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Presidential transition of Barack Obama

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The presidential transition of Barack Obama began when he won the United States presidential election on November 4, 2008, and became the President-Elect. He was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 15, 2008. The results will be certified by a joint session of Congress on January 8, and the Barack Obama 2009 presidential inauguration will occur on January 20, 2009. [1][2]

Logo
Obama–Biden Transition Project
FormationNovember 2008
TypeQuasi-governmental–private
PurposePeaceful/Organized transfer of power
HeadquartersChicago, Illinois
Location
Budget
$12 Million
Staff
450
Websitehttp://change.gov/
This article is part of
a series about
Barack Obama
Personal
Illinois State Senator and U.S. Senator from Illinois
44th President of the United States
Tenure
Policies
Appointments
Presidential campaigns
Barack Obama's signature
Seal of the President of the United States

Organization of the transition

The Obama transition organization is called the Obama-Biden Transition Project.[3] The transition team was convened during the height of the campaign, well before the outcome could be known, to begin making preparations for a potential administration. It is co-chaired by John Podesta, who was Bill Clinton's fourth and last White House Chief of Staff and the president/chief executive officer of the Center for American Progress,[4] Valerie Jarrett, who is one of Obama's longest-serving advisers,[5][6]and Pete Rouse, former Senate chief of staff for Tom Daschle and more recently for Obama.

On November 5, the General Services Administration declared that Obama was the "apparent winner," making him eligible to receive transition funding and other government services, and granting him access to their 2008 Presidential Transition Headquarters in Washington, D.C..[7] Podesta estimated that the transition would employ approximately 450 people and have a budget of about $12 million: $5.2 million would be paid by the federal government and the remaining $6.8 million would be funded by private sources, with each contribution limited to $5,000. The transition project will not accept money from political action committees or federal lobbyists.[8]

Wikinews has related news:

The transition team's website, www.change.gov, includes a blog and jobs page.[9] It also has a section that allows visitors to share stories or their visions for the country.[10] Individuals applying for work within the Obama administration via this site are required to go through intensive consumer and criminal background checks performed by the ChoicePoint Corporation.[11] The website uses a Creative Commons license.

Transition team

File:20081117 Barack Obama Streetlight Banner.JPG
Banners celebrating Obama's ties to Chicago and his 2008 victory.

On November 5, Obama announced his complete transition team, which is organized as a nonprofit tax-exempt organization under U.S. federal tax code 501(c)(4). The advisory board consists of Carol Browner, William M. Daley, Christopher Edley, Michael Froman, Julius Genachowski, Donald Gips, Janet Napolitano, Federico Peña, Susan Rice, Sonal Shah, Mark Gitenstein and Ted Kaufman.[12] Two journals reported on November 6 that Robert Gibbs might be selected as Obama's Press Secretary.[13]

Members of the transition team's senior staff include:[12]

Joshua Gotbaum and Michael Warren will head the transition of the Treasury Department. In addition, Thomas Donilon and Wendy Sherman will oversee the transition of the State Department. Finally, John P. White and Michele Flournoy will lead the transition of the Defense Department.[14]

Activities as the President-elect

Bush administration

Laura Bush meets with Michelle Obama.

In mid-October, the George W. Bush administration convened a 14-member council to coordinate with and brief the winning campaign's transition team.[5] The New York Times reported that White House Chief of Staff Joshua Bolten then planned to recruit his predecessor, Andrew Card, to oversee the activity.[5] On November 6, Obama received his first classified intelligence briefing from Director of National Intelligence John Michael McConnell and Central Intelligence Agency Director Michael Hayden.[15]

President Bush invited Obama to attend the 2008 G-20 Washington summit held between November 15 and 20, however Obama's transition team instead sent former Republican Rep.Jim Leach and former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright to meet with the delegations.[16][17] Obama is expected to address a United Nations global warming summit in Poland in December or allow a representative such as Al Gore to present his policies.[4]

On November 10, Obama traveled to the White House and met with President Bush to discuss transition issues while First Lady Laura Bush took his wife Michelle on a tour of the mansion. NBC News reports that Obama advanced his economic agenda with Bush, asking him to attempt to pass a stimulus package in a lame duck session of Congress before the inauguration. He also urged Bush to accelerate the disbursement of $25billion in funds to bail out the automobile industry and expressed concern about additional Americans losing their homes as mortgage rates increase again.[18][19]

The Bush administration has reportedly gone out of its way to make the transition as seamless as possible for the incoming administration, earning accolades from Obama staff members and outside experts alike. According to nearly all accounts, the Bush administration has streamlined the process for new officials to obtain security clearances and has planned training exercises for the incoming national security team, to ensure that they will be ready to face a possible crisis on the first day in office. Part of this enhanced cooperation is required by laws passed at the behest of the 9/11 Commission, while part is attributed to the difficulty that the Bush administration had with its own transition, which lasted only five weeks and was felt to have had a deleterious effect on Bush's ability to govern. "I'm not sure I've ever seen an outgoing administration work as hard at saying the right thing," said Stephen Hess of the Brookings Institution. "This is really quite memorable."[20]

Resignation from Senate offices

As of their election, President-elect Obama and Vice President-elect Joe Biden were incumbent U.S. Senators from Illinois and Delaware respectively. In accordance with Article I, Section 6 of the United States Constitution, both are required to resign their respective Senate seats on or before January 20, 2009, in order to become President and Vice President.

