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Belleville, Illinois

Coordinates: 38°31′18″N 89°59′43″W / 38.52167°N 89.99528°W / 38.52167; -89.99528
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Belleville, Illinois
City
“Welcome to Belleville, Capital of southern Illinois”
“Welcome to Belleville, Capital of southern Illinois”
Flag of Belleville, Illinois
Flag
Nickname: 
Bellevegas
Location of Belleville in St. Clair County, Illinois.
Location of Belleville in St. Clair County, Illinois.
Location of Illinois in the United States
Location of Illinois in the United States
Coordinates: 38°31′18″N 89°59′43″W / 38.52167°N 89.99528°W / 38.52167; -89.99528
Country United States
State Illinois
CountySt. Clair
Founded1814
Government
 • MayorPatty Gregory
Area
[1]
 • Total23.49 sq mi (60.84 km2)
 • Land23.23 sq mi (60.17 km2)
 • Water0.26 sq mi (0.67 km2)
Elevation
[2]
502 ft (153 m)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total41,751
 • Density1,825.16/sq mi (704.71/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP code(s)
62220-62223, 62225, 62226
Area code618
FIPS code17-163-04858
GNIS feature ID2394118[2]
Wikimedia CommonsBelleville, Illinois
Websitebelleville.net
Bird's Eye View of Belleville, Illinois in 1867
Bird's Eye View of Belleville, Illinois in 1867

Belleville is a city and the county seat of St. Clair County, Illinois,[3] coterminous with the now defunct Belleville Township.[4] It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Belleville and the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Snows. The population was 44,478 according to the Census Bureau's 2010 data,[5] making it the largest city in the state south of Springfield.

Belleville is the eighth-most populated city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area, and the most-populated city in southern Illinois and in the Metro-East region of the St. Louis Metropolitan Area. Due to its proximity to Scott Air Force Base, the population receives a boost from military and federal civilian personnel, defense contractors, and military retirees.[citation needed]

History

Belleville around the turn of the 20th century.

George Blair named the city of Belleville in 1814. Because Blair donated an acre of his land for the town square and an additional 25 acres (10 ha) adjoining the square for the new county seat, the legislature transferred the county seat from the village of Cahokia. The latter had been established by French colonists as a mission village in the late 17th century.

Belleville was incorporated as a village in 1819, and became a city in 1850. It is said that Blair originally named the city Bellville in honor of Tennessee politician John Bell. In 1863, the name was officially changed to Belleville to distance the city from the now-disgraced Confederate.[6] Major immigration in the mid-19th century to this area occurred following revolutions in Germany, and most of the European-American population is of German ancestry.

Many of the educated Germans fled their homeland after the failure of the German Revolution in 1848. Belleville was the center of the first important German settlement in Illinois. By 1870, an estimated 90% of the city's population was either German-born or of German descent.[7]

After the Civil War, Belleville became a manufacturing center producing nails, printing presses, gray iron castings, agricultural equipment, and stoves. Belleville became known as "The Stove Capital of the World." The first brewery in Illinois was established in Belleville. In 1868, Gustav Goelitz founded the candy company that is known today as "Jelly Belly."[7]

An immense deposit (400,000 acres (1,600 km2)) of bituminous coal was found in St. Clair County. By 1874, some farmers had become coal miners. One hundred shaft mines were in operation in and around Belleville. The coal brought the steam railroad to town, which allowed for the transport of many tons of coal to be shipped daily from Belleville to St. Louis on the west side of the Mississippi River, for use in its industries, homes and businesses. Later, Belleville had the first electric trolley in the state.[7]

The first style of houses in Belleville were simple brick cottages, known locally as "German street houses" or "row houses." Architectural styles flourished in greater variety, featuring American Foursquare, French Second Empire, Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, and Victorian.[8] The Belleville Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, comprises 73 contributing properties.[9]

The "Old Belleville Historic District," was defined and recognized in 1974 and is the city's first historic district.[8] The city also has designated two more historic districts: "Hexenbuckel" (est. in 1991) and "Oakland" (est. in 1995).[10]

Belleville's early German immigrants were educated, with most of them having graduated from German universities. They were nicknamed "Latin Farmers" because of this. After 1836 Gustav Koerner contributed to establish the city's public library. The Belleville Public Library is the state's oldest, predating the Illinois State Library by three years. The German settlers also founded choral and dramatic groups, as well as literary societies. They established one of the first kindergartens in the country here.[7][8]

The National Civic League recognized Belleville in 2011 as one of the ten recipients of the All-America City Award.

In 2021, residents of the Illinois city elected Patty Gregory as Belleville's first female Mayor.[11][12]

Geography

Belleville is located at 38°31′18″N 89°59′43″W / 38.52167°N 89.99528°W / 38.52167; -89.99528 (38.521567, −89.995208).[13]

According to the 2010 census, Belleville has a total area of 23.49 square miles (60.84 km2), of which 22.74 square miles (58.90 km2) (or 98.83%) is land and 0.269 square miles (0.70 km2) (or 1.17%) is water.[14] Richland Creek flows through much of Belleville.

