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George Allen (American politician)

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George Allen
Junior Senator, Virginia
In office
January 2001–Present
Preceded byCharles Robb
Succeeded byIncumbent (2007)
Personal details
Nationalityamerican
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)(1) Anne Patrice Rubel, divorced; (2) Susan Brown

George Felix Allen (born March 8, 1952, in Whittier, California) is a Republican United States Senator from Virginia. He is running for re-election in 2006 and has been mentioned as a possible candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2008 Presidential election. He has recently been involved in a number of controversies, most prominently his use of the word "macaca."

Family and early years

Allen's father, George Herbert Allen, of Dutch-Irish and Scottish descent, was a legendary NFL coach who was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2002.[1]

Allen's mother, Henrietta Lumbroso, is of French Tunisian descent.[2] According to Allen, her grandfather had been imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II.[3] He has a younger sister, Jennifer, and two brothers, Gregory and Bruce. According to Jennifer Allen, their mother "prided herself for being un-American. ... She was ashamed that she had given up her French citizenship to become a citizen of a country she deemed infantile."[4]

The family lived in Southern California until 1957, when they moved to the suburbs of Chicago after George Sr. got a job with the Chicago Bears. The family moved back to Southern California (Palos Verdes) in 1966 after Allen's father was named head coach of the Los Angeles Rams.[5]

Education

Allen graduated in 1970 from Palos Verdes High School, where he was a member of the falconry club and the car club. He was also quarterback of the varsity football team. He was once suspended for painting graffiti on school walls along with other students.[6]

Allen attended the University of California, Los Angeles for a year before transferring to the University of Virginia, in 1971, where he received a B.A. degree with distinction in history in 1974. He was class president in his senior year at UVA.

After graduating, Allen completed a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1977. In 1976 he was the chairman of the "Young Virginians for Ronald Reagan". Allen was a supporter of Richard Nixon and the Vietnam War, although he chose not to serve in that conflict, taking a student deferment instead[7].

Personal

Allen was married to Anne Patrice Rubel from 1979 to 1983, when they divorced. Allen married Susan Brown in 1986 and the couple now have three children: Tyler, Forrest, and Brooke. The Allens are residents of Mount Vernon, Virginia.

Allen is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He is fond of using football metaphors, a tendency which has been remarked upon by journalists and commentators.[8][9] Allen has been chewing tobacco since he was introduced to it in high school by his father's football players.[10]

Career

Virginia state delegate

After earning his law degree, Allen served as clerk for a federal judge and then opened a law office in Charlottesville. Allen's first race for the Virginia House of Delegates was in 1979, two years after he graduated from law school. He lost, but won two years later in 1981. He was a delegate from 1982 to 1991, representing a district in Albemarle County. In his Charlottesville law office, Allen had a noose hanging from a ficus tree in his office, a decoration critics have charged was racially insensitive, but which Allen has explained as a symbol of his tough stance on law-and-order issues and as "really more of a lasso".[11]

U.S. House of Representatives

On November 5, 1991, Allen won a special election to fill the seat in the U.S. House of Representatives for Virginia's 7th District. Incumbent congressman D. French Slaughter, Jr. had resigned due to a series of strokes. Allen's opponent was Slaughter's cousin, Kay Slaughter. During the campaign, the National Republican Congressional Committee ran a TV ad on Allen's behalf featuring Slaughter's image superimposed over a photograph of an anti-war rally with a banner reading, "Victory to Iraq." Allen won with 63 percent of the vote.[12]

Allen's career in the House was short-lived: in the 1990s round of redistricting, Allen's district, which stretched from the fringes of the Washington suburbs to Charlottesville and included much of the Shenandoah Valley, was eliminated even though Virginia gained a congressional seat as a result of the 1990 Census. This occurred because the Justice Department required Virginia to draw a majority-black district in order to comply with its interpretation of the Voting Rights Act and Virginia's Democratic legislature wished to eliminate a Republican seat.[13]

Allen's district was split between three neighboring districts. While his home in Earlysville (a suburb of Charlottesville) was placed in the 5th District of Lewis F. Payne, Jr., most of his district was placed in the 10th District of Frank Wolf. Allen moved to Mount Vernon and prepared to challenge Wolf in a primary, but Virginia Republican figures made it known that he would have no future in the party if he waged such a challenge.[citation needed] Allen was therefore forced to leave the House in January 1993.

