From 1989 till 1992, he was an assistant at the university’s international economic relations department.[13] While still a student, he founded a legal advisory firm mediating the negotiation of contracts in foreign trade, and then he undertook the negotiations himself, starting to supply cocoa beans to the Soviet chocolate industry in 1991.[13] At the same time, he was deputy director of the ‘Republic’ Union of Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs, and the CEO “Exchange House Ukraine”.[13]

Business career

In 1993, Poroshenko, together with his father Oleksiy and colleagues from the Road Traffic Institute in Kiev, created the UkrPromInvest Ukrainian Industry and Investment Company, which specialised in confectionery (and later other agricultural processing industries) and the automotive industry.[13] Poroshenko was director-general of the company from its founding until 1998, when in connection with his entry into parliament he handed the title over to his father, while retaining the title of honorary president.[13]

Between 1996 and 1998, UkrPromInvest acquired control over several state-owned confectionery enterprises which were combined into the Roshen group in 1996, creating the largest confectionery manufacturing operation in Ukraine.[13] His business success in the confectionery industry earned him the nickname "Chocolate King".[15] Poroshenko's business empire also includes several car and bus plants, Leninska Kuznya shipyard, the 5 Kanal television channel,[16] as well as other businesses. In March 2012, Forbes placed him on the Forbes list of billionaires at 1,153rd place, with $1 billion.[17]

Associated businesses

A number of businesses were once part of the Ukrprominvest which Poroshenko headed in 1993–1998. The investment group was dissolved in April 2012.[18] Poroshenko has stated that upon beginning his political activity he passed on his holdings to a trust fund.[13]

Early political career

Poroshenko first won a seat in the Verkhovna Rada (the Ukrainian Parliament) in 1998. He was initially a member of the United Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (SDPU), the party loyal to president Leonid Kuchma at the time.[13] Poroshenko left SDPU(o) in 2000 to create an independent left-of-center faction, naming it Solidarity.[13][19] In 2001 Poroshenko was instrumental in creating the Party of Regions, also loyal to Kuchma, but Solidarity never joined it.[20]

Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council

Poroshenko and Viktor Yushchenko during the meeting before Mukacheve mayoral election on 16 April 2004

In December 2001 Poroshenko broke ranks with Kuchma supporters to become campaign chief of Viktor Yushchenko's Our Ukraine Bloc opposition faction. After parliamentary elections in March 2002 in which Our Ukraine won the biggest share of the popular vote and Poroshenko won a seat in parliament,[13][21] Poroshenko served as head of the parliamentary budget committee, where he was accused of "misplacing 47 million hryvnias" (USD$ 8.9 million).[22] As a consequence of Porohenko's Our Ukraine Bloc membership tax inspectors launched an attack on his business.[13] Despite great difficulties, UkrPromInvest managed to survive until Yushchenko became President of Ukraine in 2005.[13]

Poroshenko was considered a close confidant of Yushchenko, who is godfather to Poroshenko's daughters. Poroshenko was likely to have been the wealthiest businessman among Yushchenko supporters, and was often named as one of the main financial backers of Our Ukraine and the Orange Revolution.[23] After Yushchenko won the presidential elections in 2004, Poroshenko was appointed Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council.[13][14]

Poroshenko attending a U.S. Independence Day celebration at the U.S. Embassy in Kiev, July 6, 2005

In September 2005, highly publicized mutual allegations of corruption erupted between Poroshenko and Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko involving the privatizations of state-owned firms.[1] Poroshenko, for example, was accused of defending the interests of Viktor Pinchuk, who had acquired state firm Nikopol Ferroalloy for $80 million, independently valued at $1 billion.[24] In response to the allegations, Yushchenko dismissed his entire cabinet of ministers, including Poroshenko and Tymoshenko.[25] State prosecutors dismissed an abuse of power investigation against Poroshenko the following month,[26] immediately after Yushchenko dismissed Svyatoslav Piskun, General Prosecutor of Ukraine. Piskun claimed that he was sacked because he refused to institute criminal proceedings against Tymoshenko and refused to drop proceedings against Poroshenko.[27]

In the March 2006 parliamentary election Poroshenko was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament with the support of Our Ukraine electoral bloc.[13] He chaired the parliamentary Committee on Finance and Banking. Allegedly, since Poroshenko claimed the post of Chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament for himself, the Socialist Party of Ukraine chose to be part of the Alliance of National Unity because it was promised that their party leader, Oleksandr Moroz, would be elected chairman if the coalition were formed.[25] This left Poroshenko's Our Ukraine and their ally Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc out of the Government.