Obama Senate transition

Obama resigned from the Senate effective November 16, 2008.[21][22] Initially, it was thought that his replacement would be named by Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich. Since the term for the seat expires in January 2011, it would come up for its normal election in 2010 with no special election necessary. Blagojevich was expected to name Obama's immediate successor in the Senate by January 3, 2009.[23] However, on December 9, 2008, the status of Obama's succession in the Senate was cast in doubt after Blagojevich was arrested on federal corruption charges which included allegedly attempting to sell the appointment.[24] Although placed in federal custody and released on $4,500 bail,[25] as long as he remains governor Blagojevich continues to have sole authority to make the appointment.[26] Several Democrats, including Sen. Dick Durbin, have asked the Illinois General Assembly to schedule a special election instead.[27]

Speaking through a surrogate, Obama called for Blagojevich's resignation on December 10.[28]Should Blagojevich resign or be removed from office before making the appointment, the duty would fall to Illinois Lt. Gov. Pat Quinn, who would succeed Blagojevich as governor. However, Illinois Senate president Emil Jones said that he would call the Senate back into session to write a law that would result in Obama's replacement being determined in a special election.[29]

Biden Senate transition

See also: United States Senate election in Delaware, 2010

Biden has indicated that he will remain in the Senate until he is sworn in as Vice President on January 20, 2009.[30] On November 24, 2008, Delaware Gov. Ruth Ann Minner announced Biden's appointed replacement, Ted Kaufman, who is expected to replace Biden upon his resignation from the Senate.[31]

A special election for the remainder of Biden's term, which expires in January 2015, will be held in 2010. Kaufman has indicated he will not be a candidate in the special election, increasing speculation that Biden's son, Delaware Attorney General Beau Biden, will run at that time.[31]

Administration appointments

Thirty-one of the appointments to the transition team so far have also worked in the Clinton administration, including Podesta, Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel, and Biden's Chief of Staff Ron Klain.[32]

The appointment in key Economic positions of Lawrence Summers and Timothy F. Geithner was criticized, arguing that they had been prominently involved in creating a lot of the conditions that led to the Financial crisis of 2007–2008, and therefore "failure is being rewarded".[33] Particularly Summers, during whose transition to Secretary of the Treasury, the Glass-Steagall Act, which kept commercial banks out of Wall street, was repealed,[33] and which during his term was a leading advocate of the derivatives deregulation, together with Alan Greenspan and Robert Rubin.[34][35]

White House staff

Cabinet and top advisors

As of December 16, 2008, reliable reports indicate that the cabinet and top advisors of the Obama administration will include the following nominations:

Domestic

Economic

Environment and Energy

National Security

Appointment speculation

Table

Emerging agenda

Obama's developing presidential agenda is divided between domestic and foreign policy issues. In most cases, this developing agenda involves addressing crises already underway. His principal strategic decision concerns how fast to move bills through Congress.[66] Some of his advisors suggest moving quickly, as Franklin D. Roosevelt did in 1933, under the belief that a more moderate approach would waste valuable time early in his presidency, when his political capital will be strongest. Others suggest moving more slowly, as Bill Clinton did before his attempt to enact a national healthcare program, based on the notion that rapid change could quickly wear down any bipartisan consensus. He is likely, in any case, to issue a series of executive orders within days of his inauguration, including a reversal of Bush-era executive orders restricting funding to family planning (including abortion) services and stem-cell research.[66] There is a possibility that new cabinet level advisory post will be created overseeing the Department of Energy, Department of the Interior and the Environmental Protection Agency.[67]

According to Podesta, the transition team is conducting an exhaustive review of Bush's executive orders in an effort to find quick changes that can be implemented on the first day in office. Podesta also says that there is a great deal that can be accomplished without waiting for Congress to act and that Obama wants to move quickly to restore "a sense that the country is working on behalf of the common good."[68]

Economic agenda

The economic agenda under development most specifically was thought to initially focus on short-term measures intended to hold off widespread economic losses so that a longer-term economic agenda could then be formulated. That approach subsequently shifted to a longer-term stimulus plan, with a goal of creating 2.5 million jobs over a two year period.[69] But, in a nationally televised interview on December 7, he acknowledged that his agenda has changed over the past month, and that short-term stimulus package now is first priority. He wants to emphasize "shovel ready" infrastructure projects to create new jobs quickly.[70] Mr. Obama said he hoped to sign the stimulus package into law soon after taking office on Jan. 20.

