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'''Margrethe II''' ({{lang-da|Margrethe 2.}}; {{lang-fo|Margrethe II}}; {{lang-kl|Margrethe II}}) ({{IPA-da|mɑˈɡ̊ʁæːˀd̥ə}}, full name: ''Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid''; born 16 April 1940) is the [[List of Danish monarchs|Queen of Denmark]]. She is also the supreme authority of the [[Church of Denmark]] and [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Danish Defence|Danish Defence Forces]]. A [[constitutional monarch]], Margrethe takes no part in political decisions aside from [[ceremonial]] state functions, such as appointing the [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Prime Minister]], and does not express political opinions. |
'''Margrethe II''' ({{lang-da|Margrethe 2.}}; {{lang-fo|Margrethe II}}; {{lang-kl|Margrethe II}}) ({{IPA-da|mɑˈɡ̊ʁæːˀd̥ə}}, full name: ''Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid''; born 16 April 1940) is the [[List of Danish monarchs|Queen of Denmark]]. She is also the supreme authority of the [[Church of Denmark]] and [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Danish Defence|Danish Defence Forces]]. A [[constitutional monarch]], Margrethe takes no part in political decisions aside from [[ceremonial]] state functions, such as appointing the [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Prime Minister]], and does not express political opinions. |
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Margrethe is a member of the [[House of Glücksburg]], a house originally from Northern [[Germany]]. As the eldest child of [[Frederik IX of Denmark|King Frederick IX]] and [[Ingrid of Sweden]], she succeeded her father upon his death on 14 January 1972. On her accession, Margrethe became the first female monarch of Denmark since [[Margaret I of Denmark|Margaret I]], ruler of the [[Scandinavia|Scandinavian countries]] in 1375–1412 during the [[Kalmar Union]]. Having been on the Danish throne for 43 years, she is currently the longest-reigning of the three Scandinavian monarchs |
Margrethe is a member of the [[House of Glücksburg]], a house originally from Northern [[Germany]]. As the eldest child of [[Frederik IX of Denmark|King Frederick IX]] and [[Ingrid of Sweden]], she succeeded her father upon his death on 14 January 1972. On her accession, Margrethe became the first female monarch of Denmark since [[Margaret I of Denmark|Margaret I]], ruler of the [[Scandinavia|Scandinavian countries]] in 1375–1412 during the [[Kalmar Union]]. Having been on the Danish throne for 43 years, she is currently the longest-reigning of the three Scandinavian monarchs, as [[Sweden]]'s [[Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf]] has reigned since 1973 and [[Norway]]'s [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]] has reigned since 1991. |
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Margrethe was born in 1940, but did not become [[heir presumptive]] until 1953, when [[Danish Act of Succession|a constitutional amendment]] allowed women to inherit the throne (after it became clear that King Frederick was unlikely to have any male issue). In 1967, she married [[Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark|Henrik]] (born Henri de Laborde de Monpezat), with whom she has two sons: [[Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederik]] (born 1968) and [[Prince Joachim of Denmark|Prince Joachim]] (born 1969). |
Margrethe was born in 1940, but did not become [[heir presumptive]] until 1953, when [[Danish Act of Succession|a constitutional amendment]] allowed women to inherit the throne (after it became clear that King Frederick was unlikely to have any male issue). In 1967, she married [[Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark|Henrik]] (born Henri de Laborde de Monpezat), with whom she has two sons: [[Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederik]] (born 1968) and [[Prince Joachim of Denmark|Prince Joachim]] (born 1969). |
Revision as of 15:36, 22 September 2015
Margrethe II | |||||
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Queen of Denmark | |||||
Reign | 14 January 1972 – present | ||||
Predecessor | Frederick IX | ||||
Heir apparent | Crown Prince Frederik | ||||
Prime Ministers | Denmark Faroe Islands | ||||
Born | Copenhagen, Denmark | 16 April 1940||||
Spouse | |||||
Issue Detail | Crown Prince Frederik Prince Joachim | ||||
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House | House of Glücksburg[1] | ||||
Father | Frederick IX of Denmark | ||||
Mother | Princess Ingrid of Sweden | ||||
Religion | Lutheranism | ||||
Signature | ![]() |
Danish royal family |
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Extended royal family |
Margrethe II (Danish: Margrethe 2.; Faroese: Margrethe II; Greenlandic: Margrethe II) (Danish pronunciation: [mɑˈɡ̊ʁæːˀd̥ə], full name: Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid; born 16 April 1940) is the Queen of Denmark. She is also the supreme authority of the Church of Denmark and Commander-in-Chief of the Danish Defence Forces. A constitutional monarch, Margrethe takes no part in political decisions aside from ceremonial state functions, such as appointing the Prime Minister, and does not express political opinions.
