2007 in spaceflight: Difference between revisions
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|date=17 December |time=22:05<ref name="MDA1712">{{cite web|url=http://www.mda.mil/mdalink/pdf/07news0053.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Missile Defense Agency|title=Japan/U.S. Missile Defense Flight Test Successful|date=17 December 2007|accessdate=3 April 2008 |
|date=17 December |time=22:05<ref name="MDA1712">{{cite web|url=http://www.mda.mil/mdalink/pdf/07news0053.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Missile Defense Agency |title=Japan/U.S. Missile Defense Flight Test Successful |date=17 December 2007 |accessdate=3 April 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411174752/http://www.mda.mil/mdalink/pdf/07news0053.pdf |archivedate=11 April 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> |
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|rocket={{flagicon|USA}}Castor 4B |
|rocket={{flagicon|USA}}Castor 4B |
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|site={{flagicon|USA}}Kauai |
|site={{flagicon|USA}}Kauai |
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|STS-117<br />ISS ''Quest'' |
|STS-117<br />ISS ''Quest'' |
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|{{flagicon|USA}}James F. Reilly<br />{{flagicon|USA}}John D. Olivas |
|{{flagicon|USA}}James F. Reilly<br />{{flagicon|USA}}John D. Olivas |
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|Repaired the [[Orbital Maneuvering System]] (OMS) pod thermal blanket, finished the [[Integrated Truss Structure#P6.2C S6 trusses|P6]] [[Integrated Truss Structure#Solar arrays|solar array]] retraction, and installed a hydrogen ventilation valve onto [[Destiny (ISS module)|''Destiny'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2007/06/success-filled-day-for-sts-117s-eva-3/ |title=Success filled day for STS-117’s EVA-3 |accessdate=6 October 2008 |publisher=NASA SpaceFlight.com |year=2007 |author=Chris Bergin |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5eFHw2MZg?url=http |
|Repaired the [[Orbital Maneuvering System]] (OMS) pod thermal blanket, finished the [[Integrated Truss Structure#P6.2C S6 trusses|P6]] [[Integrated Truss Structure#Solar arrays|solar array]] retraction, and installed a hydrogen ventilation valve onto [[Destiny (ISS module)|''Destiny'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2007/06/success-filled-day-for-sts-117s-eva-3/ |title=Success filled day for STS-117’s EVA-3 |accessdate=6 October 2008 |publisher=NASA SpaceFlight.com |year=2007 |author=Chris Bergin |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5eFHw2MZg?url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2007/06/success-filled-day-for-sts-117s-eva-3/ |archivedate=31 January 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> |
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|publisher=Spaceflight Now |
|publisher=Spaceflight Now |
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|accessdate=23 July 2007 |
|accessdate=23 July 2007 |
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|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5doGWLQCX?url=http |
|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5doGWLQCX?url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts118/070708preview/ |
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|archivedate=14 January 2009 |
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|Expedition 16<br />ISS ''Quest'' |
|Expedition 16<br />ISS ''Quest'' |
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|{{flagicon|USA}}Peggy Whitson<br />{{flagicon|USA}}Daniel M. Tani |
|{{flagicon|USA}}Peggy Whitson<br />{{flagicon|USA}}Daniel M. Tani |
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|Inspected the [[Integrated Truss Structure#P3.2FP4.2C S3.2FS4 truss assemblies|S4]] starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ), and a Beta Gimbal Assembly (BGA).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,317221,00.html |title=Astronauts Take Spacewalk to Inspect Defective Solar Wing Mechanisms |accessdate=18 December 2007 |publisher=Fox News |agency=Associated Press |date=18 December 2007 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5dlVzhBKx?url=http |
|Inspected the [[Integrated Truss Structure#P3.2FP4.2C S3.2FS4 truss assemblies|S4]] starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ), and a Beta Gimbal Assembly (BGA).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,317221,00.html |title=Astronauts Take Spacewalk to Inspect Defective Solar Wing Mechanisms |accessdate=18 December 2007 |publisher=Fox News |agency=Associated Press |date=18 December 2007 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5dlVzhBKx?url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C317221%2C00.html |archivedate=12 January 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/iss_reports/reports2007/12-18-2007.htm|title=ISS On-Orbit Status 12/18/07|accessdate=6 October 2008|publisher=NASA|year=2007|author=NASA|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090109160111/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/iss_reports/reports2007/12-18-2007.htm |archivedate = 9 January 2009|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |
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|100th EVA in support of the ISS.<br />Whitson became the female astronaut with the most EVAs and the most time spent in EVA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition16/exp16_eva_121807.html|title=Spacewalkers Find No Solar Wing Smoking Gun|accessdate=18 December 2007|publisher=NASA|year=2007|author=NASA| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071217134249/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition16/exp16_eva_121807.html| archivedate= 17 December 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/ISS/|title=Space Station Commander Breaks Spacewalking Record|accessdate=18 December 2007|publisher=Space.com|year=2007|author=Tariq Malik|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613091215/http://www.space.com/ISS/ |archivedate = 13 June 2007|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |
|100th EVA in support of the ISS.<br />Whitson became the female astronaut with the most EVAs and the most time spent in EVA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition16/exp16_eva_121807.html|title=Spacewalkers Find No Solar Wing Smoking Gun|accessdate=18 December 2007|publisher=NASA|year=2007|author=NASA| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071217134249/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition16/exp16_eva_121807.html| archivedate= 17 December 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/ISS/|title=Space Station Commander Breaks Spacewalking Record|accessdate=18 December 2007|publisher=Space.com|year=2007|author=Tariq Malik|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613091215/http://www.space.com/ISS/ |archivedate = 13 June 2007|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 00:22, 18 June 2017
![]() SRE-1, the first Indian recovered spacecraft, on public display at Thiruvananthapuram | |
Orbital launches | |
---|---|
First | 10 January |
Last | 25 December |
Total | 68 |
Successes | 63 |
Failures | 3 |
Partial failures | 2 |
Catalogued | 65 |
National firsts | |
Satellite | ![]() ![]() |
Space traveller | ![]() |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | Atlas V 421 Long March 3B/E Proton-M Enhanced PSLV-CA Shavit-2 Zenit-2M |
Retirements | H-IIA 2022 |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 5 |
Total travellers | 27 |
The year 2007 contained several significant events in spaceflight, including a Chinese ASAT test, the launches of the US Phoenix and Dawn missions to study Mars and Asteroid belt respectively, Japan's Kaguya Lunar orbiter, and the first Chinese Lunar probe, Chang'e 1.