Governor

In November 1993, Allen was elected the 67th Governor of Virginia, serving from 1994 to 1998. As governor, he was recognized for educational reforms such as the implementation of rigorous academic standards and accountability.[citation needed] His tenure also included the overhaul of the juvenile justice system, moves toward the elimination of state welfare programs, and the abolition of parole.[citation needed] Virginia, especially Northern Virginia, boomed during this time period, particularly in the technology area.[citation needed]

Minority groups, especially African-Americans, in Virginia criticized Governor Allen for his policies and his embrace of the Confederate flag, which the NAACP condemned as a symbol of racism and hate.[citation needed] Allen also opposed a state holiday in honor of Martin Luther King Jr.[1] While serving as Governor in 1994, he endorsed Oliver North for U.S. Senate.[citation needed] In 1995, 1996, and 1997, Allen proclaimed April as Confederate History and Heritage Month and called the Civil War "a four-year struggle for independence and sovereign rights."[14] The proclamation did not mention slavery, and his successor, Republican Governor James Gilmore, changed the proclamation and wrote a version that denounced slavery.[15]

Allen could not run for re-election because Virginia's constitution does not allow a governor to succeed himself; as of 2006 Virginia is the only state that has such a provision. [16]

Law partner

In February 1998, Allen became a Richmond-based partner at the law firm McGuire Woods Battle & Booth (now McGuireWoods LLP), as head of its business expansion and relocation team. At the time, Allen said "I think it's healthy to get out of government. If you stay in too long, you lose track of reality and the real world."[17] According to a disclosure form Allen filed on May 12, 2000, he was paid $450,000 by the firm between January 1999 and April 2000. [18]

In mid-1998, Allen joined the board of directors of Xybernaut,[19] a company selling mobile, flip-screen computers. The firm never made a profit—it posted 33 consecutive quarterly losses after it went public in 1996.[20] In September 1999, Allen and the rest of the company's board dismissed the company's accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers, which had issued a report with a "going concern" paragraph that questioned the company’s financial health.[21]

In 1998 and 1999, McGuire Woods billed $315,925 to Xybernaut for legal work. Allen remained on the Xybernaut board until December 2000. He was granted 110,000 options of company stock that were worth $1.5 million at their peak, but he never exercised those options, which expired 90 days after he left the board. Allen made almost no money from the stock, according to his communications director, John Reid. He has refused repeated requests to discuss his involvement with the company.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). McGuire Woods and its employees were, as of July 21, 2006, the top contributor to Allen's 2006 Senatorial campaign. [22]

United States Senate

Allen was elected to the Senate in November 2000, defeating the Democratic incumbent, Chuck Robb, son-in-law of the late President Lyndon B. Johnson. Allen is a member of the Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee, the Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee, the Foreign Relations Committee and the Energy and Natural Resources Committee.

Allen was appointed in the last Congress to serve as the chairman of the High Tech Task Force. Allen was elected as a member of the Senate Republican leadership as Chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee in 2002, and oversaw a net gain of four seats for the Republicans in the 2004 Senate elections. His successor as NRSC chair is Senator Elizabeth Dole.

Allen played a minor role as a Confederate officer in the 2003 film Gods and Generals, a movie which included many cameos of politicians such as Senator Robert Byrd and former Senator Phil Gramm [2]. His role included singing "Southern Rights Hoorah!" (Video).

In June of 2005, Allen co-sponsored a resolution that had the Senate formally apologize for never passing federal legislation despite the lynching of nearly 5,000 people between 1882 and 1968. While spearheading this apology, Allen stood in the Senate and said, "I rise today to offer a formal and heartfelt apology to all the victims of lynching in our history, and for the failure of the United States Senate to take action when action was most needed."[23]

Allen has joined calls for the Senate to consider an apology for slavery. However, in late May of 2006 he began to back away from a slavery apology proposal, explaining that "[s]o far, we haven't seen much of a coalition of support for it".[24]

2006 re-election campaign

Main article: Virginia United States Senate election, 2006

Allen's current term in the Senate expires in January 2007. He is seeking re-election in 2006.