Margrethe is a member of the House of Glücksburg, a house originally from Northern Germany. As the eldest child of King Frederick IX and Ingrid of Sweden, she succeeded her father upon his death on 14 January 1972. On her accession, Margrethe became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375–1412 during the Kalmar Union. Having been on the Danish throne for 43 years, she is currently the longest-reigning of the three Scandinavian monarchs, as Sweden's Carl XVI Gustaf has reigned since 1973 and Norway's Harald V has reigned since 1991.
Margrethe was born in 1940, but did not become heir presumptive until 1953, when a constitutional amendment allowed women to inherit the throne (after it became clear that King Frederick was unlikely to have any male issue). In 1967, she married Henrik (born Henri de Laborde de Monpezat), with whom she has two sons: Crown Prince Frederik (born 1968) and Prince Joachim (born 1969).
Early life
Princess Margrethe was born 16 April 1940, at Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen as the first child of Crown Prince Frederick, later King Frederick IX and Crown Princess Ingrid, later Queen Ingrid. Her father was the eldest son of the then-reigning King Christian X, while her mother was the only daughter of Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf, later King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, and Crown Princess Margaret, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Her birth took place just one week after Nazi Germany's invasion of Denmark on 9 April 1940.[2]
She was baptised 14 May 1940, in the Church of Holmen in Copenhagen.[2] The Princess's godparents were: King Christian X (paternal grandfather); Hereditary Prince Knud (paternal uncle); Prince Axel (her paternal grandfather's first cousin); King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (maternal great-grandfather); King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (maternal grandfather); Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (her maternal uncle); Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (maternal grandmother's father).
She was named Margrethe after her late maternal grandmother, Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Alexandrine after her paternal grandmother, Queen Alexandrine, and Ingrid after her mother, Crown Princess Ingrid. Since her paternal grandfather was also the King of Iceland, and Margrethe until 1944 was an Icelandic princess, she was given an Icelandic name, Þórhildur (Thorhildur).[3]
When Margrethe was four years old, in 1944, her first sister, Princess Benedikte, was born. Princess Benedikte later married Prince Richard of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and lives some of the time in Germany. Her second sister Princess Anne Marie was born in 1946. Anne-Marie later married Constantine II of Greece and now lives in London.
On 20 April 1947, King Christian X died and Margrethe's father ascended the throne as King Frederick IX.
Heir presumptive
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Margrethe_II_of_Denmark_1966.jpg/220px-Margrethe_II_of_Denmark_1966.jpg)
At the time of her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Denmark, owing to the changes in succession laws enacted in the 1850s when the Glücksburg branch was chosen to succeed. As she had no brothers, it was assumed that her uncle Prince Knud would one day assume the throne.
