Houston County, Minnesota: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 43°40′N 91°29′W / 43.67°N 91.49°W / 43.67; -91.49
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{{short description|County in Minnesota, United States}}
{{short description|County in Minnesota, United States}}
{{Update|Demographics|date=March 2020}}
{{Update|Demographics|date=March 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
{{Infobox U.S. county
| county = Houston County
| county = Houston County
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}}
}}


'''Houston County''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|j|uː|s|t|ə|n}} {{respell|HEW|stən}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ap.org/minnesota/prono.html |title=Minnesota Pronunciation Guide |website=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=July 4, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722194213/http://www.ap.org/minnesota/prono.html |archive-date=July 22, 2011 }}</ref> is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Minnesota]]. At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 18,843.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/houstoncountyminnesota/PST045222 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 20, 2023}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Caledonia, Minnesota|Caledonia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref>
'''Houston County''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|j|uː|s|t|ə|n}} {{respell|HEW|stən}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minnesota Pronunciation Guide |url=http://www.ap.org/minnesota/prono.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722194213/http://www.ap.org/minnesota/prono.html |archive-date=July 22, 2011 |access-date=July 4, 2011 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Minnesota]]. At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 18,843.<ref name="QF">{{Cite web |title=State & County QuickFacts |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/houstoncountyminnesota/PST045222 |access-date=April 20, 2023 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Caledonia, Minnesota|Caledonia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find a County |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 |access-date=June 7, 2011 |publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref>


Houston County is included in the [[La Crosse–Onalaska]] metropolitan statistical area.
Houston County is included in the [[La Crosse–Onalaska]] metropolitan statistical area.


==History==
==History==
The area covered by today's Houston County was first organized as St. Croix County, of the Wisconsin Territory, in 1839.<ref>History 1919, p. 15</ref> On October 27, 1849, part of that county was partitioned off to create Wabashaw County of the Minnesota Territory.<ref>History 1919, p. 94</ref> On February 23, 1854, the territorial legislature authorized the partitioning of sections of Wabashaw to create Fillmore County<ref>History 1919, pp. 94-95</ref> and Houston County.<ref name="hist 95">History 1919, p. 95</ref> An election on April 4, 1854, allowed the county government to be completed.<ref name="hist 95"/> The county was named for [[Sam Houston]], who had been president of the Republic of Texas and a US senator from Texas.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA161|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|publisher=Govt. Print. Off.|author=Gannett, Henry|year=1905|page=161}}</ref> The village of Houston was the first county seat. Then a land speculator made an effort to move the seat to Caledonia, and in 1855 the county board moved the county records to Caledonia, which became the de facto seat, and eventually the legal seat after several county votes. In 1855 the records were stored in the cabin of Commissioner Samuel McPhail; the first court hearings were held in that cabin, and a one-story courthouse and jail was built in Caledonia in 1857. A two-story building was built in Caledonia in 1867, and several referendums made Caledonia the county seat by 1874.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mncourts.gov/default.aspx?siteID=0&page=CourtHouseProfile&ID=40026|title=Houston County Courthouse|access-date=October 18, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206133702/http://www.mncourts.gov/default.aspx?siteID=0&page=CourtHouseProfile&ID=40026|archive-date=December 6, 2007}}</ref> From that point on, Caledonia prospered and Houston slowly declined. The only other area of prominence was [[La Crescent, Minnesota|La Crescent]], which benefited from its connection to [[La Crosse, Wisconsin]].
The area covered by today's Houston County was first organized as St. Croix County, of the Wisconsin Territory, in 1839.<ref>History 1919, p. 15</ref> On October 27, 1849, part of that county was partitioned off to create Wabashaw County of the Minnesota Territory.<ref>History 1919, p. 94</ref> On February 23, 1854, the territorial legislature authorized the partitioning of sections of Wabashaw to create Fillmore County<ref>History 1919, pp. 94-95</ref> and Houston County.<ref name="hist 95">History 1919, p. 95</ref> An election on April 4, 1854, allowed the county government to be completed.<ref name="hist 95" /> The county was named for [[Sam Houston]], who had been president of the Republic of Texas and a US senator from Texas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gannett, Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA161 |title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States |publisher=Govt. Print. Off. |year=1905 |page=161}}</ref> The village of Houston was the first county seat. Then a land speculator made an effort to move the seat to Caledonia, and in 1855 the county board moved the county records to Caledonia, which became the de facto seat, and eventually the legal seat after several county votes. In 1855 the records were stored in the cabin of Commissioner Samuel McPhail; the first court hearings were held in that cabin, and a one-story courthouse and jail was built in Caledonia in 1857. A two-story building was built in Caledonia in 1867, and several referendums made Caledonia the county seat by 1874.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Houston County Courthouse |url=http://www.mncourts.gov/default.aspx?siteID=0&page=CourtHouseProfile&ID=40026 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206133702/http://www.mncourts.gov/default.aspx?siteID=0&page=CourtHouseProfile&ID=40026 |archive-date=December 6, 2007 |access-date=October 18, 2013}}</ref> From that point on, Caledonia prospered and Houston slowly declined. The only other area of prominence was [[La Crescent, Minnesota|La Crescent]], which benefited from its connection to [[La Crosse, Wisconsin]].