Recent polls show Allen's approval rating at 53%. By comparison, fellow Republican Virginia senator John Warner has an approval rating of 57% in the same poll. [3] Former Secretary of the Navy James H. Webb, a supporter of Allen in 2000,[25] is the Democratic nominee. Gail Parker, a retired USAF officer and retired civilian Pentagon budget analyst, is also on the ballot as the Independent Green Party candidate.

Allen won the Republican nomination on August 11, 2006.

On August 17, 2006, a SurveyUSA poll sponsored by a local Virginian Television Station (WDBJ-TV Roanoke) was conducted and released. Although Allen holds a 47% approval of respondents, 67% of respondents concede that Allen's "macaca" comments were inappropriate.[26]

A late August 2006 Zogby/Wall Street Journal poll showed that the race between Allen and Webb is a statistical dead-heat, with Webb leading at 47.9% and Allen close behind at 46.6%.[27]

2008 Presidential bid

In a survey of 175 Washington insiders conducted by National Journal's "The Hotline" and released April 29, 2005, Allen was the frontrunner for the Republican nomination for the 2008 Presidential election. [28]

In a subsequent insider survey by National Journal in May of 2006, Allen had dropped to second place, and John McCain held a 3-1 lead over Allen.[29]

Allen has traveled frequently to Iowa (the first state with a presidential caucus) and New Hampshire (the first state with a presidential primary) and is widely assumed to be preparing a run for president. While in Iowa, Allen said that he wished he had been born in Iowa.[citation needed]

The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee has accused Allen of changing his positions on key issues to appeal to the Republican Party's conservative base, in preparation for the primaries in 2008.[30] For example, although he had previously supported federal funding for embryonic stem cell research, he modified his stance on August 7, 2005 to confine the funding to research that did not destroy embryos.[31]

Controversies

Charges by Allen's sister Jennifer

Allen's younger sister Jennifer Allen alleges in her memoir Fifth Quarter: The Scrimmage of a Football Coach's Daughter (Random House Publishing, 2000) that Allen attacked his younger siblings during his childhood. [32] She claims that Allen held her by her feet over Niagara Falls,[33] struck her boyfriend in the head with a pool cue,[34] threw his brother Bruce through a glass sliding door, tackled his brother Gregory, breaking his collarbone,[35] and dragged Jennifer upstairs by her hair. In the book, she wrote, "George hoped someday to become a dentist…George said he saw dentistry as a perfect profession—getting paid to make people suffer."[36]

Allen has disputed his sister's characterizations of their childhood. [37]

Barr Labs controversy

It was revealed on August 8, 2006 that Allen, who opposes abortion rights, owned stock in Barr Laboratories Inc., the only American maker of the Plan B "morning after pill", an emergency contraceptive that is supposed to prevent pregnancy if taken within 72 hours of intercourse. The Webb campaign criticized Allen for holding stock in a company that makes a product that many of his supporters oppose. Allen responded by saying that he holds the stock because Barr Labs has created jobs in Virginia, and by pointing to his consistently pro-life voting record.[38]

Confederate flag affinity

Allen has a long history of interest in the Confederate flag, in spite of his never having lived in the South until his transfer from UCLA to the University of Virginia as a sophomore in college.[39]

The May 8, 2006[40] and the May 15, 2006[41] issues of The New Republic reported extensively on Allen's long association with the Confederate flag. The magazine reported that "[a]ccording to his colleagues, classmates, and published reports, Allen has either displayed the [Confederate] flag – on himself, his car, inside his home – or expressed his enthusiastic approval of the emblem from approximately 1967 to 2000." Allen wore a Confederate flag pin for his high school senior class photo. In high school, college, and law school, Allen adorned his vehicle with a Confederate flag. In college he displayed a Confederate flag in his room. He displayed a Confederate flag in his family's living room until 1992. In 1993, Allen's first statewide TV campaign ad for governor included a Confederate flag. Greg Stevens, the political consultant who made the 1993 TV ad, confirmed that the ad included a Confederate flag.