Climate

Climate data for Belleville SIU Research, Illinois (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 75
(24) 		83
(28) 		89
(32) 		91
(33) 		97
(36) 		106
(41) 		110
(43) 		105
(41) 		103
(39) 		96
(36) 		84
(29) 		76
(24) 		110
(43)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 42.9
(6.1) 		48.6
(9.2) 		59.2
(15.1) 		70.6
(21.4) 		79.1
(26.2) 		87.3
(30.7) 		90.2
(32.3) 		89.1
(31.7) 		83.3
(28.5) 		72.6
(22.6) 		58.1
(14.5) 		46.3
(7.9) 		68.9
(20.5)
Daily mean °F (°C) 33.6
(0.9) 		38.3
(3.5) 		47.8
(8.8) 		58.3
(14.6) 		67.7
(19.8) 		75.9
(24.4) 		79.0
(26.1) 		77.2
(25.1) 		70.1
(21.2) 		59.7
(15.4) 		47.5
(8.6) 		37.3
(2.9) 		57.7
(14.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 24.3
(−4.3) 		28.0
(−2.2) 		36.3
(2.4) 		46.0
(7.8) 		56.3
(13.5) 		64.5
(18.1) 		67.8
(19.9) 		65.3
(18.5) 		56.9
(13.8) 		46.7
(8.2) 		36.9
(2.7) 		28.3
(−2.1) 		46.4
(8.0)
Record low °F (°C) −27
(−33) 		−21
(−29) 		−8
(−22) 		18
(−8) 		28
(−2) 		38
(3) 		43
(6) 		39
(4) 		26
(−3) 		20
(−7) 		2
(−17) 		−19
(−28) 		−27
(−33)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.56
(65) 		2.16
(55) 		3.44
(87) 		4.90
(124) 		5.05
(128) 		4.62
(117) 		4.03
(102) 		3.92
(100) 		3.35
(85) 		3.12
(79) 		3.60
(91) 		2.61
(66) 		43.36
(1,101)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 3.4
(8.6) 		3.3
(8.4) 		1.0
(2.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.6
(1.5) 		2.9
(7.4) 		11.2
(28)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 7.1 7.5 9.5 10.3 11.5 8.7 7.4 7.2 6.6 8.4 7.7 7.7 99.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 2.2 1.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.9 7.0
Source: NOAA[15][16]

Culture and contemporary life

Bethany Place in Belleville provides services for those with HIV/AIDS.[17][18][19][20]

Entertainment and performing arts

The Belleville Philharmonic Society was formed in 1866, making it the second oldest philharmonic orchestra in the country.[21] With the increase in black population and migrants from the South, musicians developed who played blues and jazz; later rock clubs were added to the scene.

Jay Farrar (now of Son Volt), Mike Heidorn, and Jeff Tweedy (now of Wilco) of the now-defunct alt country group Uncle Tupelo are from Belleville. Another major musician was Neal Doughty, keyboardist for 1970s rock band REO Speedwagon. The rock band Redding also hails from Belleville, with the members being childhood friends there. They then went on to work from the entertainment and shopping company Vat19.

National Register of Historic Places

Sports

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18502,941—
18607,520155.7%
18708,1468.3%
188010,68331.1%
189015,36143.8%
190017,48413.8%
191021,12220.8%
192024,82317.5%
193028,42514.5%
194028,405−0.1%
195032,72115.2%
196037,26413.9%
197041,22310.6%
198041,5800.9%
199042,7852.9%
200041,410−3.2%
201044,4787.4%
202042,404−4.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[24]

At the 2000 census there were 41,410 people, 17,603 households, and 10,420 families living in the city. The population density was 2,196.4 inhabitants per square mile (848.0/km2). There were 19,142 housing units at an average density of 1,015.3 per square mile (392.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 81.51% White, 15.51% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.63%.[25]

Of the 17,603 households 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.8% were non-families. 35.1% of households were one person and 14.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.95.

The age distribution was 23.4% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median household income was $35,979 and the median family income was $46,426. Males had a median income of $33,361 versus $25,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,990. About 9.3% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.

2010 Census

As of the 2010 Census, there were 44,478 people, 18,795 households, 11,081 families living in the city. The population density was. The racial makeup of the city was 69.8% White, 25.4% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population

Of the 18,795 households 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38% were married couples living together, 16.4 had a female householder with no man present, and 41% were non-families. 34.4% of households were one person and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age of older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 2.9.

The age distribution was 23.3% under the age of 18, and 12.9% over the age of 65.[26]

Notable people

1882 Harrison Machine Works tractor, made in Belleville.
Roman Catholic Cathedral of Saint Peter, Belleville
Main article: List of people from Belleville, Illinois

Education

Higher education:

Within the city there are four high schools – two public (Belleville High School-East, Belleville High School-West), and two private (Althoff Catholic High School, Governor French Academy). In addition, small portions of the city are within the districts for East St. Louis Senior High School, Mascoutah High School, and Freeburg High School.

