San Diego International Airport: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 32°44′01″N 117°11′23″W / 32.73361°N 117.18972°W / 32.73361; -117.18972
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San Diego is the largest [[metropolitan area]] in the United States that is not an [[airline hub]] or secondary hub; however, San Diego is a focus city for [[Alaska Airlines]] and [[Southwest Airlines]]. The top five carriers in San Diego during 2015, by seat capacity, are Southwest Airlines (42.7%), [[American Airlines]] (14.0%), [[United Airlines]] (11.2%), [[Alaska Airlines]] (10.1%), and [[Delta Air Lines]] (9.9%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/san-diego-international-airport-successfully-fighting-to-grow-despite-opposition-to-relocation-205078 |title=San Diego International Airport: successfully fighting to grow, despite opposition to relocation |date=January 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 1, 2015}}</ref>
San Diego is the largest [[metropolitan area]] in the United States that is not an [[airline hub]] or secondary hub; however, San Diego is a focus city for [[Alaska Airlines]] and [[Southwest Airlines]]. The top five carriers in San Diego during 2015, by seat capacity, are Southwest Airlines (42.7%), [[American Airlines]] (14.0%), [[United Airlines]] (11.2%), [[Alaska Airlines]] (10.1%), and [[Delta Air Lines]] (9.9%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/san-diego-international-airport-successfully-fighting-to-grow-despite-opposition-to-relocation-205078 |title=San Diego International Airport: successfully fighting to grow, despite opposition to relocation |date=January 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 1, 2015}}</ref>


It is the busiest single-[[runway]] commercial airport in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |last=Summers |first=Dave |date=May 30, 2015 |title=FAA Takes Steps to Change Rules Regarding Mental and Emotional Health of Pilots |url=http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/FAA-Takes-Steps-to-Change-Rules-Regarding-Mental-and-Emotional-Health-of-Pilots-305575041.html |newspaper=KNSD |location=San Diego |access-date=June 23, 2015}}<br>{{cite book|author=Ziff Davis, Inc.|title=PC Mag|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbbCFfLAqWcC&pg=PA24|date=5 September 2006|publisher=Ziff Davis, Inc.|page=24|issn=0888-8507}}<br>{{cite book|title=Developing an Airport Performance-measurement System|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-jHsS-2aLEC&pg=PA112|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Transportation Research Board|isbn=978-0-309-15477-2|page=112}}<br>{{cite news |last=Halverstadt |first=Lisa |date=September 23, 2014 |title=For San Diego Businesses, the Sky Is What’s Limiting |url=http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/economy/for-san-diego-businesses-the-sky-is-whats-limiting/ |newspaper=Voice of San Diego |access-date=June 23, 2015}}</ref> [[Gatwick Airport]] has two runways, but can only use one at a time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davitt |first=Dermot |date=December 9, 2014 |title=Gatwick Airport posts record month for passenger traffic in August |url=http://www.moodiereport.com/document.php?doc_id=40771 |newspaper=The Moodie Report |location=Middlesex, United Kingdom |access-date=June 23, 2015}}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/tpp/offices/ogm/air_cargo/updated_060315/Final_SAN_FS_052314jp.pdf |title=Freight Planning Fact Sheet |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=May 2014 |website=Calfrans Office of System and Freight Planning |publisher=State of California |access-date=June 23, 2015 |quote= It is the busiest single runway airport in the nation and second in the world behind Gatwick Airport near London.}}</ref>
It is the busiest single-[[runway]] commercial airport in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |last=Summers |first=Dave |date=May 30, 2015 |title=FAA Takes Steps to Change Rules Regarding Mental and Emotional Health of Pilots |url=http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/FAA-Takes-Steps-to-Change-Rules-Regarding-Mental-and-Emotional-Health-of-Pilots-305575041.html |newspaper=KNSD |location=San Diego |access-date=June 23, 2015}}<br>{{cite book|author=Ziff Davis, Inc.|title=PC Mag|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbbCFfLAqWcC&pg=PA24|date=5 September 2006|publisher=Ziff Davis, Inc.|page=24|issn=0888-8507}}<br>{{cite book|title=Developing an Airport Performance-measurement System|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-jHsS-2aLEC&pg=PA112|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Transportation Research Board|isbn=978-0-309-15477-2|page=112}}<br>{{cite news |last=Halverstadt |first=Lisa |date=September 23, 2014 |title=For San Diego Businesses, the Sky Is What’s Limiting |url=http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/economy/for-san-diego-businesses-the-sky-is-whats-limiting/ |newspaper=Voice of San Diego |access-date=June 23, 2015}}</ref>