Poroshenko did not run in the September 2007 parliamentary election.[13] Poroshenko started heading the Council of Ukraine's National Bank in February 2007.[25][28] Between 1999 and 2012 he was a board member of the National Bank of Ukraine.[13]

Foreign Minister and Minister of Trade

Poroshenko at the Russian-Ukrainian international commission meeting in 2009

Ukrainian President Yushchenko nominated Poroshenko for Foreign Minister on 7 October 2009.[28][29] Poroshenko was appointed by the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) on 9 October 2009.[30][31] On 12 October 2009, President Yushchenko (re)appointed Poroshenko into the National Security and Defense Council.[32] Poroshenko supported Ukrainian NATO-membership. However, he also stated NATO membership should not be a goal in itself.[33] Although Poroshenko was dismissed as foreign minister on 11 March 2010, President Viktor Yanukovych expressed hope for further cooperation with him.[16]

In late February 2012 Poroshenko was named as the new Minister of Trade and Economic Development in the Azarov Government;[34][35][36] on 9 March 2012 President Yanukovych stated he wanted Poroshenko to work in the government in the post of economic development and trade minister.[37] On 23 March 2012 Poroshenko was appointed economic development and trade minister of Ukraine by Yanukovych.[38] The same month he stepped down as head of the Council of Ukraine's National Bank.[39]

Poroshenko claims that he became Minister of Trade and Economic Development in order to help bring Ukraine closer to the EU and get Yulia Tymoshenko released from prison.[2] After he took the post, tax inspectors launched an attack on his business.[2]

Return to parliament

Poroshenko returned to the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) after the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election after winning (with more than 70%) as an independent candidate in single-member district number 12 (first-past-the-post wins a parliamentary seat) located in Vinnytsia Oblast.[40][41][42] He did not enter any faction in parliament[43] and became member of the committee for European Integration.[2] Poroshenko's father Oleksiy did intend to take part in the elections too in single-member district number 16 (also located in Vinnytsia Oblast), but withdrew his candidacy for health reasons.[44][45] In mid-February 2013, Poroshenko hinted he would run for Mayor of Kiev in the 2013 Kiev mayoral election.[46]

2014 Ukrainian revolution

Ukrainian opposition leaders Vitali Klitschko, Poroshenko (second left) and Arseniy Yatsenyuk (right) with United States Secretary of State John Kerry (second right) at the Munich Security Conference, 2014.
Main article: 2014 Ukrainian revolution

During the November 2013 till February 2014 Euromaidan protests, Poroshenko actively supported the protest, including financial support.[13] This led to an upsurge of his popularity.[13] He did not participate in negotiations between then President Yanukovych and the Euromaidan Maidan parliamentary opposition parties Batkivshchyna, Svoboda and UDAR.[13]

Poroshenko refused to join the Yatsenyuk Government (although he introduced his colleague Volodymyr Groysman, the mayor of Vinnitsa, into it), and nor did he join any of the two newly created parliamentary factions Economic Development and Sovereign European Ukraine.[13] During the 2014 Crimean crisis Poroshenko visited Simferopol (in Crimea) prior to its annexation by Russia; "We have to find a compromise," Poroshenko told a crowd gathered in front of the Crimean parliament, but his appeal was drowned by shouts of "Russia, Russia."[2]

In an interview with Lally Weymouth, Poroshenko said: "From the beginning, I was one of the organizers of the Maidan. My television channel — Channel 5 — played a tremendously important role. ... At that time, Channel 5 started to broadcast, there were just 2,000 people on the Maidan. But during the night, people went by foot — seven, eight, nine, 10 kilometers — understanding this is a fight for Ukrainian freedom and democracy. In four hours, almost 30,000 people were there."[47] The BBC reported, "Mr Poroshenko owns 5 Kanal TV, the most popular news channel in Ukraine, which showed clear pro-opposition sympathies during the months of political crisis in Kiev."[48]

2014 presidential campaign

2014 presidential election percentage of vote for Poroshenko
Main article: Ukrainian presidential election, 2014

Following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and the resulting removal of Viktor Yanukovych from the office of President of Ukraine, new presidential elections were scheduled to take place on 25 May 2014.[49] In pre-election polls from March 2014, Poroshenko garnered the most support of all the prospective candidates, with one poll conducted by SOCIS giving him a rating of over 40%.[50] On 29 March he stated that he will run for president; at the same time Vitali Klitschko exited the presidential contest, choosing to support Poroshenko's bid.[51][52][53][54]