The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first recorded spaceflight launch of the year occurred on 10 January, when a PSLV, launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, placed four spacecraft into low Earth orbit. One of these spacecraft was SRE-1, which returned to Earth twelve days later, in the first Indian attempt to recover a satellite after re-entry.
Several carrier rockets made their maiden flights in 2007; the PSLV-CA, Long March 3B/E, Shavit-2, Zenit-2M, Proton-M Enhanced. These were all modernised or upgraded versions of existing systems. The RS-24 missile also conducted its first launch, and the Atlas V made its first flight in the 421 configuration. The first Colombian and Mauritian satellites, Libertad 1 and Rascom-QAF 1 respectively, were launched in 2007, although a helium leak reduced Rascom's operational lifetime by thirteen years.
Space exploration
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dawn_launch.jpg/200px-Dawn_launch.jpg)
Several spacecraft were launched to explore the Moon. Japan's Kaguya orbiter, along with the smaller Okina and Ouna relay spacecraft, was launched on 14 September. The spacecraft entered Selenocentric orbit on 3 October. China launched its first Lunar probe, Chang'e 1, on 24 October, with the spacecraft entering Selenocentric orbit on 5 November. In 2009, two satellites launched into highly elliptical Earth orbits in 2007 as part of the THEMIS mission were also sent to the Moon. They are expected to arrive in October 2010.
In August, the NASA Phoenix spacecraft was launched towards Mars, followed by the Dawn mission to the Asteroid belt in September. Cassini continued to make flybys of the moons of Saturn, mostly focussing on Titan. In November, Rosetta flew past Earth, where it was mistaken for an asteroid, and given the provisional designation 2007 VN84.
Manned spaceflight
Five manned flights were launched in 2007, two by Russia and three by the United States. Russia flew two Soyuz missions to the International Space Station for crew rotation. Soyuz TMA-10, launched on 7 April, carried the Expedition 15 crew to the Station. Space tourist Charles Simonyi was also launched on this flight, and landed aboard Soyuz TMA-9 a few days later. When TMA-10 returned to Earth in October, it made the first of two consecutive ballistic re-entries of Soyuz spacecraft, due to problems with separation bolts. Soyuz TMA-11, launched on 10 October, carried the Expedition 16 crew, and the first Malaysian in space, Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, who was selected for flight under the Angkasawan programme. He landed aboard Soyuz TMA-10. When TMA-11 landed in 2008, it also made a ballistic descent.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iss016e012617.jpg/200px-Iss016e012617.jpg)
2007 also saw the continued assembly of the International Space Station, by US Space Shuttle flights. On 8 June Atlantis made the first Shuttle launch of the year, STS-117, with seven astronauts, and the S3/4 truss segment of the ISS. It was the first Shuttle to launch from Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center since STS-107 in 2003. Launch had previously been delayed from February due to Hail damage to the External Tank, which required a rollback to repair in the Vehicle Assembly Building. In August, Endeavour launched on its first mission since 2002, STS-118. This carried the S5 truss segment, and marked the final flight of the Spacehab module, which was used to carry supplies. NASA's first Educator Astronaut, Barbara Morgan flew aboard STS-118. Morgan had previously been a backup for Christa McAuliffe, who was killed in the Challenger accident in 1986. STS-120, launched on 23 October using Discovery, carried the Harmony node, the first pressurised ISS component to be launched since Pirs in September 2001. Attempts to launch Atlantis in December on STS-122 were scrubbed, and the launch was delayed to 2008 after ECO sensors in the External Tank failed.
Launch failures
Three orbital launch attempts in 2007, involving a Zenit, a Falcon 1, and a Proton failed, and two others, an Atlas V and a GSLV, resulted in partial failures. On 30 January, a Sea Launch Zenit-3SL exploded on the Ocean Odyssey launch platform, seconds after ignition. The failure destroyed the NSS-8 satellite, and caused considerable damage to the Odyssey platform. It was later determined that the failure had been caused by debris in the turbopump. As a result of downtime to conduct repairs, and bad sea conditions at the end of the year, Sea Launch did not conduct another launch until 2008.
On 21 March, SpaceX launched the second Falcon 1. Due to the failure of the maiden flight, the launch was conducted as a demonstration flight without a functional payload. The launch failed to reach orbit due to a chain of events, starting with an error in setting the fuel mix ratio, which resulted in first stage underperformance, and the rocket being too low at the time of first stage separation. Additional atmospheric drag at this altitude caused recontact between the stages, setting up a fuel slosh in the second stage. This resulted in the premature cutoff of the second stage, and the rocket failed to reach orbit. This was the last launch of the Falcon 1 with the ablatively cooled Merlin-1A engine, which was replaced with the regeneratively cooled Merlin-1C for subsequent flights, starting in August 2008. As several test objectives were completed, SpaceX claimed that the launch was a success overall, and declared the Falcon 1 operational.
The Atlas family ended a run of eighty consecutive successful launches over fourteen years, after a partial failure of an Atlas V launched on 15 June. A faulty valve caused a fuel leak in the Centaur upper stage, resulting in a premature cutoff at the end of its second burn. This resulted in the USA-194 satellites being delivered into a lower orbit than planned. The spacecraft were able to correct the orbit using their manoeuvring engines.
The fifth GSLV was launched on 2 September, with the INSAT-4CR satellite. This was the first GSLV launch since the failure in July 2006. The rocket underperformed, and placed the satellite into an orbit with a lower apogee and greater inclination than planned. This required the spacecraft to use fuel reserved for stationkeeping to raise itself to the correct orbit, at the expense of its operational lifetime.
On 5 September, a Proton-M with a Briz-M upper stage failed to place the JCSAT-11 into orbit, after the second stage of the carrier rocket failed to separate from the first. It was later established that damaged cabling had been the cause of the malfunction.