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 21:50, 23 October 2016

San Diego International Airport

Lindbergh Field
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorSan Diego County Regional Airport Authority
ServesGreater San Diego
LocationNorth Harbor Drive
San Diego, California
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL17 ft / 5 m
Coordinates32°44′01″N 117°11′23″W / 32.73361°N 117.18972°W / 32.73361; -117.18972
Websitewww.san.org
Maps
FAA airport diagram
FAA airport diagram
SAN is located in San Diego
SAN
SAN
Location within San Diego
SAN is located in California
SAN
SAN
SAN (California)
SAN is located in the United States
SAN
SAN
SAN (the United States)
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
9/27 9,400 2,865 Asphalt/Concrete
Statistics (2015)
Total passengers20,081,258
International Passengers698,754
Total Domestic Passengers19,382,504
Source: Airport Authority[2][3]

San Diego International Airport (IATA: SAN, ICAO: KSAN, FAA LID: SAN), also known as Lindbergh Field, is an international airport 3 mi (4.8 km) northwest of downtown San Diego, California, United States. It is operated by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority.[4][5]

In 2015, traffic at San Diego International exceeded 20 million passengers.[2] The airport had about 465 scheduled operations carrying 48,000 passengers each day, a total of 18,756,997 passengers in 2014. The airport has domestic flights and also has international flights to Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Japan.

San Diego is the largest metropolitan area in the United States that is not an airline hub or secondary hub; however, San Diego is a focus city for Alaska Airlines and Southwest Airlines. The top five carriers in San Diego during 2015, by seat capacity, are Southwest Airlines (42.7%), American Airlines (14.0%), United Airlines (11.2%), Alaska Airlines (10.1%), and Delta Air Lines (9.9%).[6]

It is the busiest single-runway commercial airport in the United States.[7]

History

The airport is near the site of the Ryan Airlines factory, but it is not the same as Dutch Flats, the Ryan airstrip where Charles Lindbergh flight tested the Spirit of St. Louis before his historic 1927 transatlantic flight. The site of Dutch Flats is on the other side of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, in the Midway area, near the current intersection of Midway and Barnett avenues.[8]

Inspired by Lindbergh's flight and excited to have made his plane, the city of San Diego passed a bond issue in 1928 for the construction of a two-runway municipal airport. Lindbergh encouraged the building of the airport and agreed to lend his name to it.[9] The new airport, dedicated on August 16, 1928, was San Diego Municipal Airport – Lindbergh Field.

The airport was the first federally certified airfield to serve all aircraft types, including seaplanes. The original terminal was on the northeast side of the field, on Pacific Highway. The airport was also a testing facility for several early U.S. sailplane designs, notably those by William Hawley Bowlus (superintendent of construction on the Spirit of St. Louis) who also operated the Bowlus Glider School at Lindbergh Field from 1929–1930. On June 1, 1930, a regular San Diego – Los Angeles airmail route started. The airport gained 'international airport' status in 1934, and a United States Coast Guard Air Base next to the field was commissioned in April 1937. The Coast Guard's fixed-wing aircraft used Lindbergh Field until the mid-1990s when the fixed-wing aircraft were retired.

A major defense contractor and contributor to World War II heavy bomber production, Consolidated Aircraft, later known as Convair, had their headquarters on the border of Lindbergh Field, and much of their military aircraft was manufactured there. Convair used the airport for test and delivery flights from 1935 to 1995.[10]

The Army Air Corps took over the field in 1942, improving it to handle the heavy bombers being manufactured in the region. Two camps were established at the airport during World War II and were named Camp Consair and Camp Sahara.[11] This transformation, including an 8,750 ft (2,670 m) runway, made the airport "jet-ready' long before jet airliners came into service.[12] The May 1952 C&GS chart shows 8700-ft runway 9 and 4500-ft runway 13.

Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) established its headquarters in San Diego and started service at Lindbergh Field in 1949. The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 42 departures per day: 14 American, 13 United, 6 Western, 6 Bonanza, and 3 PSA (5 PSA on Friday and Sunday). American had a nonstop flight to Dallas and one to El Paso; aside from that, nonstop flights did not reach beyond California and Arizona. Nonstop flights to Chicago started in 1962 and to New York in 1967.

The first scheduled jet flights at Lindbergh Field were in 1960: American Airlines Boeing 720s to Phoenix and United Airlines 720s to San Francisco.

The original terminal was on the north side of the airport and was used until the 1960s; the current Terminal 1 opened on the south side of the airport on March 5, 1967. Terminal 2 opened on July 11, 1979. These terminals were designed by Paderewski Dean & Associates.[13] A third terminal, dubbed the Commuter Terminal, opened July 23, 1996. Terminal 2 was expanded by 300,000 square feet (27,871 m2) in 1998, and opened on January 7, 1998. The expanded Terminal 2 and the Commuter Terminal were designed by Gensler and SGPA Architecture and Planning.[14][15] As downtown San Diego developed, the airport's 3600-ft second runway was closed as its short length provided no operational benefits other than to support the smallest of aircraft.

The airport was originally built and operated by the City of San Diego through the sale of municipal bonds to be repaid by airport users. In 1962 it was transferred to the San Diego Unified Port District by a state law. The airport is now operated by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority.

Expansion

San Diego International Airport's expansion and enhancement program for Terminal 2 was dubbed "The Green Build". Additions include 10 gates on the west side of Terminal 2 West, a two-level roadway separating arriving and departing passengers, additional security lanes, and an expanded concession area.[16] It was completed in August 13, 2013 and cost $900 million.[17] In January 2016 the airport opened a new consolidated rental car facility on the north side of the airport. The $316 million, 2 million square foot facility houses 14 rental car companies and is served by shuttle buses to and from the terminals.[18] A new three-story parking structure in front of Terminal 2 was launched in July 2016 and is expected to be completed by 2018.[17]

Build-out

On February 8, 2008, SANDAG and the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority discussed long-term future measures with three goals:

  1. optimize the airport,
  2. improve transit to the airport region-wide, and
  3. reduce traffic congestion near the airport.[19]

They created the Ad Hoc Airport Regional Policy Committee, chaired by then-San Diego Mayor Jerry Sanders.[20] Destination Lindbergh was a year-long, comprehensive analysis that considered ground transportation, an intermodal transit center (ITC), passenger terminals, a consolidated rental car facility (CONRAC), airfield/airspace, environment, financial feasibility and regional development issues to ultimately produce a Draft Concept for the long-term development of Lindbergh Field. On March 23, 2009 the Airport Authority Board accepted the Destination Lindbergh Draft Concept for public distribution and directed that an invitation be sent to all stakeholders for future planning, and that the Concept establish benchmarks for operations, social and economic benefits, and transit ridership.[21]

The plan outlines three basic models of future development: north-centric (bordering Pacific Highway and Interstate 5), south-centric (where it is currently) and a hybrid version, with terminals on the south side, passenger processing, rental cars and parking on the north side, and an automated people mover connecting the two underneath the runway. The north-centric concept is hampered by the fact that the taxiway on the north side of the runway does not extend for the full runway length. For this plan to be developed, land would need to be acquired from the Marine Corps Recruit Depot to build the taxiway. Without this taxiway, all aircraft would have to land, exit the runway to the south, then cross the runway to get to the gates on the north side. This is the same reason that the Terminal (now Terminal 1) was constructed on the South side of the airfield in 1967.