Allen has confirmed that the pin in his high school yearbook was a Confederate flag. Allen has said "it is possible" that he had a Confederate flag on his car in high school.[42]

In 1993, he confirmed that he had long displayed the Confederate flag in his living room, saying that he owned the flag as part of a collection of undeclared scope. In August 2006, however, longtime political journalist Bob Gibson of the [Charlottesville] Daily Progress reported that "two former officials who visited Allen’s log cabin home at different times recall only up to two flags on display there, a Confederate flag and, on an opposite wall, an American flag."[43]

Council of Conservative Citizens

The Nation reported in 2006 that Allen, as Governor, initiated contact with the Council of Conservative Citizens (CCC), one of the largest white supremacist groups.[44] The CCC descended from the segregationist White Citizens' Councils of the Jim Crow-era South.[45] At a 1996 Conservative Political Action Conference attended by Governor Allen and CCC leaders, Allen suggested that the group join together for a photograph.[44] The Nation obtained and published the resulting snapshot, which the CCC had printed in the summer 1996 edition of its Citizens Informer newsletter. The CCC is designated as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center and the Anti-Defamation League, though the CCC disputes these claims.[46]

Macaca controversy

File:Allentaunting.png
Allen points to Webb volunteer, Sidarth, referring to him as "Macaca".[47]

On Friday, August 11, 2006, Allen twice called S.R. Sidarth, a 20-year-old Webb campaign volunteer, a word that sounds like "macaca" or "macaque". Sidarth is of Indian ancestry, but was born and raised in Fairfax County, Virginia. Sidarth was filming an Allen campaign stop in Breaks, Virginia, near the Kentucky border, as a "tracker" for the opposing Webb campaign.

During a speech, Allen paused, then began referring to Sidarth:

This fellow here over here with the yellow shirt, Macaca, or whatever his name is. He's with my opponent. He's following us around everywhere. And it's just great. We're going to places all over Virginia, and he's having it on film and it's great to have you here and you show it to your opponent because he's never been there and probably will never come. [...] Let's give a welcome to Macaca, here. Welcome to America and the real world of Virginia.[48]

According to Sidarth, he was the only person of color present among the crowd of 100 or so Republican supporters, some of whom applauded Allen's remarks.[49]

The Webb campaign accused Allen of having insulted Sidarth's race. The word "macaca" is a variation of "macaque", which refers to a type of monkey, and is a French racial slur used for dark skinned peoples of North African descent.[verification needed] However, the word has different meanings in other languages such as Italian and Spanish. In Italian, the word macaca/macaco means fool, clown, simpleton.[50] Allen's mother emigrated from Tunisia. She speaks Arabic, Italian, and French.[51] [52] Allen speaks French and obtained excellent grades in French as an undergraduate.[53] Allen's campaign maintains that the word was used in reference to Sidarth's hairstyle, which they claim to have called a mohawk, while Sidarth calls his haircut a mullet.[48] Both sides have claimed that a now widely disseminated photo of Sidarth[54], hosted by the Webb campaign, supports their descriptions of his hairstyle.[citation needed] According to an interview of Sidarth conducted on the Young Turks radio program, Sidarth was wearing a baseball cap on the day the incident occurred.[55]

According to the Washington Post, Allen's campaign manager initially dismissed the racial incident with an expletive. Allen later said that he had heard his staff use the term "macaca" in reference to Sidarth, that he did not know what the word meant, and that he did not intend to insult Sidarth's ethnicity when he singled him out to the crowd. "I do apologize if he's offended by that," Allen said, adding that "I would never want to demean him as an individual."[48] On August 20, the Richmond Times-Dispatch reported Allen as saying "he made up the word macaca (a different explanation from the campaign's first response)." [56]

On August 15, John Reid, Allen's communications director, told the New York Times that members of Allen's campaign "good-naturedly" nicknamed Sidarth "Mohawk" when speaking among themselves, but could not explain how the word morphed into "macaca."[57] Reid told the Times that Sidarth only received a nickname from Allen campaign staff because he would not give his real name. Interviewed that day on CNN, however, Sidarth recalled shaking Allen's hand earlier in the week and giving his name. "He's very good with names, legendarily. He tries very hard to remember peoples' names when meeting them," Sidarth said. As for the "macaca" remark, "I am disappointed that someone like a Senator of the United States could use something [so] completely offensive."[58]

On August 16, the National Journal reported that two Virginia Republicans who heard the word used by Allen's campaign staff said "macaca" was a neologism created from "Mohawk" and "caca," Spanish slang for excrement. "Said one Republican close to the campaign: 'In other words, [Sidarth] was a shit-head, an annoyance.'"[59]