Summary of launches
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Delta-4H_DSP-23_2.jpg/200px-Delta-4H_DSP-23_2.jpg)
In total, sixty eight orbital launches were made in 2007, with sixty five reaching orbit, and three outright failures. This was an increase of two orbital launch attempts on 2006, with one more launch reaching orbit. The final launch of the year was conducted on 25 December, by a Proton-M with three GLONASS navigation satellites for the Russian government.
Suborbital spaceflight in 2007 saw a number of sounding rocket and missile launches. On 11 January, the Chinese People's Liberation Army used a Dong-Feng 21 derived anti-satellite weapon to destroy Feng Yun 1C, a retired weather satellite. Russia also began testing the RS-24 Yars missile
China conducted ten orbital launches in 2007, using the Long March family of rockets, whilst Europe conducted five using the Ariane 5. India made three orbital launch attempts, using PSLV-C, PSLV-CA and GSLV rockets, with the GSLV launch resulting in a partial failure. Israel conducted a single successful launch using the first Shavit-2 rocket. Japan successfully launched two H-IIA rockets. Russia and the former Soviet Union conducted twenty six launches, including one failure, but not including the international Sea Launch programme, whose single launch attempt failed. Nineteen launches were conducted by the United States, which had originally announced plans to launch many more, however technical issues with the Atlas V, Delta IV and Falcon 1, caused a number of delays. Two of six planned Space Shuttle launches were also delayed to 2008, STS-123 due to knock-on delays from STS-117, and STS-122 due to problems with engine cutoff sensors.
Launches
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
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Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
January | |||||||
10 January 03:53[1] |
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ISRO | Sun-synchronous | Imagery | In orbit | Ongoing | ||
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ISRO | Low Earth (polar) | Technology | 22 January 04:16[2] |
Successful | ||
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LAPAN/TU Berlin | Low Earth (polar) | Imagery | In orbit | Ongoing | ||
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AATE | Low Earth (polar) | Technology | In orbit | Ongoing | ||
SRE was the first Indian spacecraft to be recovered following reentry, Pehuensat intentionally remained attached to payload adaptor | |||||||
11 January 22:28[3][4] |
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PLA | Suborbital | ASAT test | 11 January | Successful | ||
Destroyed Feng Yun 1C satellite | |||||||
16 January 02:20[4] |
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JAXA | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 16 January | Successful | |||
18 January 02:12[5] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 1 August 19:26 |
Successful | ||
ISS flight 24P | |||||||
19 January 12:29[4] |
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Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 19 January | Successful | ||
19 January 12:30[4] |
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Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 19 January | Successful | ||
19 January 12:44[4] |
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Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 19 January | Successful | ||
19 January 12:45[4] |
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Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 19 January | Successful | ||
27 January 05:20[4] |
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MDA | Suborbital | Target | 27 January | Successful | ||
Intercepted by THAAD | |||||||
27 January[4] | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 27 January | Successful | ||
30 January 23:22[5] |
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SES New Skies | Intended: Geosynchronous | Communication | T-0 | Launch failure | ||
First stage engine failed due to debris in turbopump,[6] rocket exploded on launch pad | |||||||
30 January[4] | ![]() |
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Syrian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 January | Successful | |||
February | |||||||
2 February 16:28[7] |
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CNSA | Geostationary | Navigation | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure Operational | ||
Problems deploying solar panels, eventually corrected from ground | |||||||
7 February 08:15[4] |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 February | Successful | ||
Impacted Reagan Test Site | |||||||
12 February 12:45[4] |
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Dartmouth | Suborbital | Auroral | 12 February | Successful | ||
14 February 09:22[4] |
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Alaska | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 14 February | Successful | ||
14 February 09:27[4] |
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Alaska | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 14 February | Successful | ||
14 February 09:36[4] |
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Alaska | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 14 February | Successful | ||
14 February 09:38[4] |
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Alaska | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 14 February | Successful | ||
17 February 23:01[7] |
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NASA | Highly elliptical | Auroral | In orbit | Operational | ||
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NASA | Highly elliptical Selenocentric (planned) |
Auroral | In orbit | Operational | ||
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NASA | Highly elliptical Selenocentric (planned) |
Auroral | In orbit | Operational | ||
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NASA | Highly elliptical | Auroral | In orbit | Operational | ||
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NASA | Highly elliptical | Auroral | In orbit | Operational | ||
Primary THEMIS mission completed in 2009. Three spacecraft remain in use for an extension of the same mission, whilst the other two are en route to the Moon for the Artemis mission. | |||||||
24 February 04:41[7] |
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CSICE | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | 13 April 2014 | Partial spacecraft failure | ||
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CSICE | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance Technology |
12 November 2013 02:31 |
Successful | ||
IGS-Radar 2 failed on 29 August 2010 due to battery problems[9] | |||||||
25 February[7] | ![]() |
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INSA | Suborbital | Scientific | 25 February | Successful | ||
First successful Iranian scientific launch | |||||||
28 February 08:39[4] |
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Dartmouth | Suborbital | Scientific | 28 February | Successful | ||
March | |||||||
1 March | ![]() |
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Andøya | Suborbital | Technology | 1 March | Partial launch failure | ||
Rocket underperformed and failed to reach correct apogee | |||||||
6 March 00:30[4] |
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US Army/MDA | Suborbital | Target | 6 March | Successful | |||
9 March 03:10[10] |
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DARPA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Successful | ||
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DARPA | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Successful | ||
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US Naval Academy | Low Earth | Radiation Technology |
In orbit | Operational | ||
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US Air Force Academy | Low Earth | Ionospheric Plasma |
In orbit | Operational | ||
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US Air Force/STP | Low Earth | Atmospheric Technology |
In orbit | Operational | ||
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LANL | Low Earth | Ionospheric | In orbit | Operational | ||
ASTRO and NEXTSat were used for the Orbital Express test programme, with the former refuelling and servicing the latter Launch designated STP-1 | |||||||
11 March 22:03[10] |
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Paradigm/MoD | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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ISRO | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
21 March 01:10[11] |
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SpaceX/DARPA/NASA | Intended: Low Earth | Technology | 21 March | Launch failure | ||
Loss of signal after control problems, failed to reach orbit, some test objectives achieved | |||||||