Plans also outline dedicated I-5 on and off-ramps, and an 'intermodal transit hub' including a Coaster/Amtrak station, a stop for the San Diego Trolley system, and eventually a center for the southern terminus of the California High-Speed Rail line.[19] The approximate target date for completion of the project is 2035.[22] In January 2013, mayor Bob Filner stated that he had a plan to fast track efforts to make the plans a reality for San Diego. However, the airport is an independent agency and its planning is not controlled by the city.[23]

Relocation proposals

California State Assembly Bill AB 93[24] created the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority in 2001. The SDCRAA projects that SAN will be constrained due to congestion between 2015–2022.[25] In June 2006, SDCRAA board members selected Marine Corps Air Station Miramar as its preferred site for a replacement airport, despite military objections. On November 7, 2006, San Diego County residents defeated an advisory relocation which included a joint use proposal measure.[26][27]

Multiple studies have been conducted on where to place an airport dating back to 1923. The first study developed the site location plan for Lindbergh field. Eighteen studies were conducted by private groups, most in the early days by those who were opposed to Lindbergh being built instead of on land set aside at what is now Montgomery Field. One was a revisiting of a study done in the 1980s by the City in 1994 when NAS Miramar closed as a naval air station and was then immediately transferred to the Marine Corps as a marine corps air station, MCAS Miramar. Another was by the City of San Diego in 1984 and another that started in 1996 and sat dormant with SANDAG until the Airport Authority was formed. This study is the first study ever done to look for a new site by an agency that actually had jurisdiction over the issue, and the first non-site specific comprehensive study of the entire region.

Three professors from UCSD, Fred Spiess, PhD, former director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Walter Munk, PhD, Secretary of the Navy/Chief of Naval Operations Chair for Scripps Institute of Oceanography and Frieder Seible, PhD, former dean of the Jacobs School of Engineering, proposed building a floating airport in deep water west of the end of Interstate 8 in Ocean Beach. Their plan would use Lindbergh Field terminals and parking facilities for passenger ticketing and security then whisk them by tram via Interstate 8 and an 'Archimedes bridge' to the floating airport, a trip of perhaps 15 minutes at 60 mph. Several groups have approached the Airport Board for sponsorship to apply for federal funds to develop the plan, but the proposal has never been given serious consideration. Now, the advent of 3D concrete printing and special polymerized, fiber-reinforced concrete mixes—an efficient method of construction—may make this proposal less expensive than building a new airport on land.[28][29]

In 2013, graduate business students at California State University San Marcos (CSUSM) Fully Employed MBA (FEMBA) program released several studies around a new proposed international airport in San Diego County. The first group of studies are known as San Diego Airport Exploratory Study 1.0.[30] Qualcomm sponsored the CSUSM airport exploratory studies.[31] The research project examined several topics: Demand Projections,[32] Economic Implications,[33] Infrastructure, Traffic & Transportation,[34] Political Implications[35] and Potential Demographic Changes.[36] The study discussed the political implications of developing a new international airport at three different locations: Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, Campo/Boulevard and Marine Corp Base Camp Pendleton. The CSUSM airport studies build upon the Ricondo & Associates Consulting Group 2006 report which evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of building an airport at each of these sites.[35] The San Diego Airpott Exploratory Study 1.0 determined the only feasible location would be on the southern edge of Camp Pendleton [32] at the existing Munn Field air strip. The location is on approximately 5000 acres, comprising 4% of the total land at Camp Pendleton.

In 2014 and 2015, Qualcomm sponsored further studies known as San Diego Airport Exploratory Study 2.0 [37] and San Diego Airport Exploratory Study 2.1.[38] The studies have generated media attention in local newspapers,[39] KPBS radio [40][41] and news stations such as KUSI Channel 9.[42][43][44] On December 9, 2015, students presented the San Diego Airport Exploratory Study 2.1 report at California State University San Marcos. Qualcomm founder Irwin Jacobs[44] and real estate investor Malin Burnham were among those in attendance at the presentation.

Airport facilities

Terminal facilities

The airport has nearly completed a substantial expansion of concessions. 73 new shops and food and beverage locations have opened throughout the terminals.[45] Three airline lounges are located in the airport in Terminal 2: Delta SkyClub, United Club, and a joint Airspace Lounge/American Airlines Admirals Club.[46]

Rental car facilities

Until 2015, major rental cars companies operated out of ground-level facilities across Harbor Drive from the airport, with each company operating its own shuttle. Other companies were located on private property near the airport. In January 2016 the airport opened a consolidated rental car facility on the north side of the airport, withhousing 14 rental car agencies with capacity for 19. An on-airport shuttle bus service transports passengers to and from the airport. The same shuttle bus also serves passengers from off-site rental car companies, and is intended to carry passengers from a nearby trolley stop as well.[47]

Terminals

Airport's Control Tower.
Terminal 1 of the Airport.