The process of changing the constitution started in 1947, not long after her father ascended the throne and it became clear that Queen Ingrid would have no more children. The popularity of Frederick and his daughters and the more prominent role of women in Danish life started the complicated process of altering the constitution. The law required that the proposal be passed by two successive Parliaments and then by a referendum, which occurred 27 March 1953. The new Act of Succession permitted female succession to the throne of Denmark, according to male-preference cognatic primogeniture, where a female can ascend to the throne only if she does not have a brother. Princess Margrethe therefore became heir presumptive.[2]
On her eighteenth birthday, 16 April 1958, Margrethe was given a seat in the Council of State. She subsequently chaired the meetings of the Council in the absence of the King.[2]
In 1960, together with the princesses of Sweden and Norway, she travelled to the United States, which included a visit to Los Angeles, California, and to the Paramount Studios, where they were met by several celebrities, including Dean Martin, Jerry Lewis and Elvis Presley.[4]
Education
Margrethe was educated at the private school N. Zahle's School in Copenhagen from which she graduated in 1959. She spent a year at North Foreland Lodge, a boarding school for girls in Hampshire, England,[5] and later studied prehistoric archaeology at Girton College, Cambridge, during 1960–1961, political science at Aarhus University between 1961 and 1962, attended the Sorbonne in 1963, and was at the London School of Economics in 1965.[6] She is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.[2]
Queen Margrethe is fluent in Danish, French, English, Swedish and German, and has a limited knowledge of Faroese.[2][6]
Marriage
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Royal_Wedding_Stockholm_2010-Konserthuset-421.jpg/220px-Royal_Wedding_Stockholm_2010-Konserthuset-421.jpg)
Princess Margrethe married a French diplomat, Count Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, 10 June 1967, at the Church of Holmen in Copenhagen. Laborde de Monpezat received the style and title of "His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark" because of his new position as the spouse of the heir presumptive to the Danish throne.[2]
Margrethe gave birth to her first child 26 May 1968. By tradition, the Danish King was alternately named either Frederick or Christian. She chose to maintain this by assuming the position of a Christian, and thus named her eldest son Frederik. A second child, named Joachim, was born 7 June 1969.[2]
Reign
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Faroe_stamp_302_Queen_Margrethe.jpg/200px-Faroe_stamp_302_Queen_Margrethe.jpg)
Succession
Shortly after King Frederick IX had delivered his New Year's Address to the Nation at the 1971/72 turn of the year, he fell ill. At his death 14 days later, 14 January 1972, Margrethe succeeded to the throne, becoming the first female Danish sovereign under the new Act of Succession. She was proclaimed Queen from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace 15 January 1972, by Prime Minister Jens Otto Krag. Queen Margrethe II relinquished all the monarch's former titles except the title to Denmark, hence her style By the Grace of God, Queen of Denmark (Danish:Margrethe den Anden, af Guds Nåde Danmarks Dronning). The Queen chose the motto: God's help, the love of The People, Denmark's strength.[6]
In her first address to the people, Queen Margrethe II said:
"My beloved father, our King, is dead. The task that my father had carried for nearly 25 years is now resting on my shoulders. I pray to God to give me help and strength to carry the heavy heritage. May the trust that was given to my father also be granted to me."[7]
Constitutional role
The Queen's main tasks are to represent the Kingdom abroad and to be a unifying figurehead at home. She receives foreign ambassadors and awards honours and medals. The Queen performs the latter task by accepting invitations to open exhibitions, attending anniversaries, inaugurating bridges, etc.
As an unelected public official, the Queen takes no part in party politics and does not express any political opinions. Although she has the right to vote, she opts not to do so to avoid even the appearance of partisanship.[2]
After an election where the incumbent Prime Minister does not have a majority behind him or her, the Queen holds a “Dronningerunde” (Queen's meeting) in which she meets the chairmen of each of the Danish political parties.[8]
Each party has the choice of selecting a Royal Investigator to lead these negotiations or alternatively, give the incumbent Prime Minister the mandate to continue his government as is. In theory each party could choose its own leader as Royal Investigator, the social liberal Det Radikale Venstre did so in 2006, but often only one Royal Investigator is chosen plus the Prime Minister, before each election. The leader who, at that meeting succeeds in securing a majority of the seats in the Folketing, is by royal decree charged with the task of forming a new government. (It has never happened in more modern history that any party has held a majority on its own.)
Once the government has been formed, it is formally appointed by the Queen. Officially, it is the Queen who is the head of government, and she therefore presides over the Council of State (privy council), where the acts of legislation which have been passed by the parliament are signed into law. In practice, however, nearly all of the Queen's formal powers are exercised by the Cabinet of Denmark.
In addition to her roles in her own country, the Queen is also the Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires), an infantry regiment of the British Army, following a tradition in her family.[2]
Ruby Jubilee
Queen Margrethe II celebrated her Ruby Jubilee, the 40th year on the throne, 14 January 2012.[9] This was marked by a carriage procession, a gala banquet at Christiansborg Palace and numerous TV interviews.
Personal life and interests
The official residences of the Queen and the Prince Consort are Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen and Fredensborg Palace. Their summer residence is Gråsten Palace near Sønderborg, the former home of the Queen's mother, Queen Ingrid, who died in 2000.