On 2 April Poroshenko stated, "If I am elected, I will be honest and sell the Roshen Concern."[55] He also said in early April that the level of popular support for the idea of Ukraine's joining NATO was too small to put on the agenda "so as not to ruin the country."[56] He also vowed not to sell his 5 Kanal television channel.[57] On 14 April, Poroshenko publicly endorsed the campaign of Jarosław Gowin's party Poland Together of neighbouring Poland in this year's elections to the European Parliament, thanking Gowin's party colleague Paweł Kowal for supporting Ukraine.[58]

Poroshenko's election slogan was: "Live in a new way -- Poroshenko!".[2] On 29 May, the Central Election Commission of Ukraine announced that Poroshenko had won the 25 May presidential election, with 54.7% of the votes.[59]

Presidency

US officials Assistant Secretary Nuland and Ambassador to Ukraine Pyatt greet Poroshenko in Warsaw on 4 June 2014
Poroshenko with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel talking during the celebration of the 70th anniversary of D-Day, France, 6 June 2014

When it became clear he had won the election on election day evening (on 25 May 2014) Poroshenko announced "My first presidential trip will be to Donbas", where armed pro-Russian rebels had declared the separatist republics Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic and control a large part of the region.[57][60] Poroshenko also vowed to continue the military operations by the Ukrainian government forces to end the armed insurgency claiming "The anti-terrorist operation cannot and should not last two or three months. It should and will last hours."[61] He compared the armed pro-Russian rebels to Somali pirates.[61] Poroshenko also called for negotiations with Russia in the presence of international intermediaries.[61] Russia responded by saying it did not need an intermediary in its bilateral relations with Ukraine.[61] As president-elect Poroshenko promised to return Crimea,[61] which was attached by referendum to Russia in March 2014.[60][62][nb 1] He also vowed to hold new parliamentary elections in 2014.[64]

Inauguration

Poroshenko was inaugurated in the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) on 7 June 2014.[3] In his inaugural address he stressed that Ukraine would not give up Crimea and stressed the unity of Ukraine.[65] He promised an amnesty "for those who do not have blood on their hands" to the separatist and pro-Russia insurgents of the 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine and to the Ukrainian nationalist groups that oppose them, but added: "Talking to gangsters and killers is not our path".[65] He also called for early regional elections in Eastern Ukraine.[65] Poroshenko also stated that he would sign the economic part of the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement and that this was the first step towards full Ukrainian EU Membership.[65] During the speech he stated he saw "Ukrainian as the only state language" but also spoke of the "guarantees [of] the unhindered development of Russian and all the other languages".[65] Part of the speech were in Russian.[65]

The inauguration was attended by about 50 foreign delegations, including US Vice President Joe Biden, President of Poland Bronisław Komorowski, President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko, President of Lithuania Dalia Grybauskaitė, President of Switzerland and the OSCE Chairman-in-Office Didier Burkhalter, President of Germany Joachim Gauck, President of Georgia Giorgi Margvelashvili, Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Hungary Viktor Orbán, President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy, the OSCE Secretary General Lamberto Zannier, UN Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs Jeffrey Feldman, China's Minister of Culture Cai Wu and Ambassador of Russia to Ukraine Mikhail Zurabov[66][67] Former Prime Minister of Ukraine Yulia Tymoshenko was also present.[66][65] After the inauguration ceremony Tymoshenko said about Poroshenko "I think Ukraine has found a very powerful additional factor of stability".[68]

Domestic policy

Peace plan for Eastern Ukraine

Main article: 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine

At the time of his inauguration armed pro-Russian rebels had declared the separatist republics Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic and control a large part of Eastern Ukraine.[57][60] Poroshenko (after his inauguration) launched a peace plan envisaged for the recognition of the presidential elections in Ukraine by Russia, a cease-fire by the separatists (named "terrorists" by Poroshenko himself) and the establishment of humanitarian corridor for civilians ("who are not involved in the conflict").[69]

Decentralization of power

Mid-June Poroshenko started the process of amending Ukraine's constitution to achieve Ukraine's administrative decentralization.[70] According to Poroshenko (on 16 June 2014) this was "a key element of the peace plan".[70]

Foreign policy

U.S. President Barack Obama meets with Poroshenko, June 2014

In June 2014 Poroshenko forbade any cooperation with Russia in the military sphere.[71] The European Union and Ukraine will sign the economic part of the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement on 27 June 2014.[72]