San Diego International Airport has two terminals:

Terminal 1
  • Terminal 1 has two parts: East and West, and has 19 gates, numbered 1A and 1–18.
Terminal 2
  • Terminal 2 has two parts: East and West, and has 32 gates, numbered 20–51.
  • All international arrivals at San Diego International Airport are handled in Terminal 2 East at gates 20, 21 and 22, including the arrivals of Terminal 1 tenant Alaska Airlines flights from Mexico.
Commuter Terminal (former)
  • The Commuter Terminal had four gates, numbered 1–4. The last flight to use the Commuter Terminal was American Eagle flight #2883, which departed on the evening of June 3, 2015. The last flight of the night from LAX (which would in turn be the first flight on June 4, 2015) docked at Terminal 1. Today, the Commuter Terminal houses the administrative offices of the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority.[48]

The airport is home to the largest airport USO center in the world.[49]

The airport promotes education about its history,[50] and sponsors an "airport explorers" program.[51]

There are several well-known pieces of art on display at the airport.[52] Inside Terminal 2 is a recreation of The Spirit of St. Louis. A popular piece with tourists is At The Gate which depicts comical characters patiently waiting for their planes.[53] Terminal 2 also features "The Spirit of Silence,” a meditation room designed by public artist Norie Sato.[54]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsTerminal
Air Canada Express Vancouver (begins December 15, 2016) 2
Air Canada Rouge Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver 2
Alaska Airlines Boston, Honolulu, Kahului, Kailua–Kona, Lihue, Newark (begins November 21, 2016),[1] Orlando, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Salt Lake City, San José del Cabo, Seattle/Tacoma 1
Alaska Airlines
operated by Horizon Air 		Monterey, Santa Rosa
Seasonal: Fresno, Mammoth Lakes 		1
Alaska Airlines
operated by SkyWest Airlines 		Boise, Fresno, Salt Lake City, Sacramento (begins March 16, 2017),[55] San Jose (CA)
Seasonal: Hayden/Steamboat Springs (begins December 17, 2016)[56] 		1
Allegiant Air Bellingham, El Paso, Provo, Stockton 2
American Airlines Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami, New York–JFK, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor 2
American Eagle Los Angeles 2
British Airways London–Heathrow 2
Condor Seasonal: Frankfurt (begins May 1, 2017)[57] 2
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma
Seasonal: San José del Cabo 		2
Delta Connection Las Vegas (begins December 17, 2016),[58] Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma 2
Edelweiss Air Seasonal: Zürich (begins June 9, 2017)[59] 2
Frontier Airlines Denver, Orlando (begins October 30, 2016)[60] 1
Hawaiian Airlines Honolulu 2
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Narita 2
JetBlue Airways Boston, Fort Lauderdale, New York–JFK 2
Southwest Airlines Albuquerque, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Chicago–Midway, Dallas–Love, Denver, Houston–Hobby, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Oakland, Orlando, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), Seattle/Tacoma, St. Louis, Tucson 1
Spirit Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Las Vegas, San José del Cabo 2
Sun Country Airlines Minneapolis/St. Paul 2
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, San Francisco, Washington–Dulles 2
United Express Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco 2
Virgin America San Francisco 2
WestJet Calgary
Seasonal: Vancouver		 2

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
DHL Express
operated by Atlas Air 		Cincinnati, Phoenix–Sky Harbor
FedEx Express Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Memphis, Oakland, Ontario
UPS Airlines Honolulu, Louisville

General aviation

Landmark Aviation is the fixed-base operator (FBO) at San Diego International Airport. Landmark services all aircraft ranging from the single-engine Cessna aircraft to the four-engine Boeing 747. Generally, it service s corporate traffic to the airport. The FBO ramp is located at the northeast end of the airfield. Landmark Aviation used to be known as Jimsair Aviation Services. Jimsair was the FBO at the airport for 55 years, until July 2008, when it was purchased by Landmark Aviation.