Belleville is also home to a relatively large grade school district. Belleville District 118 has 9 elementary schools, (Roosevelt, Abraham Lincoln, Douglas, Franklin, Jefferson, Union, Westhaven, Henry Raab, and Washington) and 2 junior high schools (Central Junior High and West Junior High). Belle Valley School District 119 is also available for public school. Harmony School District 175 includes Ellis Elementary and Emge Jr. High. Signal Hill School is the only school in district 181. Whiteside Elementary School and Whiteside Middle School make up district 115. Parochial grade schools include St. Peter's Cathedral, St. Augustine of Canterbury Church, St. Teresa, Blessed Sacrament, Our Lady Queen of Peace, and Zion Lutheran School.[30]

Media

The Belleville News-Democrat, is the city's daily newspaper. The News-Democrat is part of the McClatchy chain and covers the Metro East region and Southwestern Illinois. The city is also served by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, the area's major metropolitan daily. Belleville receives the signals of most radio and TV stations based in St. Louis.

Transportation

Belleville has three St. Louis MetroLink stations connecting it to St. Louis and the network via light rail: Memorial Hospital, Belleville, and College.

Illinois State Highways 15, 159, 177, 13 and 161 all pass through Belleville. Belleville is also adjacent to Interstate highways 64 and 255. I-64 is an east–west highway extending from Wentzville, Missouri to Virginia Beach, Virginia and is the major route from Belleville to downtown St. Louis. I-255 is part of a system of expressways that together form a loop around St. Louis.

Belleville has a bicycle trail that runs through the city from Southside Park to Southwestern Illinois College and Scott Air Force Base; it is mainly used for recreational purposes.

Belleville's area airports are Scott Air Force Base and MidAmerica St. Louis Airport, which is served by Allegiant Air. The nearest major airport with regularly scheduled commercial passenger service is St. Louis Lambert International Airport.

Sister city

Belleville is a sister city to Paderborn, Germany.[31]

References

  1. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Belleville, Illinois
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. ^ "Belleville officially takes over township's duties". bnd. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
  5. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Belleville city, Illinois". www.census.gov. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
  6. ^ Hallowell, Zechariah (1865). History of St. Clair County, Illinois: A Compendium of Its Villages, Townships and Cities and Their Nomenclature. Z.A. Hallowell. p. 131.
  7. ^ a b c d "Labor and Industry Museum", Labor and Industry Museum: Belleville History, accessed 1 December 2010]
  8. ^ a b c "Village Profile", Village Profile: History and Culture, 1997, accessed 1 December 2010]
  9. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  10. ^ "Labor and Industry Museum", Labor and Industry Museum: Other Historic Resources, accessed 1 December 2010
  11. ^ Koziatek, Mike (April 7, 2021). "Gregory looks forward to serving as first female mayor in Belleville's 207 years". Belleville News and Democrat. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  12. ^ Benchaabane, Nassim (April 7, 2021). "Maplewood, Alton elect first Black mayors; Belleville elects first woman mayor in upsets to local incumbents". St. Louis Dispatch. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  13. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  14. ^ "G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-12-25.
  15. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  16. ^ "Station: Belleville SIU RSCH, IL". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  17. ^ Michael O'Loughlin (December 29, 2019). "A Catholic Sister learns to serve people with AIDS". Plague: Untold Stories of AIDS & the Catholic Church (Podcast). America. Retrieved January 10, 2019.
  18. ^ O'Loughlin, Michael (January 21, 2019). "The Catholic Nun Who Came to New York to Confront the AIDS Crisis". Retrieved January 10, 2019.
  19. ^ Freeman, Brittany (November 20, 2014). "Bethany Place provides a new kind of home". Retrieved January 10, 2019.
  20. ^ Weichert, Heidi (December 30, 2017). "Bethany Place assists metro-east residents who have HIV or AIDS". Belleville News-Democrat. Retrieved January 10, 2019.
  21. ^ Belleville Philharmonic Society Symphony Orchestra Archived November 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ Watson, Graham (July 11, 2012). "NAIA school unveils the nation's most original football field". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
  23. ^ "Belleville, Illinois Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com.
  24. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  25. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  26. ^ "Belleville, Illinois". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
  27. ^ "English professor named Fellow of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce". St. Mary’s University, Texas on June 24, 2020. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  28. ^ "Mary Ellen Richmond (1861-1928) – Social Work Pioneer, Administrator, Researcher and Author". 21 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  29. ^ Dionne, Matthew S. "Someone you should know: Stephen R. Wigginton, United States Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois". The Public Servant. 14 (2). Illinois State Bar Association.
  30. ^ "St. Clair County Regional Office of Education" Archived February 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, St. Clair County Regional Office of Education, 12/2010, accessed 15 December 2010
  31. ^ Belleville Sister Cities, Inc Archived March 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine is the organization which fosters the relationship between the two cities.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Belleville, Illinois.
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Belleville, Illinois.
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