Personal life

Poroshenko is married to Maryna since 1984.[13] The couple has four children: Olexiy (born 1985), the twins Yevheniya and Oleksandra (born 2000) and Mykhaylo (born 2001).[13] Olexiy is a representative in the regional parliament of Vinnytsia Oblast.[2] Maryna Poroshenko is a cardiologist, who does not take part in public life, apart from her participation in the activities of the Petro Poroshenko Charity Foundation.[13] Poroshenko is godfather to the children of former Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko.[13][4] Poroshenko became a grandfather on the day of his presidential inauguration of 7 June 2014.[73]

Poroshenko is a member of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate).[1][2] Poroshenko has financed the restoration of its buildings and monasteries.[1] In high-level meetings he is often seen with a crucifix.[1]

Cultural and political image

Poroshenko on stage speaking to Euromaidan-protesters on 8 December 2013

In Ukraine, Poroshenko is widely seen as a pragmatic politician who sees Ukraine's future in the European Union, but hopes to mend relations with Russia.[4] He is nicknamed 'Chocolate King'; because of his ownership of a large-scale confectionery business.[4]

In 2006, John Herbst, US Ambassador to Ukraine, described Poroshenko as a "disgraced oligarch."[74] Later that same year Deputy Chief of Mission in the US Embassy in Ukraine Sheila Gwaltney said that "Poroshenko was tainted by credible corruption allegations."[74]

Poroshenko denies being a Ukrainian oligarch, claiming "Oligarchs are people who seek power in order to further enrich themselves. But I have long fought against bandits who are robbing our country and have destroyed free enterprise".[2] In early 2014, Russian government-aligned television station NTV aired a film which portrayed Poroshenko extremely negatively.[2][nb 2]