==Geography==
==Geography==
Houston County is at Minnesota's southeast corner. Its eastern border abuts [[Wisconsin]] (across the [[Mississippi River]]) and its southern border abuts [[Iowa]]. The Mississippi flows south-southeast along its eastern border. The [[Root River (Minnesota)|Root River]] flows east through the northern part of the county, discharging into the Mississippi. Pine Creek flows east-southeast through the northeastern part of the county to discharge into the Mississippi, while Crooked Creek flows east across the southern part of the county to discharge into the Mississippi. The county's terrain consists of low rolling hills on its western end, transitioning to hills carved with drainages toward the east.<ref name=HCM>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Houston+County,+MN/@43.6143455,-91.4083394,11.5z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x87fbe0dae5e2916f:0x535deceda410257b!8m2!3d43.7051652!4d-91.443469 ''Houston County MN'' Google Maps (accessed March 12, 2019)]</ref> The central and western portion of the county is a plateau with its highest point at {{convert|1,273|ft|m|abbr=on}} ASL, near its southwest corner.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm |title="Find an Altitude/Houston County MN" Google Maps (accessed March 12, 2019) |access-date=March 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521043409/https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm |archive-date=May 21, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The county has a total area of {{convert|569|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|552|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|17|sqmi}} (2.9%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_27.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 15, 2014|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102023/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_27.txt|archive-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref>
Houston County is at Minnesota's southeast corner. Its eastern border abuts [[Wisconsin]] (across the [[Mississippi River]]) and its southern border abuts [[Iowa]]. The Mississippi flows south-southeast along its eastern border. The [[Root River (Minnesota)|Root River]] flows east through the northern part of the county, discharging into the Mississippi. Pine Creek flows east-southeast through the northeastern part of the county to discharge into the Mississippi, while Crooked Creek flows east across the southern part of the county to discharge into the Mississippi. The county's terrain consists of low rolling hills on its western end, transitioning to hills carved with drainages toward the east.<ref name="HCM">[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Houston+County,+MN/@43.6143455,-91.4083394,11.5z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x87fbe0dae5e2916f:0x535deceda410257b!8m2!3d43.7051652!4d-91.443469 ''Houston County MN'' Google Maps (accessed March 12, 2019)]</ref> The central and western portion of the county is a plateau with its highest point at {{convert|1,273|ft|m|abbr=on}} ASL, near its southwest corner.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Find an Altitude/Houston County MN" Google Maps (accessed March 12, 2019) |url=https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521043409/https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm |archive-date=May 21, 2019 |access-date=March 12, 2019}}</ref> The county has a total area of {{convert|569|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|552|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|17|sqmi}} (2.9%) is water.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2012 |title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_27.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102023/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_27.txt |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |access-date=October 15, 2014 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>