Obama's most immediate concern is an economic stimulus proposal that some Congressional Democrats have advocated. Like previous stimulus packages, the current proposal is demand-side (Keynesian) in nature. Yet, it would likely consist of increased funding for unemployment benefits, the Food Stamp Program, and infrastructure projects, rather than tax rebates.[71] In fact, Obama claims to be planning “the largest infrastructure program in roads and bridges and other traditional infrastructure since the building of the federal highway system in the 1950s.”[72] However, he is also emphasizing his plans to "green" the federal government by updating heating and lighting systems in federal buildings, as well as significant investment in technology initiatives such as mandatory electronic medical records, improved computers in schools, and universal availability of broadband Internet access. [73]

Additional funding for Medicaid is also being considered. A similar stimulus bill was passed by the House of Representatives on September 26, 2008, but never approved by the Senate.[71] Obama has promised to promote a stimulus bill early in his presidency if one is not passed before his inauguration on January 20, 2009.[71] In addition, Obama is considering the request of the U.S. automotive industry for a cash infusion of $50 billion in addition to the $25 billion that has already been approved, but emphasizes that his support is “conditioned on them making significant adjustments.”[70]

Obama is also expected to push for a program to spend $150 billion over 10 years to develop new renewable energy sources. This money would also be used to encourage energy conservation and help the auto industry develop fuel-efficient vehicles. However, Mother Jones reports that the Windfall Profits Tax on oil companies which he frequently cited during the campaign has now been dropped from the agenda.[66][74]

According to the transition's website, Obama also hopes to rekindle volunteerism by expanding AmeriCorps and the Peace Corps and also creating a new Classroom Corps. Other volunteer efforts reportedly include a Health Corps, Clean Energy Corps, and Veterans Corps. Middle and high school students will be asked to do 50 hours of community service work a year. College students will be eligible for $4,000 in tuition tax credits in exchange for community service work. Improved volunteerism programs aimed at individuals over age 55 are projected, as well as augmented Youth Build and Head Start programs.[75]

Agenda on Health Care

On December 5, Tom Daschle, who has been designated to lead Obama's efforts for health care reform, announced a month-long campaign to solicit public input on the shape of that reform. People are being encouraged to hold community meetings to discuss the issue, and to post their thoughts on www.change.gov, where over 10,000 comments have already been posted. Although Democratic leaders have been meeting in private for several months to prepare a legislative package for unveiling in January, Daschle is anxious to avoid the appearance that the transition is working behind closed doors to create a sweeping agenda for change.

This technique, developed by grass roots organizations like MoveOn.org, is designed to reinforce the notion that Obama intends to aggressively pursue his health care reform agenda despite the worsening economy. "President-elect Obama has made health reform one of his top priorities, and I'm here to tell you that his commitment to changing the healthcare system remains strong and focused," said Daschle. [76]

During a news conference on December 11, 2008, Obama linked health care reform to the upcoming economic stimulus package, noting that "It's not something that we can sort of put off because we're in an emergency." "This is part of the emergency." He expects the stimulus legislation to include a $40billion increase in Medicaid spending over two years, plus a massive investment in health information management technology. Consideration is also being given to funding for retraining for medical workers, expansion of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), and expansion of the COBRA provisions which allow unemployed workers to purchase health insurance through their previous employer's plan. [77]

Foreign policy agenda

One of the principal foreign policy issues that Obama ran on during the presidential campaign concerned his promise to withdraw most American troops from the Iraq War within sixteen months of his inauguration.[78] This is one area of concentration. Another area concerns the three areas of foreign policy that President Bush has been focusing on during the final months of his term: Iran's nuclear development, North Korea's nuclear arsenal, and the Israeli-Palestinian peace talks. In all three cases, a diplomatic structure has already been established, although some of the current goals might be different from those Obama will take as president.[78]

The Annapolis Conference gathers in November 2007.