In an interview released on August 16, Sidarth said that "he ha[d] yet to hear from Allen directly with an apology".[4] However, Allen's communications director John Reid stated on the same day that "[t]he Senator ha[d] apologized sincerely and repeatedly over the last two days to the young man and to the public in general." [60] [61]

On August 23, twelve days after the incident, Allen phoned in an apology to Sidarth and apologized for the remarks, saying that the apology was "from his heart." Sidarth declined to comment on the apology.[62]

Immediately following the "Macaca Incident," Allen's once broad margin of victory over Senatorial opponent Jim Webb was reduced to a mere three point lead in the polls.[63] A scientific, nation-wide poll taken by the American Polling Research Institute in late August 2006 shows that Allen's usage of the racial slur made 71% of respondents "far less likely" to support an Allen bid for President in 2008 and 18% of respondents "slightly less likely" to support him. Only 3% said the incident didn't matter to them. The poll also examined general election matchups, and found that George Allen fared the worst against Hillary Clinton as the Democratic presidential nominee, losing to Clinton by 27% to 61%.[64]

References

  1. ^ http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.jsp?player_id=14
  2. ^ http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/politics/15284462.htm
  3. ^ See Road to the White House, C-SPAN, Address to the Greenville County, South Carolina, Republican Party Dinner, July 8, 2005 (aired July 11, 2005), at 16 minutes, 33 seconds rtsp://video.c-span.org/project/rwh/rwh071005.rm
  4. ^ http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20060508&s=lizza050806&c=2
  5. ^ http://football.about.com/od/arenafootball/l/bl_georgeallen.htm
  6. ^ http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20060508&s=lizza050806&c=2
  7. ^ http://home.hamptonroads.com/stories/story.cfm?story=107287&ran=42213
  8. ^ "A Tough Question for George Allen". The Decembrist. 2005-05-13. Retrieved 2006-08-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ "Mixing Politics, Pigskins". The Washington Post. February 6, 2006. p. C01.
  10. ^ http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20060508&s=lizza050806&c=2
  11. ^ http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20060508&s=lizza050806&c=2
  12. ^ Jake Tapper, Dead senator running?, Salon magazine, November 17, 1999.
  13. ^ See Barone and Ujifusa, Almanac of American Politics 1994
  14. ^ "Governor Is Criticized For 'Confederacy Month'". The New York Times. April 11, 1997.
  15. ^ "GEORGE ALLEN'S FLAG FETISH". The New Republic. May 15, 2006.
  16. ^ http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1996/vp960516/05160010.htm
  17. ^ Mark Hilpert,"Ex-Gov. Allen now `rainmaker' for Va. law firm", Washington Business Journal, February 13, 1998
  18. ^ Garance Franke-Ruta,"Just a Gigolo: In the go-go ’90s, George Allen sat on the board of a Virginia tech company. Now, the company faces several class-action suits and an SEC insiders probe", American Prospect magazine, issue date of September 12, 2006
  19. ^ [http://sec.edgar-online.com/1998/10/01/08/0000910680-98-000357/Section9.asp Xybernaut October 1, 1999 SB-2 SEC filing
  20. ^ Ellen McCarthy, "Xybernaut Hid Gathering Storm In Bright Forecasts", Washington Post, April 21, 2005
  21. ^ Xybernaut SEC filing, Form 8-K, September 19, 1999
  22. ^ Campaign contributions to Allen's Senatorial campaign, Washington Post
  23. ^ http://www.registerbee.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=DRB/MGArticle/DRB_BasicArticle&c=MGArticle&cid=1031784119905
  24. ^ "Allen undecided on slavery apology, cites little support". Richmond Times-Dispatch. May 26, 2006.
  25. ^ http://www.dailypress.com/news/local/dp-95638sy0mar30,0,5441589.story?coll=dp-news-local-final
  26. ^ http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=afe06e2b-8fd3-4613-877b-f3cae31803a6
  27. ^ http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/info-flash05a.html?project=elections06-ft&h=495&w=778&hasAd=1