21 March 04:27[4] |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 21 March | Successful | |||
Tracking demonstration | |||||||
30 March | ![]() |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 30 March | Successful | |||
apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
April | |||||||
6 April 06:42[4] |
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MDA | Suborbital | Target | 6 April | Successful | |||
Tracking demonstration | |||||||
7 April 17:31[11] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS Expedition 15 | 21 October 10:36 |
Successful | ||
Manned flight with three cosmonauts, including a paying space tourist | |||||||
9 April 22:54[11] |
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Telesat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure | ||
Ka-band transmitter malfunction | |||||||
11 April 03:27[11] |
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CAST | Sun-synchronous | Oceanography | In orbit | Operational | ||
12 April 05:32[4] |
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IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 April | Successful | ||
13 April 20:11[11] |
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CNSA | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
17 April 06:46:34[11] |
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NARS | Sun-synchronous | Observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Scientific | In orbit | Operational | ||
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RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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RSRI | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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CalPoly | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure Operational | ||
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CalPoly | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Lafayette | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure | ||
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Sergio Arboleda | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Successful | ||
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Aerospace Corporation | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | ||
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Boeing | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Tethers Unlimited | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Operational | ||
CP-3, CP-4, CAPE-1, Libertad 1, AeroCube 2, CSTB-1, and MAST in P-POD containers, problems with power supply of CAPE-1; Libertad 1 deactivated following completion of mission; AeroCube 2 suffered solar panel/converter malfunction;[12] CP-3 mission affected by communications system reliability issues[13] | |||||||
23 April 10:00[11] |
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ASI | Low Earth | GR Astronomy | In orbit | Operational | ||
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ISRO | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | ||
Maiden flight of PSLV-CA | |||||||
24 April 06:48[14] |
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MDA | Low Earth | Missile defence | In orbit | Operational | ||
25 April 20:26:00[14] |
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NASA | Low Earth | Aeronomy | In orbit | Operational | ||
26 April 21:31[4] |
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Target | US Navy | Suborbital | Target | 26 April | Successful | ||
Intercepted by SM-3 | |||||||
26 April 21:32[4] |
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Interceptor | US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 26 April | Successful | ||
Intercepted Terrier-Orion | |||||||
28 April 14:56[4] |
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Celestis | Suborbital | Space burial | 28 April | Successful | ||
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CCAT/NALI | Suborbital | Student research | 28 April | Successful | ||
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NASA/Colorado | Suborbital | Technology | 28 April | Successful | ||
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Epsori Space Systems | Suborbital | Biological | 28 April | Successful | ||
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MEI | Suborbital | Drink ingredients | 28 April | Successful | ||
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Astrata RocketFoto Astrax |
Suborbital | 28 April | Successful | |||
Recoverable sounding launch to an apogee of 117 kilometres, Legacy included remains of Astronaut Gordon Cooper and actor James Doohan, bad weather delayed recovery | |||||||
May | |||||||
4 May 22:29[14] |
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SES Astra | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
12 May 03:25:38[14] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 25 September 19:48 |
Successful | ||
ISS flight 25P | |||||||
13 May 16:01[14] |
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NASRDA | Service: Geosynchronous Now: Graveyard |
Communications | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | ||
Maiden flight of Long March 3B/E, first African geosynchronous communication satellite, retired due to power system malfunction in November 2008.[15] | |||||||
15 May[4] | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | SLBM test | 15 May | Successful | ||
15 May[4] | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | SLBM test | 15 May | Successful | ||
25 May 07:12[17] |
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CNSA | Sun-synchronous | Earth imaging | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Zhejiang University | Sun-synchronous | Technology | In orbit | Operational | ||
100th successful Chinese orbital launch,[16] MEMS-Pico conducted microelectronic research | |||||||
25 May 13:15 |
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FTG-03 Target | MDA | Suborbital | ABM Target | 25 May | Failure | ||
Did not reach correct altitude, GMD-OBV interceptor not launched[18] | |||||||
29 May 10:20[4] |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 May | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of RS-24 missile | |||||||
29 May 20:31:30[17] |
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
31 May 16:08[17] |
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Sinosat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
100th flight of Long March carrier rocket | |||||||
June | |||||||
7 June 18:00[17] |
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VKS | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 22 August 21:00 |
Successful | ||
8 June 02:34:01[17] |
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ASI[19] | Sun-synchronous | Imaging | In orbit | Operational | ||
8 June 23:38:04[17] |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 22 June 19:49:38 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | In orbit | Operational | ||
Manned orbital flight with 7 astronauts, ISS crew rotation | |||||||
10 June | ![]() |
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IAI/Israeli military | Low Earth (retrograde) | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational[20] | ||
Maiden flight of Shavit-2 | |||||||
15 June 02:14[17] |
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DLR | Low Earth | Radar imaging | In orbit | Operational | ||
15 June 02:45[4] |
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DSTO | Suborbital | Hypersonic research | 15 June | Successful | ||
15 June 15:04[17] |
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NRO | Low Earth | Ocean surveillance | In orbit | Partial launch failure Operational | ||
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NRO | Low Earth | Ocean surveillance | In orbit | Partial launch failure Operational | ||
NRO Launch 30R, placed in incorrect orbit due to premature cutoff of Centaur upper stage,[21] spacecraft corrected using their own thrusters, reducing lifespan | |||||||
15 June[4] | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Target | 15 June | Successful | ||
15 June[4] | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Target | 15 June | Successful | ||
20 June | ![]() |
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NASA/Colorado | Suborbital | Technology | 20 June | Successful | ||
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MEI | Suborbital | Drink ingredients | 20 June | Successful | ||
21 June[4] | ![]() |
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NASA | ||||
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NASA/NSROC | Suborbital | Test rocket | 21 June | Successful | ||
21 June[4] | ![]() |
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FOST | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 June | Successful | |||
23 June 02:40[4] |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Target | 23 June | Successful | |||
Intercepted by SM-3 | |||||||