Margrethe is an accomplished painter, and has held many art shows over the years. Her illustrations—under the pseudonym Ingahild Grathmer—were used for the Danish edition of The Lord of the Rings, which she was encouraged to illustrate in the early 1970s. She sent them to J. R. R. Tolkien who was struck by the similarity of her drawings to his own style. Margrethe's drawings were redrawn by the British artist Eric Fraser in the translation published in 1977 and re-issued in 2002. In 2000, she illustrated Henrik, the Prince Consort's poetry collection Cantabile. She is also an accomplished translator and is said to have participated in the Danish translation of The Lord of the Rings.[6] Another skill she possesses is costume designing, having designed the costumes for the Royal Danish Ballet's production of A Folk Tale and for the 2009 Peter Flinth film, De vilde svaner (The Wild Swans).[2][10] She also designs her own clothes and is known for her colourful and sometimes eccentric clothing choices. Margrethe also wears designs by former Pierre Balmain designer Erik Mortensen, Jørgen Bender, and Birgitte Taulow.[11] She was listed as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s by The Guardian in March 2013.[12]
Margrethe is a chain smoker, and she is famous for her tobacco habit.[13] However, on 23 November 2006, the Danish newspaper B.T. reported an announcement from the Royal Court stating that in future the Queen would smoke only in private.[14]
A statement in a 2005 authorized biography about the Queen (entitled Margrethe) focused on her views of Islam: "We are being challenged by Islam these years. Globally as well as locally. There is something impressive about people for whom religion imbues their existence, from dusk to dawn, from cradle to grave. There are also Christians who feel this way. There is something endearing about people who give themselves up completely to their faith. But there is likewise something frightening about such a totality, which also is a feature of Islam. A counterbalance has to be found, and one has to, at times, run the risk of having unflattering labels placed on you. For there are some things for which one should display no tolerance. And when we are tolerant, we must know whether it is because of convenience or conviction."[15]
Queen Margrethe II visited the Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders, in Nanjing, April 27, 2014. The Queen said the Memorial Hall records the darkest part of history in 77 years. "We cannot change the cruel history, but can learn a historic lesson and experience from it. Today, we commemorate Sindberg. We need not only to review the past, but also need to face up to the future," she said. Margrethe II and Prince Henrik watered a tree symbolizing peace, on the square outside the Memorial Hall. They also laid down a yellow rose, named by Sindberg’s hometown as "Forever Nanjing, Sindberg Yellow Rose" in 2004.
Godchildren
Among others, the Queen is a godmother to:
- Ellen Hillingsø (born 9 March 1967)
- His Majesty The King of the Netherlands (Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand; born 27 April 1967)
- Her Serene Highness Princess Alexandra of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Alexandra Rosemarie Ingrid Benedikte; born 20 November 1970)
- His Royal Highness Crown Prince Haakon of Norway (Haakon Magnus; born 20 July 1973)
- His Royal Highness Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland (Carl Philip Edmund Bertil of Sweden; born 13 May 1979)
- Her Royal Highness Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (born 9 June 1983)
Family
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Monarchy_Of_Denmark_April_2010.jpg/220px-Monarchy_Of_Denmark_April_2010.jpg)
The Queen and The Prince Consort have two sons and eight grandchildren:
- His Royal Highness Crown Prince Frederik André Henrik Christian of Denmark (born 26 May 1968). He was married to Mary Donaldson on 14 May 2004 at Copenhagen Cathedral, Copenhagen. The couple have four children:
- His Royal Highness Prince Christian Valdemar Henri John of Denmark (born 15 October 2005)
- Her Royal Highness Princess Isabella Henrietta Ingrid Margrethe of Denmark (born 21 April 2007)
- His Royal Highness Prince Vincent Frederik Minik Alexander of Denmark (born 8 January 2011)
- Her Royal Highness Princess Josephine Sophia Ivalo Mathilda of Denmark (born 8 January 2011)
- His Royal Highness Prince Joachim Holger Waldemar Christian of Denmark (born 7 June 1969). He was married to Alexandra Manley on 18 November 1995 at Frederiksborg Palace Church, Hillerød. They divorced on 8 April 2005. He was married secondly to Marie Cavallier on 24 May 2008 at Møgeltønder Church, Møgeltønder. Joachim has four children; three sons and one daughter:
- His Highness Prince Nikolai William Alexander Frederik of Denmark (born 28 August 1999)
- His Highness Prince Felix Henrik Valdemar Christian of Denmark (born 22 July 2002)
- His Highness Prince Henrik Carl Joachim Alain of Denmark (born 4 May 2009)
- Her Highness Princess Athena Marguerite Françoise Marie of Denmark (born 24 January 2012)
In 2008, the Queen announced that her male-line descendants would bear the additional title of Count of Monpezat, in recognition of her husband's claim to the comital title.[16]
Honours and decorations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Queen_Margrethe_21-06-2005_V%C3%A1gur.jpg/220px-Queen_Margrethe_21-06-2005_V%C3%A1gur.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Queen_Margrethe_II_and_Prince_Henrik_of_Denmark_welcome_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush.jpg/220px-Queen_Margrethe_II_and_Prince_Henrik_of_Denmark_welcome_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush.jpg)