Notes

  1. ^ The status of the Crimea and of the city of Sevastopol is currently under dispute between Russia and Ukraine; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider the Crimea to be an autonomous republic of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's cities with special status, while Russia, on the other hand, considers the Crimea to be a federal subject of Russia and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three federal cities.[60][63]
  2. ^ The documentary titled "The Chocolate Bunny" included claims that Poroshenko financed the sharpshooters responsible for the deaths of almost 100 people during Euromaidan, that Poroshenko built his chocolate empire through the criminal acquisition of former Soviet companies, and that his pralines contain the carcinogenic organic compound benzopyrene.[2] The programme also alleged that Poroshenko's father is Jewish and had been murdered, and that Poroshenko had bought out Vitali Klitschko in order to eliminate a potential competitor in the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election, was responsible for radicalising Euromaidan and was tapping the help of right-wing nationalists in order to be elected President of Ukraine. Spiegel Online labeled these accusations "the wildest of rumors," stating that the mud-slinging was an attempt by Russians to get Proroshenko to shift his positions.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Chocolate tycoon heads for landslide victory in Ukraine presidential election, The Guardian (23 May 2014)
    The Return of the Prodigal Son, Who Never Left Home, The Ukrainian Week (30 March 2012)
    Who will lead Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) and where?, Den (27 February 2014)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ukraine Election: The Chocolate King Rises, Spiegel Online (22 May 2014).
  3. ^ a b Lukas Alpert (29 May 2014). "Petro Poroshenko to Be Inaugurated as Ukraine President June 7". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
    Rada decides to hold inauguration of Poroshenko on June 7 at 1000, Interfax-Ukraine (3 June 2014)
    Poroshenko sworn in as Ukrainian president, Interfax-Ukraine (7 June 2014)
  4. ^ a b c d "Profile: Ukraine's President Petro Poroshenko". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014.
  5. ^ "Ukraine talks set to open without pro-Russian separatists". The Washington Post. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
  6. ^ "Ukraine elections: Runners and risks". BBC News Online. 22 May 2014. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  7. ^ "Q&A: Ukraine presidential election". BBC News. 7 February 2010. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  8. ^ "Poroshenko wins presidential election with 54.7% of vote - CEC". Radio Ukraine International. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
    "Внеочередные выборы Президента Украины" (in Russian). Телеграф. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "New Ukrainian president will be elected for 5-year term – Constitutional Court". Interfax-Ukraine. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
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  11. ^ "Kerry heads for crisis talks over Ukraine". The Scotsman. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  12. ^ Continuity and Change in Transnistria’s Foreign Policy after the 2011 Presidential Elections by Marcin Kosienkowski, 2012, Academia.edu (page 38).
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Poroshenko, President of Ukraine, Centre for Eastern Studies (28 May 2014)
    Events by themes: Poroshenko family, UNIAN
  14. ^ a b "Ukraine's tycoon Poroshenko confirms plans to sell assets". ITAR-TASS. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.[dead link]
  15. ^ Abram Brown (31 March 2014). "The Willy Wonka Of Ukraine Is Now The Leading Presidential Candidate". Forbes. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  16. ^ a b "Poroshenko is not going to sell Channel 5 TV". Kyiv Post. 23 May 2010. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2010. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  17. ^ Brian Bonner (8 March 2012). "Eight Ukrainians make Forbes magazine's list of world billionaires". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  18. ^ "Концерн "Укрпромінвест" оголосив про ліквідацію" (in Ukrainian). UNIAN. 24 April 2012. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Kuzio, Taras and Frishberg, Alex (21 February 2008) Ukrainian Political Update, Frishberg & Partners, page 22
  20. ^ New «region» formed in Ukrainian Parliament, Central European University (26 March 2001)
  21. ^ "Results of voting in single-mandate constituencies". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Retrieved 23 June 2010.[dead link]
  22. ^ Freedom House (2004). Nations in Transit 2004: Democratization in East Central Europe and Eurasia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 638–. ISBN 978-1-4617-3141-2.
  23. ^ Hanly, Ken (25 May 2014). "Op-Ed: Petro Poroshenko the oligarch poised to become Ukraine president". Digital Journal. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  24. ^ Alex Rodriguez (27 September 2005). "In Ukraine, old whiff of scandal in new regime". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  25. ^ a b c "Biography" (in Russian). Korrespondent.net. Archived from the original on 19 July 2006. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  26. ^ "Prosecutors Close Criminal Case Against Yushchenko's Close Ally". Kiev Ukraine News Blog. 21 October 2005.
  27. ^ "Independent standpoint on Ukraine:Dismissal of Prosecutor-General, Closure of Poroshenko Case Create New". ForUm. 28 October 2005. Archived from the original on 7 May 2006. Retrieved 3 March 2012. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  28. ^ a b "Regions Party not to vote for Poroshenko's appointment Ukraine's foreign minister". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 8 October 2009. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2009. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  29. ^ "Ukrainian president proposes Petro Poroshenko for foreign minister". Interfax-Ukraine. 7 October 2009.
  30. ^ "Rada appoints Poroshenko Ukraine's foreign minister". Interfax-Ukraine. 9 October 2009. Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
  31. ^ By 240 out of 440 MPs registered in the session hall. In particular, 151 MPs of the Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko faction, 63 of the Our Ukraine-People's Self-Defense Bloc, 20 members of the Bloc of Volodymyr Lytvyn, one deputy of the Party of Regions, one member of the Communist Party faction, and four deputies not belonging to any faction voted for the nomination.
  32. ^ "Poroshenko put on Ukraine's NSCD". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 12 October 2009. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014.