23 June 02:44[4] |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 23 June | Successful | |||
Intercepted Castor 4B | |||||||
28 June[4] | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 June | Successful | |||
28 June 15:02[22] |
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Bigelow Aerospace | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Operational | ||
Experimental inflatable module | |||||||
29 June 10:00[22] |
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VKS | Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Operational | ||
Maiden flight of Zenit-2M | |||||||
July | |||||||
2 July 19:38[22] |
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Bundeswehr | Low Earth (Polar) | Radar reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
5 July 12:08[22] |
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ChinaSatcom | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
7 July 01:16:00[22] |
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DirecTV | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Maiden flight of Proton-M Enhanced[23] | |||||||
19 July[4] | ![]() |
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INPE | Suborbital | Microgravity | 19 July | Partial spacecraft failure | ||
Parachute or flotation system malfunction prevented recovery | |||||||
August | |||||||
2 August 17:33:48[24] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics Technology |
22 January 2008 19:52 |
Successful | ||
ISS flight 26P, Remained in orbit after undocking to conduct technological experiments | |||||||
3 August 22:51:20[4] |
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NASA/Colorado | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 3 August | Successful | ||
3 August 23:22[4] |
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ARR, DLR, IAP | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 3 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: 126.5 kilometres (78.6 mi) | |||||||
4 August 09:26:34[24] |
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NASA | Heliocentric | Mars lander | 25 May 2008 23:38 |
Successful | ||
Landed on Mars, discovered water there, last signal from spacecraft received on 2 November 2008 | |||||||
6 August 22:56[4] |
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NASA/Colorado | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 6 August | Successful | ||
7 August[4] | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 August | Successful | |||
8 August 22:36:42[25] |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 21 August 16:32 |
Successful | ||
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NASA/SpaceHab | Low Earth (STS) | Logistics | Successful | |||
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | In orbit | Operational | ||
Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts, final flight of SpaceHab module | |||||||
13 August 05:45[4] |
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NASA/JHU | Suborbital | Ultraviolet astronomy | 13 August | Successful | ||
14 August 23:44[25] |
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Hughes | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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BSAT | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
23 August 08:31[4] |
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MDA | Suborbital | Target | 23 August 09:01 |
Successful | ||
Tracking target for the NFIRE spacecraft | |||||||
September | |||||||
2 September 10:20 |
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JAXA/Kochi | Suborbital | Thermospheric | 2 September | Successful | ||
2 September 12:51[4] |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Partial launch failure Partial spacecraft failure Operational | ||
Apogee lower and inclination higher than expected, due to carrier rocket underperformance,[26] lifespan further reduced by drift following tracking failure. 5 years of operational life lost.[27] | |||||||
5 September 22:43[4] |
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JSAT Corporation | Intended: Geostationary | Communications | ~+135 seconds | Launch failure | ||
Second stage failed to separate due to damaged cabling.[28] | |||||||
6 September 21:09 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Technology | 6 September 21:19 |
Successful | ||
11 September 13:05[4] |
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VKS | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
13 September | ![]() |
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NSPO | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 13 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~280 km (174 mi) | |||||||
14 September 01:31:01[4] |
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JAXA | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | In orbit | Operational | ||
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JAXA | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | 12 February 2009 08:46 |
Successful | ||
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JAXA | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | In orbit | Operational | ||
14 September 11:00[4] |
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Roskosmos/ESA | Low Earth | Scientific | 26 September | Successful | ||
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Low Earth | Technology development | Unknown | Spacecraft failure | |||
YES2 tether may have failed to deploy fully. Satellite recovery failed.[29] | |||||||
18 September 18:35[4] |
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DigitalGlobe | Low Earth | Imaging | In orbit | Operational | ||
75th consecutive successful Delta II launch. | |||||||
19 September 03:26[4] |
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CASC/INPE | Sun-synchronous | Remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | ||
27 September 11:34[30] |
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NASA | Heliocentric Then: Ceres orbit Then: Vesta orbit |
Asteroid research | In orbit | Operational | ||
Will explore dwarf planet Ceres and asteroid 4 Vesta, Ceres was designated as an asteroid during mission planning | |||||||
28 September 20:16 |
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FTG-03a | MDA | Suborbital | Target | 28 September | Successful | ||
Intercepted by Ground Based Interceptor | |||||||
28 September 20:18 |
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FTG-03a | MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 28 September | Successful | ||
Intercepted Polaris (STARS) | |||||||
October | |||||||
5 October 05:50 |
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IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 October | Successful | |||
5 October 22:02:26[30] |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Optus | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
10 October 13:22:39[30] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS Expedition 16 | 19 April 2008 | Successful | ||
Manned orbital flight with 3 cosmonauts, first Malaysian & South Korean in space | |||||||
11 October 00:22[30] |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Maiden flight of Atlas V 421 | |||||||
17 October 12:23:00[31] |
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US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
700th flight of Thor rocket (Variant used as first stage). | |||||||
20 October 20:12:25[31] |
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
23 October 04:39[31] |
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VKS | Molniya | Early warning | In orbit | Operational | ||
23 October 15:38:19[31] |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 7 November 18:01 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | In orbit | Operational | ||
Manned orbital flight with 7 astronauts, crew rotation | |||||||
24 October 10:05[31] |
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CNSA | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | 1 March 2009 08:13[32] |
Successful | ||
First Chinese lunar probe | |||||||
26 October 07:35:24[31] |
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
29 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 October | Successful | |||
30 October 04:12:52 |
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NASA/Texas | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 30 October 04:26:17 |
Successful | ||
November | |||||||
1 November 00:51:44[33] |
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Bundeswehr | Low Earth (polar) | Radar reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
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OHB System | Low Earth (polar) | Technology | In orbit | Operational | ||
6 November 18:00 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Solar | 6 November | Successful | ||
11 November 01:50[33] |
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DoD | Geosynchronous | Missile defence | In orbit | Spacecraft failure[34] | ||