Statistics

American Airlines MD-80 and Virgin America A320 at Terminal 2.
British Airways Boeing 777 landing at the airport.
Spirit of St. Louis inside the airport.

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from SAN (August 2015 – July 2016)[61]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 San Francisco, California 821,000 Southwest, United, Virgin America
2 Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Arizona 620,000 American, Southwest, US Airways
3 Denver, Colorado 592,000 Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
4 Seattle/Tacoma, Washington 536,000 Alaska, Delta, Southwest
5 Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 532,000 American, Spirit
6 Las Vegas, Nevada 487,000 Southwest, Spirit
7 Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 466,000 American, Spirit, United
8 Atlanta, Georgia 414,000 Delta, Southwest
9 Oakland, California 390,000 Southwest
10 San José, California 363,000 Alaska, Southwest
Busiest international routes from SAN (2014)[62]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 San José del Cabo, Mexico 230,728 Alaska, Spirit
2 London (Heathrow), United Kingdom 167,614 British Airways
3 Tokyo (Narita), Japan 108,455 Japan Airlines
4 Toronto (Pearson), Canada 74,719 Air Canada Rouge
5 Calgary, Canada 63,988 WestJet
6 Mexico City, Mexico 42,681 Volaris

Airline market share

Airline market share (May '15 – April '16)[63]
Rank Carrier Enplanements Share
1 Southwest 7,700,000 39%
2 American 2,527,000 13%
3 United 2,334,000 12%
4 Delta 2,089,000 11%
5 Alaska 1,544,000 8%

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic (enplaned + deplaned) at SAN, 1949 through 2014[64]
Year Passengers Year Passengers Year Passengers Year Passengers
1949 139,327 1969 3,320,576 1989 11,111,080 2009 16,974,172
1950 193,373 1970 3,341,391 1990 10,937,026 2010 16,889,622
1951 321,189 1971 3,464,174 1991 11,185,920 2011 16,891,690
1952 390,427 1972 3,915,395 1992 11,759,091 2012 17,250,265
1953 402,674 1973 4,274,286 1993 11,817,706 2013 17,710,241
1954 426,600 1974 4,410,972 1994 12,681,985 2014 18,758,751
1955 496,641 1975 4,490,668 1995 12,908,395 2015 20,081,258
1956 582,120 1976 4,912,368 1996 13,461,361
1957 682,609 1977 5,447,648 1997 13,900,712
1958 698,543 1978 6,185,583 1998 14,340,447
1959 786,798 1979 6,541,820 1999 14,971,261
1960 878,669 1980 5,213,356 2000 15,746,445
1961 883,288 1981 5,022,152 2001 14,942,061
1962 951,655 1982 5,630,343 2002 14,731,518
1963 1,152,065 1983 6,547,439 2003 15,304,975
1964 1,319,855 1984 7,173,272 2004 16,517,153
1965 1,632,833 1985 7,937,806 2005 17,569,355
1966 2,048,034 1986 9,084,438 2006 17,673,483
1967 2,486,213 1987 9,801,030 2007 18,326,734
1968 2,958,053 1988 10,748,729 2008 18,125,633

Flight operations

Runway configuration and landing

The airport consists of a single runway designated runway 9/27 for its magnetic compass headings of 094 and 274 degrees orienting it directly east and west in relation to magnetic north. The runway is an asphalt and concrete design with dimensions of 9,400 feet (2,900 m) x 200 feet (61 m). A displaced threshold exists in both directions. For runway 27 the first 1,810 feet (550 m) are displaced and for runway 9 the first 700 feet (210 m) are displaced.

Typical prevailing winds in San Diego are from the west and most takeoffs and landings at the airport are from east to west utilizing runway 27.

The approach from the east is steeper than most because the terrain drops from 266 ft (81 m) to sea level in less than one nautical mile. The runway is west of a hill with several obstructions, including Interstate 5 and trees in Balboa Park. Contrary to local lore, the parking structure off the end of the runway was built in the 1980s long after previous obstructions were built up east of I-5 and does not affect the approach.