See also : List of honours of the Danish Royal Family by country
She is the 1,188th knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain, and the 961st Knight/Lady of the Order of the Garter and Colonel-in-Chief of the The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires) in United Kingdom.[17]
Danish decorations
Order of the Elephant
Royal Family Order of Frederick IX of Denmark
Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog
One hundred anniversary Commemorative Medal of King Frederik IX's birth
One hundred anniversary Commemorative Medal of King Christian X's birth
Queen Ingrid's Commemorative Medal
Commemorative Medal for the 50-year anniversary of Her Majesty Queen Ingrid's arrival in Denmark
Home Guard fortjensttegn
Home Guard 25-year mark
Civil Defense League glory sign
Danish Reserve Officers Association Medal
Greenlandic decorations
Medal of Merit of Greenland Nersornaat
Foreign decorations
Argentina: Grand Cross of the Order of the Liberator San Martín
Austria: Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria (1964)[18]
Belgium: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (Belgium)[19]
Brazil: Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross
Bulgaria: Grand Cross with Cordon of the Order of the Stara Planina
Chile: Collar of the Order of the Merit of Chile
Croatia: Grand Order of King Tomislav
Estonia: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
United Arab Emirates: Collar of the Order of Al Kamal
Egypt: Collar of the Order of the Nile
Finland: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose
France: Knight Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Germany: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Special Class
Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer
Greek Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Olga and Sophia
Iceland: Grand Cross (1958) with Collar (1973) of the Order of the Falcon[20]
Iranian Imperial Family: Dame Grand Cordon of the Order of the Pleiades, 1st Class
Italy: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Japan: Dame Grand Cordon (1st Class) of the Order of the Precious Crown
Japan: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum
Jordan: Collar of the Order of the Star of Jordan
Yugoslavia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Yugoslav Star
Latvia: Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of the Three Stars
Lithuania: Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great (1996)[21]
Luxembourg: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
Mexico: Collar of the Order of the Aztec Eagle (2008)[22]
Morocco: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite
Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion[23][24][25]
Nepal: Nepal Pratap Bhaskara (Nepal Decoration of Honour)
Norway: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Olav
Poland: Knight of the Order of the White Eagle
Poland: Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
Portugal: Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry
Portugal: Grand Collar of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Romania: Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania
Saudi Arabia: Collar of the Order of Abdulaziz al Saud
Slovakia: First Class (Grand Cross) of the Order of the White Double Cross[26]
Slovenia: Golden Order of Freedom of the Republic of Slovenia
Spain: Knight with Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece (1985)[27]
Spain: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Charles III[28][29]
Sweden: Member Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
Sweden: HM King Carl XVI Gustaf 50th Anniversary Medal (1996)[30]
Sweden: Commemorative Ruby Jubilee Medal of His Majesty The King (2013)[31]
South Africa: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Good Hope
South Korea: Knight of Supreme Order of the Mugunghwa (Hibiscus)[32]
Thailand: Knight Grand Cordon with Chain of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri
Thailand: Knight Grand Cordon with Chain of the Order of the Rajamitrabhorn
United Kingdom: Lady of the Order of the Garter
- : Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
- : Knight of the Royal Victorian Chain
Symbols of Margrethe II
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Royal Coat of Arms
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Royal Standard
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Royal Monogram of Margrethe II
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Personal Monogram of Margrethe II
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Dual Monogram of Margrethe II and husband Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark
16 April 1940 – 27 March 1953: Her Royal Highness Princess Margrethe of Denmark
27 March 1953 – 14 January 1972: Her Royal Highness Princess Margrethe, The Hereditary Princess of Denmark
14 January 1972 – present: Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II of Denmark
Ancestry
Patrilineal descent
Patrilineal descent |
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Margrethe's patriline is the line from which she is descended father to son. Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations—which means that if Margrethe II were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Oldenburg.