Final DSP satellite Stopped transmitting in September 2008[34] | |||||||
11 November 22:48[33] |
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CNSA | Sun-synchronous | Remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | ||
First launch of Long March 4C after redesignation | |||||||
14 November 22:06[33] |
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Paradigm/MoD | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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Star One | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Record mass to GTO – 9,535 kg (21,021 lb)[35] | |||||||
17 November 22:39:47[33] |
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SES Sirius | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
December | |||||||
8 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 December | Successful | |||
9 December 00:16[36] |
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VKS | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
9 December 02:31:42[36] |
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ASI[19] | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
10 December 09:00:00 |
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NASA/UoI | Suborbital | Electrodynamics | 10 December | Successful | ||
10 December 09:02:00 |
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NASA/UoI | Suborbital | Electrodynamics | 10 December | Successful | ||
10 December 22:05[36] |
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NRO | Molniya | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
NRO Launch 24 | |||||||
14 December 13:17:34[36] |
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MDA Corporation | Sun-synchronous | Radar imaging | In orbit | Operational | ||
17 December 22:05[37] |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Target | 17 December | Successful | ||
Intercepted by SM-3 | |||||||
17 December 22:08[37] |
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JMSDF | Suborbital | ABM test | 17 December | Successful | |||
Intercepted Castor 4B, first Japanese ABM test (Using American technology) | |||||||
17 December | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 17 December | Successful | ||
Multiple re-entry vehicles, impacted Kura Test Range | |||||||
17 December | ![]() |
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AEB/CONAE | Suborbital | Microgravity | 17 December | Successful | ||
20 December 20:04:00[36] |
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US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
21 December 21:41:55[36] |
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Intelsat/JSAT Corporation | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
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RascomSTAR-QAF | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure Operational | ||
Helium leak affected early operations of Rascom-QAF 1,[38] reducing operational lifetime by 13 years. | |||||||
23 December 07:12:41[39] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 15 February 2008 10:29 |
Successful | ||
ISS flight 27P | |||||||
25 December 10:00 |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 December | Successful | ||
Multiple re-entry vehicles, Impacted Kura Test Range | |||||||
25 December 13:10 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 December | Successful | ||
Multiple re-entry vehicles | |||||||
25 December 19:32[39] |
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Maiden flight of Proton-M/DM-2 |
Deep Space Rendezvous
Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
13 January | Cassini | 23rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi) |
29 January | Cassini | 24th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,775 kilometres (1,724 mi) |
22 February | Cassini | 25th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 953 kilometres (592 mi) |
25 February | Rosetta | Flyby of Mars | Gravity assist |
28 February | New Horizons | Flyby of Jupiter | Gravity assist |
10 March | Cassini | 26th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 956 kilometres (594 mi) |
26 March | Cassini | 27th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 953 kilometres (592 mi) |
10 April | Cassini | 28th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 951 kilometres (591 mi) |
26 April | Cassini | 29th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 951 kilometres (591 mi) |
12 May | Cassini | 30th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi) |
28 May | Cassini | 31stflyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,425 kilometres (1,507 mi) |
5 June | MESSENGER | 2nd flyby of Venus | Gravity assist; Closest approach: 338 kilometres (210 mi) |
13 June | Cassini | 32nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi) |
29 June | Cassini | 33rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,942 kilometres (1,207 mi) |
19 July | Cassini | 34thflyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,302 kilometres (809 mi) |
30 August | Cassini | Flyby of Rhea | Closest approach: 5,100 kilometres (3,200 mi) |
31 August | Cassini | 35th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 3,227 kilometres (2,005 mi) |
10 September | Cassini | Flyby of Iapetus | Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) |
2 October | Cassini | 36th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi) |
3 October[40] | Kaguya | Selenocentric orbit injection | |
5 November | Chang'e 1 | Selenocentric orbit injection | |
13 November | Rosetta | 2nd flyby of the Earth | Mistaken for asteroid, given the designation 2007 VN84 |
19 November | Cassini | 37th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi) |
5 December | Cassini | 38th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) |
20 December | Cassini | 39th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 953 kilometres (592 mi) |
31 December | Deep Impact (EPOXI) | Flyby of Earth | Closest approach: 15,566 kilometres (9,672 mi) |
- Distant, non-targeted flybys of Dione, Enceladus, Mimas, Tethys and Titan by Cassini occurred throughout the year.
EVAs
Start date/time | Duration | End time | Spacecraft | Crew | Function | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
31 January 15:14 |
7 hours 55 minutes |
23:09 | Expedition 14 ISS Quest |
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Reconfigured Destiny cooling system, connected SSPTS, secured P6 starboard radiator, disconnected EAS.[41] | |
4 February 13:38 |
7 hours 11 minutes |
20:49 | Expedition 14 ISS Quest |
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Completed Destiny cooling system reconfiguration and EAS disconnection, photographed P6 inboard solar array, continued SSPTS installation.[42] | |
8 February 13:26 |
6 hours 40 minutes |
20:06 | Expedition 14 ISS Quest |
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Removed and jettisoned P3 thermal covers, install P3 attachment point, remove P5 launch restraints, continued SSPTS installation.[43] | |
22 February 10:27 |
6 hours 18 minutes |
16:45 | Expedition 14 ISS Pirs |
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Retracted an antenna at the aft port of the Zvezda, photographed a satellite navigation antenna, and replaced a Russian materials experiment, inspected and photographed an antenna for the ATV, photographed a German robotics experiment, and inspected, remated, and photographed hardware connectors.[44] | |
30 May 19:05 |
5 hours 25 minutes |
31 May 00:30 |
Expedition 15 ISS Pirs |
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Installed Service Module Debris Protection (SMDP) panels and rerouted a Global Positioning System antenna cable.[45] | |
6 June 14:23 |
5 hours 37 minutes |
20:00 | Expedition 15 ISS Pirs |
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Installed a section of Ethernet cable on the Zarya module, installed additional Service Module Debris Protection (SMDP) panels on Zvezda, and deployed a Russian scientific experiment.[46] | |
11 June 20:02 |
6 hours 15 minutes |
12 June 02:17 |
STS-117 ISS Quest |
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Began the S3/S4 Truss installation.[47] | |
13 June 18:28 |
7 hours 16 minutes |
14 June 01:44 |
STS-117 ISS Quest |
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Assisted in retraction of the solar panels on the P6 Truss. Completed the S3/S4 truss installation. Partial failure due to the S3/S4 SARJ motor control circuits being wired in reverse, so some launch restraints were left in place to prevent the possibility of undesired rotation.[48] | |
15 June 17:24 |
7 hours 58 minutes |
16 June 01:22 |
STS-117 ISS Quest |
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Repaired the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pod thermal blanket, finished the P6 solar array retraction, and installed a hydrogen ventilation valve onto Destiny.[49] | |