  28. ^ Gwen Glazer (April 29, 2005). "Signed, Sealed... But Not So Fast. Insiders' Predictions For WH 2008 May Not Match Public's Vision". National Journal. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ "McCain Roars Past Allen In New NJ Insiders Poll". National Journal. May 11, 2006.
  30. ^ http://www.dscc.org/news/roundup/20050808_allen/
  31. ^ "CNN LATE EDITION WITH WOLF BLITZER". CNN. August 7, 2005.
  32. ^ Fifth Quarter: The Scrimmage of a Football Coach's Daughter Contains editorial reviews
  33. ^ Jennifer Allen. Fifth Quarter: The Scrimmage of a Football Coach's Daughter, Random House, 2000. page 34
  34. ^ Jennifer Allen. Fifth Quarter: The Scrimmage of a Football Coach's Daughter, Random House, 2000. page 178
  35. ^ Jennifer Allen. Fifth Quarter: The Scrimmage of a Football Coach's Daughter, Random House, 2000. page 22
  36. ^ Jennifer Allen. Fifth Quarter: The Scrimmage of a Football Coach's Daughter, Random House, 2000. page 22
  37. ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2006/08/16/gop-senator-george-allen_n_27382.html
  38. ^ "Abortion Foe Allen Faulted for Stock in Morning-After Pill Maker". The Washington Post. August 9, 2006. p. B05.
  39. ^ "GEORGE ALLEN'S RACE PROBLEM". The New Republic. May 08, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ "GEORGE ALLEN'S RACE PROBLEM". The New Republic. May 08, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ "GEORGE ALLEN'S FLAG FETISH". The New Republic. May 15, 2006.
  42. ^ "GEORGE ALLEN'S RACE PROBLEM". The New Republic. May 08, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ Gibson, Bob (August 25, 2006). "Allen's old flag collection may be small". The Daily Progress.
  44. ^ a b Blumenthal, Max (September 11, 2006). "Beyond Macaca: The Photograph That Haunts George Allen". The Nation. Published online on August 29, 2006.
  45. ^ Applebome, Peter (December 13, 2002). "DIVISIVE WORDS: THE RECORD; Lott's Walk Near the Incendiary Edge of Southern History". The New York Times.
  46. ^ http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=487
  47. ^ "Allen's Listening Tour". YouTube. 2006-08-14. Retrieved 2006-08-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  48. ^ a b c "Sen. Allen's Remarks Spark Ire". The Washington Post. August 14, 2006.
  49. ^ "Allen Quip Provokes Outrage, Apology". The Washington Post. August 15, 2006.
  50. ^ {Collins Sansoni Italian Dictionary:publisher= Sansoni of Florence, Italy {cite news | url=http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-ethnic-slurs#M | title=Encyclopedia: List of ethnic slurs | publisher=Nationmaster.com}}
  51. ^ "'Hardball with Chris Matthews' for March 29". MSNBC. March 30, 2006.
  52. ^ "Senator George Allen addresses Graduates". Longwood University. May 14, 2005.
  53. ^ "Senator George Allen addresses Graduates". Longwood University. May 14, 2005.
  54. ^ "S.R. Sidarth at an Allen Campaign Event". Virginia Conservative. August 18, 2006.
  55. ^ http://www.theyoungturks.com/story/2006/8/16/201332/564
  56. ^ http://www.timesdispatch.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=RTD/MGArticle/RTD_BasicArticle&c=MGArticle&cid=1149190075864&path=!news&s=1045855934842
  57. ^ "Verbal Gaffe From a Senator, Then an Apology". New York Times. August 15, 2005.
  58. ^ "George Allen's 'Macaca' Remark". CNN News. August 15, 2006.
  59. ^ "A New Explanation For "Macaca?"". National Journal (Hotline). August 16, 2006.
  60. ^ http://www.theyoungturks.com/story/2006/8/16/201332/564
  61. ^ http://hotlineblog.nationaljournal.com/archives/2006/08/a_new_explanati.html
  62. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/23/AR2006082301600_2.html
  63. ^ "Results of SurveyUSA Election Poll #10072". SurveyUSA. August 21, 2006.
  64. ^ "2006 and 2008 Elections". American Polling Research Institute. August 30, 2005.

See also

Preceded by
D. French Slaughter, Jr.
 United States Representative for the 7th Congressional District of Virginia
1991–1993 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Virginia
1994–1998 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Senator (Class 1) from Virginia
2001– 		Succeeded by
Incumbent
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