[[File:Northern Houston County MN.jpg|thumb|Driftless scenery in Houston County]]
[[File:Northern Houston County MN.jpg|thumb|Driftless scenery in Houston County]]
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|estyear=2023
|estyear=2023
|estimate=18582
|estimate=18582
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|access-date=March 18, 2024}}</ref>
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{Cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html |access-date=March 18, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 15, 2014}}</ref><br/>1790–1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=October 15, 2014}}</ref> 1900–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/mn190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 15, 2014}}</ref><br/>1990–2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 15, 2014}}</ref> 2010–2020<ref name="QF"/>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Decennial Census |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |access-date=October 15, 2014 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><br/>1790–1960<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical Census Browser |url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu |access-date=October 15, 2014 |publisher=University of Virginia Library}}</ref> 1900–1990<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/mn190090.txt |access-date=October 15, 2014 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><br/>1990–2000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |access-date=October 15, 2014 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> 2010–2020<ref name="QF" />
}}
}}


===2020 Census===
===2020 Census===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Houston County Racial Composition<ref>{{Cite web|title =P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Houston County, Minnesota|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Houston%20County,%20Minnesota&t=Race%20and%20Ethnicity&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2}}</ref>
|+Houston County Racial Composition<ref>{{Cite web |title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Houston County, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Houston%20County,%20Minnesota&t=Race%20and%20Ethnicity&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2}}</ref>
!Race
!Race
!Num.
!Num.
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==Government and politics==
==Government and politics==
Houston County voters have tended to vote Republican in the 21st century. As of 2020 the county had selected the Republican candidate in 67% of presidential elections since 1980.
Houston County voters have tended to vote Republican in the 21st century. As of 2020 the county had selected the Republican candidate in 67% of presidential elections since 1980.
{{PresHead|place=Houston County, Minnesota|whig=no|source1=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Atlas of US Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=US Election Atlas|access-date=September 19, 2018}}</ref>}}
{{PresHead|place=Houston County, Minnesota|whig=no|source1=<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leip |first=David |title=Atlas of US Presidential Elections |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS |access-date=September 19, 2018 |website=US Election Atlas}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|6,334|4,853|253|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|6,334|4,853|253|Minnesota}}
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+County Board of Commissioners<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Commissioners – Houston County|url=https://www.co.houston.mn.us/departments/board-of-commissioners/|access-date=April 25, 2023|language=en-US}}</ref>
|+County Board of Commissioners<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Commissioners – Houston County |url=https://www.co.houston.mn.us/departments/board-of-commissioners/ |access-date=April 25, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>
!Position
!Position
!Name
!Name
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| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
|Senate
|Senate
|[[Jeremy Miller (politician)|Jeremy Miller]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=MN State Senate|url=https://www.senate.mn/members/member_bio.html?mem_id=1179|access-date=June 25, 2020|website=www.senate.mn|language=en}}</ref>
|[[Jeremy Miller (politician)|Jeremy Miller]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MN State Senate |url=https://www.senate.mn/members/member_bio.html?mem_id=1179 |access-date=June 25, 2020 |website=www.senate.mn |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|District 26
|District 26
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| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
|House of Representatives
|House of Representatives
|[[Greg Davids]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rep. Greg Davids (28B) - Minnesota House of Representatives|url=https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/profile/10123|access-date=June 25, 2020|website=www.house.leg.state.mn.us}}</ref>
|[[Greg Davids]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rep. Greg Davids (28B) - Minnesota House of Representatives |url=https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/profile/10123 |access-date=June 25, 2020 |website=www.house.leg.state.mn.us}}</ref>
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|District 26B
|District 26B
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| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
|[[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
|[[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
|[[Brad Finstad]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/3598486-republican-rep-brad-finstad-sworn-in-to-finish-hagedorns-house-term/ | title=Republican Rep. Brad Finstad sworn in to finish Hagedorn's House term | date=August 12, 2022 }}</ref>
|[[Brad Finstad]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Republican Rep. Brad Finstad sworn in to finish Hagedorn's House term |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/3598486-republican-rep-brad-finstad-sworn-in-to-finish-hagedorns-house-term/}}</ref>
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|[[Minnesota's 1st congressional district|1st]]
|[[Minnesota's 1st congressional district|1st]]
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| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |
|[[United States Senate|Senate]]
|[[United States Senate|Senate]]
|[[Amy Klobuchar]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar|url=https://www.klobuchar.senate.gov/public/|access-date=June 24, 2020|website=www.klobuchar.senate.gov}}</ref>
|[[Amy Klobuchar]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar |url=https://www.klobuchar.senate.gov/public/ |access-date=June 24, 2020 |website=www.klobuchar.senate.gov}}</ref>
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]
| rowspan="2" |N/A
| rowspan="2" |N/A
Line 316: Line 316:
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |
|[[United States Senate|Senate]]
|[[United States Senate|Senate]]
|[[Tina Smith]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.smith.senate.gov/|access-date=June 24, 2020|website=Senator Tina Smith|language=en}}</ref>
|[[Tina Smith]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.smith.senate.gov/ |access-date=June 24, 2020 |website=Senator Tina Smith |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]
|}
|}