Landing at the airport from the east offers closeup views of skyscrapers, Petco Park (home of the San Diego Padres), the San Diego Bay, and the San Diego–Coronado Bridge from the left side of the aircraft. On the right, Balboa Park, site of the 1915–1916 Panama-California Exposition, can be seen.

Reverse operations

Runway 27 (landing east to west), is a localizer-only approach and is unusable for landing when visibility drops below about 2 miles. This forces arriving aircraft to use Runway 9 (landing west to east). Because of the terrain east of the airport, weight limits are imposed on many departing aircraft depending on their required takeoff weights. As a result, some aircraft must take off to the west. While safe, these "head to head" operations slow the flow of aircraft for sequencing and create delays in the air and on the ground.

Terrain east and west of the airport greatly impacts the available runway length. Runway 27 (heading west) has a climb gradient of 353 ft/nmi (58.1 m/km) feet per nautical mile. Taking off to the east requires a 610 ft/nmi (100 m/km) climb rate.

San Diego International Airport does not have standard 1,000 ft (300 m) runway safety areas at the end of each runway. An engineered materials arrestor system (EMAS) has been installed at the west end of the runway to halt any aircraft overruns. The east end of the runway does not have such a system as its use would reduce the runway length by at least 400 ft (120 m), further impacting the runway's capability for departures to the west. Instead, the use of declared distances reduces the mathematical length of Runway 9 (west to east operations) by declaring that the easternmost end of Runway 9 is 1,121 feet shorter than it actually is (a net length of 8,280-feet).[65]

Noise curfew

FedEx McDonnell Douglas DC-10 coming into San Diego International

SAN is in a populated area. To appease the concerns of the airport's neighbors regarding noise and possible ensuing lawsuits, a curfew was put in place in 1979. Departures are allowed between 6:30 a.m. and 11:30 p.m. Departures outside those hours are subject to a large fine. Arrivals are permitted 24 hours per day.[66] While several flights have scheduled departure times before 6:30 a.m., these times are pushback times; the first takeoff roll is at 6:30 a.m.

Current status

As of September, 2016, San Diego International Airport is served by 17 passenger airlines and five cargo airlines which fly nonstop to 57 destinations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, and Japan. Several carriers including Alaska, Southwest, and Spirit have increased their flights to and from San Diego. Flights between SAN and Los Cabos (Mexico), Dallas, Portland, Boston, Washington D.C./Baltimore, Burbank, and Tokyo were added in 2014; however, Burbank has since been discontinued.[67][68][69]

British Airways resumed nonstop service to London Heathrow Airport on June 1, 2011 with a Boeing 777-200ER. The airline had dropped this route in October 2003, after the worldwide downturn in aviation after the September 11 attacks in 2001. The airline had been flying nonstop to London Heathrow (previously London Gatwick on its 777-200s); however, the route had originally been flown from Gatwick via Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport on a Boeing 747-400. After the September 11 attacks, the route was reduced to six days a week, then five, and then cancelled. In June 2010 the European Union approved the new Atlantic Joint Business Agreement between British Airways, American Airlines, and Iberia Airlines, which dropped many of the provisions of the Bermuda II treaty and its restrictions on airlines flying to Heathrow. Oneworld members now can earn mileage on any American Airlines, British Airways, or Japan Airlines flight.[70] On March 27, 2016, British Airways changed the aircraft on this flight from the 3-class 777-200 to the 4-class 777-300, increasing passenger and cargo capacity, and to provide first class seats. But in November 2015 British Airways announced that it would fly its Boeing 747-400 on the London-San Diego route. The last time it flew the 747-400 into this city was in 2003 via Phoenix Sky Harbor (which then continued onto Gatwick, not Heathrow).[71]

Japan Airlines began service to Tokyo-Narita on December 2, 2012, using the Boeing 787 aircraft. This is the airport's first nonstop flight to Asia. The flights used the 787 until its grounding when service was temporarily replaced with a 777-200ER. The last 777 flight was May 31, 2013. On June 1, 2013, 787 service resumed, this time daily. This route is covered under the Pacific Joint Business Agreement between Oneworld partners Japan Airlines and American Airlines.[72][73]