In the Middle East, Bush began a new approach to the peace process, the so-called Annapolis process, which attempts to encourage Israeli and Palestinian leaders to agree on the outlines of a peace accord. Although both sides cite some success in these discussions, critics believe the talks have unduly ignored Hamas, which has been labeled as a terrorist organization, despite the fact that it holds an enormous amount of political power.[78] Obama has not specified what his approach will be, although it is considered likely that he will appoint a high-level Middle East envoy, in part to free his Secretary of State so that other matters can also be addressed.[78] Hamas has expressed a willingness to talk to Obama, who has said that he will reciprocate only if it renounces terrorism, recognizes Israel's right to exist, and agrees to abide by past agreements.[79] The Hamas leader in Gaza, Ismail Haniyeh, has said the Hamas government would accept a Palestinian state that followed the Green Line and would offer Israel a long-term truce if Israel recognises the Palestinians' national rights.[80]

During his second term, Bush pursued an agreement with North Korea to end its nuclear weapons programs. To prevent a collapse in the process, Bush agreed to remove North Korea from the State Department's list of state sponsors of terrorism. Obama supported the decision.[78] Obama has criticized Bush for taking so long to engage with the North and has indicated that he would be eager to engage in a more proactive diplomatic effort, in order to reach an agreement. A senior North Korean official recently told reporters that "we are ready to deal" with the incoming Obama administration.[78]

Obama has also been deliberating on how to deal with Iran. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has assembled a coalition of six states -- the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, China, and the United States -- to confront Iran.[78] While the group has won approval from the U.N., Iran has largely ignored its demands. While Obama has previously advocated carefully-planned direct talks with Iran, he is seen as being likely to build on the current coalition in order to broker an agreement with Iran.[78]

In addition, Obama is formulating a policy to deal with the U.S. missile defense shield that is under construction in Poland. He discussed the matter with both Polish President Lech Kaczyński and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. While his advisors are working on a missile shield policy, his current position is simply that one might be deployed if and when it has been "proved to be workable".[81]

Obama is also planning on revoking a series of executive orders enacted by Bush, which would have the effect of overturning a practice that many critics have labeled as torture against "detainees".[66] This would include requiring the CIA to abide by the Army Field Manual when interrogating prisoners. It may encounter resistance, however, from some in the Intelligence Community, regarding the practicality of a complete revocation of these orders. He is also hoping to close the detention camp at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba, although issues may arise in such a plan because many of detainees have been held without evidence or because of coerced confessions, which would not be admissible in a federal court.[66]

A November 20, 2008, Los Angeles Times article stated, "Antiwar groups and other liberal activists are increasingly concerned at signs that Barack Obama's national security team will be dominated by appointees who favored the Iraq invasion... 'It's astonishing that not one of the 23 senators or 133 House members who voted against the war is in the mix,' said Sam Husseini of the liberal group Institute for Public Accuracy."[82]

National defense

Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, who is being retained in the Obama Administration, has outlined an agenda for reform of the United States Military. His ideas center on a perceived need to shift purchasing priorities away from costly high tech weapons, and toward lower cost alternatives which are more appropriate for the wars the U.S. is currently fighting, as well as those which he believes might lie in the immediate future. He notes that there are limits to U.S. military power, and believes that the emphasis should be shifted away from fighting, and toward training, advising and equipping allied forces to fight.[83]

Specific areas in which Gates and Obama are said to be in accord include:

Energy policy

Obama made energy policy one of his topmost priorities in his 2008 campaign[85]. Towards his energy goals of United States energy independence through investment in alternative energy production he has set the following objectives:

  • Within 10 years save more oil than current imports from the Middle East and Venezuela combined.
  • By 2015 put 1 million plug-in hybrid vehicles on the road.
  • By 2012, 10 percent of our electricity shall come from renewable sources and 25 percent by 2025.
  • By 2050, 80% of currently emitted greenhouse gases shall be eliminated.

To achieve these objectives, Obama has proposed the following measures[86]

Appointees recruited by Obama with experience with energy policy include Peter Orszag, expert on cap and trade programs who was named as director of the Office of Management and Budget. John Podesta, currently serving as transition chief, was an early advocate of Detroit refocusing on using lower carbon alternatives to gasoline. [88]

Secret Service preparations

The Secret Service is the lead agency for both security and logistics for the Inaugural Ceremony. Their Barack Obama 2009 presidential inauguration plan, which has not yet been approved by the Presidential Inaugural Committee, to be set up by Obama's organization, is currently to open the event to as many spectators as possible. Security is expected to be strict, and vast portions of downtown Washington will be closed to all traffic. Initially, it was thought that up to 4 million people would descend upon the area of the National Mall, but more recent reports from the Secret Service suggest that the number may not be that high. Arrangements for 8000 police officers have been made, however, and parking for up to 10,000 tour buses is being arranged. A Metro spokesperson warned that the subway system "will be utterly overwhelmed." Camping will not be permitted on the mall.[89][90]

On November 13, 2008, the Secret Service announced that Obama's codename will be "Renegade". In addition, his wife's will be "Renaissance" and his daughters' "Rosebud" and "Radiance".[91]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barack Obama.

Notes

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  41. ^ Craig Selected as White House Counsel from the Washington Post
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  57. ^ [1]
  58. ^ [2]
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  64. ^ Drug Czar Ramstad?
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Additional reading
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