==Education==
==Education==
School districts include:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st27_mn/schooldistrict_maps/c27055_houston/DC20SD_C27055.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812063208/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st27_mn/schooldistrict_maps/c27055_houston/DC20SD_C27055.pdf |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |url-status=live|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Houston County, MN|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 19, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st27_mn/schooldistrict_maps/c27055_houston/DC20SD_C27055_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>
School districts include:<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Houston County, MN |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st27_mn/schooldistrict_maps/c27055_houston/DC20SD_C27055.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812063208/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st27_mn/schooldistrict_maps/c27055_houston/DC20SD_C27055.pdf |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |access-date=July 19, 2022 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st27_mn/schooldistrict_maps/c27055_houston/DC20SD_C27055_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>
* [[Caledonia Public School District]]
* [[Caledonia Public School District]]
* [[Houston Public School District]]
* [[Houston Public School District]]

Latest revision as of 23:27, 25 April 2024

Houston County
County
Houston County Courthouse in Caledonia
Houston County Courthouse in Caledonia
Map of Minnesota highlighting Houston County
Location within the U.S. state of Minnesota
Map of the United States highlighting Minnesota
Minnesota's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 43°40′N 91°29′W / 43.67°N 91.49°W / 43.67; -91.49
Country United States
State Minnesota
FoundedFebruary 23, 1854 (created)
April 4, 1854 (organized)
Named forSam Houston
SeatCaledonia
Largest cityLa Crescent
Area
 • Total569 sq mi (1,470 km2)
 • Land552 sq mi (1,430 km2)
 • Water17 sq mi (40 km2)  2.9%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total18,843
 • Estimate 
(2023)
18,582 Decrease
 • Density34.1/sq mi (13.2/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district1st
Websiteco.houston.mn.us

Houston County (/ˈhjuːstən/ HEW-stən)[1] is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. At the 2020 census, the population was 18,843.[2] Its county seat is Caledonia.[3]

Houston County is included in the La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan statistical area.

History[edit]

The area covered by today's Houston County was first organized as St. Croix County, of the Wisconsin Territory, in 1839.[4] On October 27, 1849, part of that county was partitioned off to create Wabashaw County of the Minnesota Territory.[5] On February 23, 1854, the territorial legislature authorized the partitioning of sections of Wabashaw to create Fillmore County[6] and Houston County.[7] An election on April 4, 1854, allowed the county government to be completed.[7] The county was named for Sam Houston, who had been president of the Republic of Texas and a US senator from Texas.[8] The village of Houston was the first county seat. Then a land speculator made an effort to move the seat to Caledonia, and in 1855 the county board moved the county records to Caledonia, which became the de facto seat, and eventually the legal seat after several county votes. In 1855 the records were stored in the cabin of Commissioner Samuel McPhail; the first court hearings were held in that cabin, and a one-story courthouse and jail was built in Caledonia in 1857. A two-story building was built in Caledonia in 1867, and several referendums made Caledonia the county seat by 1874.[9] From that point on, Caledonia prospered and Houston slowly declined. The only other area of prominence was La Crescent, which benefited from its connection to La Crosse, Wisconsin.