17 June 16:25 |
6 hours 29 minutes |
22:54 | STS-117 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Retrieved a television camera and its support structure from an ESP attached to Quest, and installed it on the S3 truss, verified the Drive Lock Assembly (DLA) 2 configuration, and removed the last six SARJ launch restraints. Installed a computer network cable on Unity, opened the hydrogen vent valve on Destiny, and tethered two orbital debris shield panels on Zvezda.[50] | |
23 July 10:25 |
7 hours 41 minutes |
18:06 | Expedition 15 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Replaced components for the Mobile Transporter's redundant power system, jettisoned an ammonia tank and flight support equipment, and cleaned the Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) on the nadir port of Unity.[51][52] | |
11 August 16:28 |
6 hours 17 minutes |
23:45 | STS-118 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Attached the Starboard 5 (S5) segment of the station’s truss, and retracted the forward heat-rejecting radiator from the station’s Port 6 (P6) truss.[53] | |
13 August 15:32 |
6 hours 28 minutes |
22:00 | STS-118 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Removed the new Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) from the shuttle's payload bay and installed it onto the Z1 truss. Installed the failed CMG onto an External Stowage Platform (ESP-2).[54] | |
15 August 14:38 |
5 hours 28 minutes |
20:05 | STS-118 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Relocated two CETA carts around the Mobile Transporter and an antenna base from the P6 truss to P1, and installed a new transponder and signal processor for an S-band communications upgrade.[55] | Mastracchio noted a hole on the thumb of his left glove and returned to the airlock as a precautionary measure. |
18 August 14:17 |
5 hours 2 minutes |
19:02 | STS-118 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Retrieved Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) containers 3 and 4, installed the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) Boom Stand, installed an External Wireless Instrumentation System (EWIS) antenna, and secured Z1 gimbal locks.[56] | |
26 October 10:02 |
6 hours 14 minutes |
16:16 | STS-120 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Installed the new Harmony module in its temporary location, retrieved the S-Band Antenna Support Assembly, and prepared for the relocation of the P6 truss by disconnecting fluid lines on the P6/Z1 truss segments.[57] | |
28 October 09:32 |
6 hours 33 minutes |
16:05 | STS-120 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Disconnected the Z1-to-P6 umbilicals, detached P6 from Z1, configured the S1 radiator, installed handrails onto Harmony, and inspected the S4 starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ).[58] | |
30 October 08:45 |
7 hours 8 minutes |
15:53 | STS-120 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Attached P6 to P5, installed P6/P5 umbilical connections, reconfigured S1 following its redeployment, and inspected the port SARJ.[59] | |
3 November 10:03 |
7 hours 19 minutes |
17:22 | STS-120 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Inspection and repair of the P6 solar array.[60] | |
9 November 09:54 |
6 hours 55 minutes |
16:49 | Expedition 16 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Disconnected and stored the Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System cables, stored the PMA-2 umbilical, and stowed a Harmony node avionics umbilical into a temporary position.[61][62] | |
20 November 10:10 |
7 hours 16 minutes |
17:26 | Expedition 16 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
External configuration of PMA-2 and Harmony: Fluid, electrical, and data lines attached, avionics lines hooked up, heater cables attached, and relocated a fluid tray.[63] | |
24 November 09:50 |
7 hours 4 minutes |
16:54 | Expedition 16 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Completion of fluid, electrical, and data line hookups for PMA-2 and Harmony. Loop B Fluid Tray connected to the port side of the Destiny laboratory. Inspected and photographed the starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ) to assist with troubleshooting on the ground.[64] | |
18 December 09:50 |
6 hours 56 minutes |
16:46 | Expedition 16 ISS Quest |
![]() ![]() |
Inspected the S4 starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ), and a Beta Gimbal Assembly (BGA).[65][66] | 100th EVA in support of the ISS. Whitson became the female astronaut with the most EVAs and the most time spent in EVA.[67][68] |
Orbital launch summary
By country
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | ||
![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Sea Launch | |
![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() ![]() |
26 | 25 | 1 | 0 | ||
![]() |
19 | 17 | 1 | 1 | ||
World | 68 | 63 | 3 | 2 |
By rocket
By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane | ![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | ![]() |
4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | |
Delta | ![]() |
9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Energia | ![]() |
2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Falcon | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
GSLV | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
H-II | ![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | ![]() |
10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Jericho | ![]() ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | ![]() |
12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
R-14 | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
R-36 | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Space Shuttle | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | ![]() |
7 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 | ![]() |
Ariane | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | ![]() |
Atlas | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | |
Delta II | ![]() |
Delta | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | ![]() |
Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | ![]() |
R-36 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 1 | ![]() |
Falcon | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
GSLV | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
H-IIA | ![]() |
H-II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Kosmos | ![]() |
R-12/R-14 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | ![]() |
Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | ![]() |
Long March | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | ![]() |
Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur I | ![]() |
Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Molniya | ![]() |
R-7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus | ![]() |
Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | ![]() |
Universal Rocket | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
PSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | ![]() |
Jericho | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | ![]() |
R-7 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
Space Shuttle | ![]() |
Space Shuttle | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit | ![]() |
Energia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By configuration
Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 ECA | ![]() |
Ariane 5 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 GS | ![]() |
Ariane 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
Atlas V 421 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Delta II 7420 | ![]() |
Delta II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II 7920 | ![]() |
Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II 7925 | ![]() |
Delta II | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II 7925H | ![]() |
Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Retired |
Delta IV-H | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | ![]() |
Dnepr | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 1 | ![]() |
Falcon 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
GSLV Mk I(b) | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
H-IIA 2022 | ![]() |
H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 2024 | ![]() |
H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kosmos-3M | ![]() |
Kosmos | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2C | ![]() |
Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | ![]() |
Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Long March 4B-II |
Minotaur I | ![]() |
Minotaur I | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Molniya-M/2BL | ![]() |
Molniya | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus-XL | ![]() |
Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-K/DM-2 | ![]() |
Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M/DM-2 | ![]() |
Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Proton-M/Briz-M | ![]() |
Proton | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-CA | ![]() |
PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Shavit-2 | ![]() |
Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Soyuz-FG | ![]() |
Soyuz | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG/Fregat | ![]() |
Soyuz | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | ![]() |
Soyuz | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Space Shuttle | ![]() |
Space Shuttle | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit-2M | ![]() |
Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Zenit-3SL | ![]() |
Zenit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
By launch site
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | ![]() |
20 | 19 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | ![]() |
10 | 9 | 0 | 1 | |
Dombarovsky | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kennedy | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Kwajalein Atoll | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Kourou | ![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
MARS | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Ocean Odyssey | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Damaged by explosion |
Palmachim | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | ![]() |
3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
Taiyuan | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | ![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | One launch used Stargazer aircraft |
Xichang | ![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
By orbit
Orbital regime | Launches | Successes | Failures | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Earth orbit | 37 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 9 to ISS |
Medium Earth orbit | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Geosynchronous/transfer | 19 | 17 | 2 | 0 | |
High Earth orbit | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | Including lunar transfer and Molniya orbits |
Heliocentric orbit | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Including planetary transfer orbits |
References
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Footnotes
- ^ Rohit, T. K. (10 January 2007). "All 4 PSLV-C7 satellites launched into orbit". Rediff. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
- ^ "Space Capsule Successfully Recovered". ISRO. 22 January 2007. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ Covault, Craig (17 January 2007). "Chinese Test Anti-Satellite Weapon". Aviation Week. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Dr. Jonathan McDowell (19 September 2007). "Issue 585". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ a b c McDowell, Dr. Jonathan (2 February 2007). "Issue 576". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
- ^ "Sea Launch Explosion Due To Engine Failure". Space-Travel.com. 14 March 2007. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f McDowell, Dr. Jonathan (25 February 2007). "Issue 577". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
- ^ Lynch Rocket Group (8 March 2007). "ROPA". Dartmouth College. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ "Japan's lone radar intelligence orbiter breaks down". The Daily Yomiuri. 29 August 2010. Archived from the original on 31 August 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b McDowell, Dr. Jonathan (16 March 2007). "Issue 578". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g McDowell, Dr. Jonathan (23 April 2007). "Issue 579". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ "CubeSat Community Website – Satellite Status (Dnepr Launch 2)". Archived from the original on 10 May 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "CubeSats" (PDF). TacSat-3 launch. NASA. Retrieved 5 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d e McDowell, Dr. Jonathan (16 May 2007). "Issue 580". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ Onuah, Felix (12 November 2008). "Nigerian satellite battery dead, not lost in space". Reuters. Retrieved 13 November 2008.
- ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (25 May 2007). "China launch Yaogan-II satellite – 100th success". NASA Spaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Dr. Jonathan McDowell (23 June 2007). "Issue 581". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ "Missile Defence Test A "No Test"" (PDF). MDA. 25 May 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b "About COSMO-Skymed". Italian Space Agency. Archived from the original on 15 September 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Israel successfully launches Ofek 7 satellite". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 11 June 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ "Atlas V (401)". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 15 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e Dr. Jonathan McDowell (7 July 2007). "Issue 582". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ "DirecTV-10 Mission Overview" (PDF). Khrunichev. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ a b Dr. Jonathan McDowell (4 August 2007). "Issue 583". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ a b Dr. Jonathan McDowell (19 August 2007). "Issue 584". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (2 September 2007). "India's large satellite launcher returns to flight". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ Ram, Arun (15 December 2007). "Isro satellite 'disappears', loses five years of life". DNA-India. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (11 October 2007). "Damaged cable blamed for downing Proton rocket". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "YES2 student payload released from Foton-M3". European Space Agency. 25 September 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ a b c d Dr. Jonathan McDowell (14 October 2007). "Issue 586". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f Dr. Jonathan McDowell (30 October 2007). "Issue 587". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ Guodong, Du (1 March 2009). "China's lunar probe Chang'e-1 impacts moon". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e McDowell, Dr. Jonathan (19 September 2007). "Issue 588". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ a b Shalal-Esa, Andrea (24 November 2008). "U.S. missile-warning satellite fails". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Bergin, Chris (14 November 2007). "Ariane 5 ECA launches with Skynet 5B and Star One C1". NASASpaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f Dr. Jonathan McDowell (21 December 2007). "Issue 589". Jonathan's Space Report. Archived from the original on 27 March 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Japan/U.S. Missile Defense Flight Test Successful" (PDF). Missile Defense Agency. 17 December 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "RASCOM-QAF1's Launch Early Operation Procedures have been stopped". Thales Alenia Space. 29 December 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ a b Dr. Jonathan McDowell (16 January 2008). "Issue 590". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ Lakdawalla, Emily (14 September 2007). "Kaguya Rockets Toward the Moon". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ NASA (2007). "Station Crew Members Wind Up Successful Spacewalk". NASA. Archived from the original on 24 September 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ NASA (2007). "Crew Completes Scheduled Spacewalk Tasks, and More". NASA. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ NASA (2007). "Spacewalkers Successfully Wrap Up Record Series". NASA. Archived from the original on 24 September 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ NASA (2007). "Spacewalkers Successfully Retract Progress Antenna". NASA. Archived from the original on 24 September 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
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- ^ NASA (2007). "STS-117 MCC Status Report #11". NASA. Archived from the original on 19 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Chris Bergin (2007). "Success filled day for STS-117's EVA-3". NASA SpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
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- ^
Spaceflightnow.com. "Shuttle Endeavour readied for rollout to launch pad". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2007.
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- ^ NASA (2007). "STS-118 MCC Status Report No. 11". NASA. Archived from the original on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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- ^ "Astronauts Take Spacewalk to Inspect Defective Solar Wing Mechanisms". Fox News. Associated Press. 18 December 2007. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
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