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See also
References
- ^ "150 years of the House of Glücksborg". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II". Kongehuset.dk. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ "Those Apprentice Kings and Queens Who May – One Day – Ascend a Throne". The New York Times. 14 November 1971.
- ^ "Elvis Presley with Princesses Margrethe of Denmark, Astrid of Norway, and Margaretha of Sweden". elvispresleymusic.com.au. 7 June 1960. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ "Princess Margrethe, who is fifteen and is heir presumptive to the Danish throne, is to study for a year in England at North Foreland Lodge, a girls' boarding school near Basingstoke, in Hampshire...". The Illustrated London News. Vol. 227, no. 2. 1955. p. 552.
- ^ a b c d "Margrethe and Henrik Biography". Royalinsight.net. 16 April 1940. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
- ^ "Queen Margrethe II of Denmark 40 years on the Throne". Radical Royalist. 13 January 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "The Monarchy today". Kongehuset.dk. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ "Queen Margrethe II of Denmark marks 40 years on the throne". BBC News. 12 January 2012.
- ^ "De vilde svaner (2009)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ "Flashback Friday: Queen Margrethe's Style". The Royal Order of Sartorial Splendor. 13 January 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Cartner-Morley, Jess; Mirren, Helen; Huffington, Arianna; Amos, Valerie (28 March 2013). "The 50 best-dressed over 50s". The Guardian. Manchester.
- ^ Isherwood, Julian (23 March 2001). "Danish royals angry at cancer accusation". BBC News. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ Template:Wayback. bt.dk. 26 November 2006
- ^ Cleaver, Hannah (15 April 2005). "We need a counter-balance to Islam, says Danish queen". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ "Monpezat til Frederik og Joachim". Berlingske Tidende. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "No. 54745". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=
(help)). 21 April 1997. - ^ "Bundeskanzler Anfragebeantwortung An die Präsidentin des Nationalrats" (PDF) (in German). p. 168. Retrieved November 2012.
{{cite web}}
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(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help) - ^ Photos: "Albert II & Margrethe II"."Group photo". Belga.
- ^ "Fálkaorðuhafar". The President of Iceland. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Apdovanojimai". President of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "ACUERDO por el que se otorga a Su Majestad Margrethe II Reina de Dinamarca, la Condecoración de la Orden Mexicana del Aguila Azteca en el grado de Collar". Secretariat of the Interior. 13 February 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/464081936578471504/
- ^ "Dutch State Visit to Denmark". Benelux Royal Jewels. 11 November 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ "Dutch State visit to Denmark - Gala Dinner at Christiansborg Palace". New My Royals. 17 March 2015.
- ^ "Photo of the Danish Royal couple with the Slovakian Presidential couple". Kongehuset.dk.
- ^ "REAL DECRETO 1948/1985. de 23 de octubre. por el Que se concede el Collar de la Insigne Orden del Toisón de Oro a Su Majestad Margarita ll, Reina de Dinamarca" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado. 24 October 1985. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "REAL DECRETO 738/1980, de 15 de marzo, por el que se concede el Collar de la Real y Muy Distinguida Orden de Carlos Ill a Su Majestad Margarita ll, Reina de Dinamarca" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado. 24 April 1980. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "The Floral Tiara". At The Spanish Court. 5 May 2013.
- ^ "50th Anniversary Of King Carl Gustav Of Sweden In Stockholm, Sweden – News Photo". Gettyimages.ca. 30 April 1996. Retrieved 11 December 2014..
- ^ "Ruby Jubilee in Sweden" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. 16 September 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
- ^ "Dîner de gala au Palais de Fredensborg". Noblesse et Royautes. 13 May 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
{{cite web}}
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External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png)
- 1940 births
- Aarhus University alumni
- Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge
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- 20th-century women writers
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