Geography[edit]

Houston County is at Minnesota's southeast corner. Its eastern border abuts Wisconsin (across the Mississippi River) and its southern border abuts Iowa. The Mississippi flows south-southeast along its eastern border. The Root River flows east through the northern part of the county, discharging into the Mississippi. Pine Creek flows east-southeast through the northeastern part of the county to discharge into the Mississippi, while Crooked Creek flows east across the southern part of the county to discharge into the Mississippi. The county's terrain consists of low rolling hills on its western end, transitioning to hills carved with drainages toward the east.[10] The central and western portion of the county is a plateau with its highest point at 1,273 ft (388 m) ASL, near its southwest corner.[11] The county has a total area of 569 square miles (1,470 km2), of which 552 square miles (1,430 km2) is land and 17 square miles (44 km2) (2.9%) is water.[12]

Driftless scenery in Houston County

The county is in the Driftless Zone, marked by the absence of glacial drift and presence of bedrock cut by streams into steep hills. The plateau that surrounds Caledonia includes flat, fertile farm land and hilly, verdant pasture land.

Soils of Houston County[13]
Soils of Beaver Creek Valley State Park neighborhood

Lakes[edit]

The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge runs along the county's eastern border. Four lakes in the refuge fall within the county:[10]

  • Blue Lake
  • Hayshore Lake
  • Lawrence Lake
  • Target Lake

Adjacent counties[edit]

Protected areas[edit]

[10]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18606,645—
187014,936124.8%
188016,3329.3%
189014,653−10.3%
190015,4005.1%
191014,297−7.2%
192014,013−2.0%
193013,845−1.2%
194014,7356.4%
195014,435−2.0%
196016,58814.9%
197017,5565.8%
198018,3824.7%
199018,4970.6%
200019,7186.6%
201019,027−3.5%
202018,843−1.0%
2023 (est.)18,582[14]−1.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
1790–1960[16] 1900–1990[17]
1990–2000[18] 2010–2020[2]

2020 Census[edit]

Houston County Racial Composition[19]
Race Num. Perc.
White (NH) 17,840 94.7%
Black or African American (NH) 90 0.5%
Native American (NH) 42 0.22%
Asian (NH) 101 0.54%
Pacific Islander (NH) 4 0.02%
Other/Mixed (NH) 523 2.8%
Hispanic or Latino 243 1.3%

2000 census[edit]

Age pyramid of county residents based on 2000 census data

As of the census of 2000, there were 19,718 people, 7,633 households and 5,411 families in the county. The population density was 35.7 per square mile (13.8/km2). There were 8,168 housing units at an average density of 14.8 per square mile (5.7/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.47% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. 0.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.1% were of German, 29.6% Norwegian and 7.5% Irish ancestry.

There were 7,633 households, of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.05.

The county population contained 27.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median household income was $40,680 and the median family income was $49,196. Males had a median income of $32,557 and females $22,158. The per capita income was $18,826. About 4.2% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation[edit]

Transit[edit]

Major highways[edit]

Airport[edit]

Communities[edit]

Cities[edit]

Unincorporated communities[edit]

Townships[edit]

Government and politics[edit]

Houston County voters have tended to vote Republican in the 21st century. As of 2020 the county had selected the Republican candidate in 67% of presidential elections since 1980.