  33. ^ "Poroshenko: Ukraine could join NATO in 1–2 years, with political, public will". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 4 December 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2009. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  34. ^ "Mass Media:Poroshenko heads Ministry of Economy". UNIAN. 23 February 2012. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  35. ^ "Regions Party: Poroshenko appointed economy minister, Kolobov appointed finance minister". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 23 February 2012. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  36. ^ "President:Prime Minister nominated Petro Poroshenko for Minister of Economy". President.gov.ua. 23 February 2012. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  37. ^ "Ukrainian president wants Poroshenko to head economic development and trade ministry". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 9 March 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  38. ^ "Poroshenko appointed economic development and trade minister of Ukraine". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
    "Poroshenko explains reasons behind accepting economy minister's post". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  39. ^ "Порошенко Петр Алексеевич" (in Russian). ЛІГА.net. Archived from the original on 31 October 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2013. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ Template:Uk icon Candidates single-mandate constituency № 12, RBC Ukraine
  41. ^ "Полтавська область. Одномандатний виборчий округ №112" (in Ukrainian). Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ "Minister Poroshenko and his father registered as self-nominees for Vinnytsia region". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 15 August 2012. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2012. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  43. ^ "Poroshenko not intending to join any faction". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2012. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
    "Poroshenko fears uncontrolled economic situation in Ukraine due to foreign borrowing". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 20 June 2013. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  44. ^ Template:Uk icon Candidates single-mandate constituency № 16, RBC Ukraine
  45. ^ Poroshenko’s father changes his mind to withdraw his candidacy from elections, UNIAN (25.09.2012)
  46. ^ "Poroshenko appears set to join race for Kyiv mayor". Ukraine Business Online. 12 February 2013. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2013. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  47. ^ "Interview with Ukrainian presidential candidate Petro Poroshenko". The Washington Post. April 25, 2014.
  48. ^ "Profile: Ukraine's President Petro Poroshenko". BBC News. May 28, 2014.
  49. ^ "Ukraine: Speaker Oleksandr Turchynov named interim president". BBC News. 23 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
    "Ukraine protests timeline". BBC News. 23 February 2014. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  50. ^ Главная | Центр соціальних та маркетингових досліджень SOCIS. Socis.kiev.ua. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  51. ^ "Klitschko will run for mayor of Kyiv". Interfax-Ukraine. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  52. ^ "Klitschko believes only presidential candidate from democratic forces should be Poroshenko". Interfax-Ukraine. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  53. ^ Colin Freeman (29 March 2014). "Petro Poroshenko, the billionaire chocolate baron hoping to become Ukraine's next president". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  54. ^ "Ukraine: former boxer Vitaliy Klitschko ends presidential bid and backs Poroshenko". Euronews. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  55. ^ "Poroshenko ready to sell Roshen if elected president". Interfax-Ukraine. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  56. ^ "Question of Ukraine's membership of NATO may split country – Poroshenko". Interfax-Ukraine. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help)
  57. ^ a b c "Poroshenko Declares Victory in Ukraine Presidential Election". The Wall Street Journal. 25 May 2014. Archived from the original on 25 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  58. ^ "Polska Razem czarnym koniem? Mocne słowa Gowina" (in Polish). 12 April 2014. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 1 December 2008 suggested (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  59. ^ Poroshenko wins presidential election with 54.7% of vote - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (29 May 2014)
  60. ^ a b c d "Ukraine crisis timeline". BBC News Online. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  61. ^ a b c d e "Poroshenko promises calm 'in hours' amid battle to control Donetsk airport". The Guardian. 26 May 2014. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
  62. ^ "EU & Ukraine 17 April 2014 FACT SHEET" (PDF). European External Action Service. 17 April 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  63. ^ Gutterman, Steve; Polityuk, Pavel (18 March 2014). "Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2 May 2014 suggested (help)
  64. ^ In Ukrainian election, chocolate tycoon Poroshenko claims victory, The Washington Post (25 May 2014)
  65. ^ a b c d e f g Ukraine president vows not to give up Crimea, The Guardian (7 June 2014)
    Ukraine's Poroshenko sworn in and sets out peace plan, BBC News (7 June 2014)
    Excerpts from Poroshenko's speech, BBC News (7 June 2014)
    Ukraine’s President Poroshenko pushes for peace at inauguration, Euronews (7 June 2014)
    Poroshenko offers escape for rebels but no compromise over weapons, Euronews (7 June 2014)
    Template:Uk icon Speech by President of Ukraine during the inauguration ceremony. Full text, Ukrayinska Pravda (7 June 2014)
  66. ^ a b Template:Uk icon At the inauguration Poroshenko come delegations from 56 countries, Ukrayinska Pravda (7 June 2014)
  67. ^ Ukraine: International recognition for President Poroshenko, Euronews (7 June 2014)
  68. ^ Template:Uk icon Tymoshenko: President Poroshenko - a powerful factor of stability, Ukrayinska Pravda (7 June 2014)
  69. ^ Poroshenko doesn't rule out roundtable in Donetsk involving parties to conflict, Interfax-Ukraine (12 June 2014)
  70. ^ a b Amendments to Ukraine's Constitution to be tabled in parliament this week - Poroshenko, Interfax-Ukraine (16 June 2014)
  71. ^ Template:Uk icon Poroshenko forbade any cooperation with Russia in the military sphere, Ukrayinska Pravda (16 June 2014)
  72. ^ EU, Ukraine to sign remaining part of Association Agreement on June 27 – European Council, Interfax-Ukraine (16 June 2014)
  73. ^ Template:Uk icon [Poroshenko became a grandfather http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/06/7/7028425/], Ukrayinska Pravda (7 June 2014)
  74. ^ a b The not-very-nice things U.S. officials used to say about Ukraine’s new president, The Washington Post (29 May 2014)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Petro Poroshenko.
Political offices
Preceded by Minister for Foreign Affairs
2009–2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Trade and Economic Development
2012 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Ukraine
2014–present 		Incumbent

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