United States presidential election results for Houston County, Minnesota[20]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 6,334 55.37% 4,853 42.42% 253 2.21%
2016 5,616 52.96% 4,145 39.09% 843 7.95%
2012 4,951 47.40% 5,281 50.56% 214 2.05%
2008 4,743 43.58% 5,906 54.27% 234 2.15%
2004 5,631 50.81% 5,276 47.61% 175 1.58%
2000 5,077 49.94% 4,502 44.28% 588 5.78%
1996 3,674 38.88% 4,153 43.95% 1,623 17.17%
1992 3,853 36.87% 3,744 35.82% 2,854 27.31%
1988 4,777 54.13% 3,936 44.60% 112 1.27%
1984 5,645 61.06% 3,512 37.99% 88 0.95%
1980 5,582 58.88% 3,218 33.94% 681 7.18%
1976 4,853 54.37% 3,861 43.26% 212 2.38%
1972 5,186 66.57% 2,467 31.67% 137 1.76%
1968 4,450 57.94% 2,703 35.19% 528 6.87%
1964 3,433 46.86% 3,885 53.03% 8 0.11%
1960 4,807 60.93% 3,080 39.04% 3 0.04%
1956 4,538 67.93% 2,133 31.93% 9 0.13%
1952 5,365 74.28% 1,830 25.34% 28 0.39%
1948 3,540 56.81% 2,623 42.10% 68 1.09%
1944 4,036 68.31% 1,847 31.26% 25 0.42%
1940 4,825 69.48% 2,082 29.98% 37 0.53%
1936 2,701 44.28% 3,156 51.74% 243 3.98%
1932 2,335 42.63% 3,052 55.71% 91 1.66%
1928 3,615 64.87% 1,937 34.76% 21 0.38%
1924 2,782 53.58% 402 7.74% 2,008 38.67%
1920 4,101 85.67% 598 12.49% 88 1.84%
1916 1,783 69.08% 744 28.83% 54 2.09%
1912 659 23.75% 762 27.46% 1,354 48.79%
1908 1,700 67.35% 745 29.52% 79 3.13%
1904 1,546 76.12% 434 21.37% 51 2.51%
1900 1,765 64.58% 884 32.35% 84 3.07%
1896 2,087 65.92% 991 31.30% 88 2.78%
1892 1,509 50.13% 1,243 41.30% 258 8.57%
County Board of Commissioners[21]
Position Name District Next election
Commissioner Dewey Severson 1 2024
Commissioner Eric Johnson 2 2026
Commissioner Bob Burns 3 2024
Commissioner Bob Schuldt 4 2026
Commissioner Greg Myhre 5 2024
State Legislature (2021–2023)
Position Name Affiliation District
Senate Jeremy Miller[22] Republican District 26
House of Representatives Greg Davids[23] Republican District 26B
U.S Congress (2021–2023)
Position Name Affiliation District
House of Representatives Brad Finstad[24] Republican 1st
Senate Amy Klobuchar[25] Democrat N/A
Senate Tina Smith[26] Democrat

Education[edit]

School districts include:[27]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Minnesota Pronunciation Guide". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  2. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ History 1919, p. 15
  5. ^ History 1919, p. 94
  6. ^ History 1919, pp. 94-95
  7. ^ a b History 1919, p. 95
  8. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 161.
  9. ^ "Houston County Courthouse". Archived from the original on December 6, 2007. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  10. ^ a b c Houston County MN Google Maps (accessed March 12, 2019)
  11. ^ ""Find an Altitude/Houston County MN" Google Maps (accessed March 12, 2019)". Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  12. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  13. ^ Nelson, Steven (2011). Savanna Soils of Minnesota. Minnesota: Self. pp. 43-48. ISBN 978-0-615-50320-2.
  14. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  15. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  16. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  17. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  18. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  19. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Houston County, Minnesota".
  20. ^ Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". US Election Atlas. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  21. ^ "Board of Commissioners – Houston County". Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  22. ^ "MN State Senate". www.senate.mn. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  23. ^ "Rep. Greg Davids (28B) - Minnesota House of Representatives". www.house.leg.state.mn.us. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  24. ^ "Republican Rep. Brad Finstad sworn in to finish Hagedorn's House term". August 12, 2022.
  25. ^ "U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar". www.klobuchar.senate.gov. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  26. ^ "Home". Senator Tina Smith. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  27. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Houston County, MN" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2022. - Text list
  • History of Houston County (1919)[1]

External links[edit]

Wikisource has the text of an 1879 American Cyclopædia article about Houston County, Minnesota.

43°40′N 91°29′W / 43.67°N 91.49°W / 43.67; -91.49

  1. ^ [1] Digitized version (accessed March 12, 2019)
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