On Thursday, June 9, 2016, Condor Flugdienst Airlines announced thrice-weekly seasonal service from Frankfurt am Main International Airport to San Diego, with Monday flights beginning May 1, 2017, through October 2, 2017, Thursday flights beginning May 4, 2017, through October 5, 2017, and Saturday flights beginning July 8, 2017, through September 2, 2017. Flights will be on a Boeing 767-300 aircraft.[74] Similarly, on June 21, 2016, Edelweiss Air announced twice-weekly seasonal service from Zürich Airport, beginning Monday, June 9, 2017, with the second flight of the week on Fridays. Flights will be on an Airbus A340-300 aircraft.[75]

The busiest route by flight count is to Los Angeles with 25 daily round trips on United Express, American Eagle, and Delta Connection. The busiest route by available seats per day is to San Francisco with just over 2,816 seats on 21 daily round trips on United Airlines, Southwest Airlines, and Virgin America.

In January 2008, San Diego International Airport entered the blogosphere with the launch of the first employee blog – the Ambassablog[76] – for a major U.S. airport. Written by front-line employees, the blog features regular posts on airport activities, events, and initiatives; reader comments; and several multimedia and interactive features. It has been presented as a case study in employee blogging to several public agencies at the federal, state, and local levels.

In February 2008, San Diego International Airport was one of the first major airports in the U.S. to adopt a formal sustainability policy, which expresses the airport's commitment to a four-layer approach to sustainability known as EONS. As promulgated by Airports Council International – North America, EONS represents an integrated "quadruple bottom line" of (E)conomic viability, (O)perational excellence, (N)atural resource conservation and preservation and (S)ocial responsibility.

In May 2008, California Attorney General Jerry Brown announced an agreement with San Diego International Airport on reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the airport's proposed master plan improvements. In announcing the agreement, the Attorney General's office said "San Diego airport will play a key leadership role in helping California meet its aggressive greenhouse gas reduction targets."

There are three public transportation options:

San Diego International Airport is testing a new system of airfield lights called Runway Status Lights (RWSL) for the FAA. It completed the rehabilitation of the north taxiway in 2010. A project that included replacing its airfield lighting and signage with energy efficient LED lights where possible (LEDs are only permissible for use on Taxiway Lights, Obstruction Lights, Signage, and Medium Intensity Runway Lights at this time – the runway at San Diego uses High Intensity Runway Lights) and is constructing 10 new gates for Terminal 2 West.

Because of the airport's close proximity to downtown San Diego, FAA regulations do not allow any building within a 1.5 mile radius of the runway to be taller than 500 feet.

USCG operations

See also: Coast Guard Air Station San Diego

The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) air station is in the southeast corner of the airfield. The installation originally supported fixed-wing seaplane operations, with seaplane ramps into the bay, and land-based fixed-wing aircraft and rotary-wing operations.

The air station is separated from the rest of the airfield, so USCG fixed-wing aircraft must cross North Harbor Drive, a busy, 6-lane city street, to reach the runway. Streetlight activation opens the locked gates to the airfield and the air station, and also stops traffic while aircraft are crossing the street. This was a common occurrence during the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, when CGAS San Diego had both HH-3F Pelican and HH-60J Jayhawk helicopters and HU-25 Guardian jets assigned. Today, this is an extremely rare occurrence, as CGAS San Diego's HU-25As have been reassigned and there are no fixed-wing aircraft currently assigned to the station.

Accidents and incidents

  • On June 2, 1942, the first British Consolidated LB-30 Liberator II, AL503, on its acceptance flight for delivery from the Consolidated Aircraft Company plant at San Diego, California, crashed into San Diego Bay[77] when the flight controls froze, killing all five civilian crew, CAC Chief Test Pilot William Wheatley, co-pilot Alan Austen, flight engineer Bruce Kilpatrick Craig, and two chief mechanics, Lewis McCannon and William Reiser. Craig, who had been commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in the U.S. Army Reserve in 1935 following Infantry ROTC training at the Georgia Institute of Technology where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering, had applied for a commission in the Army Air Corps before his death. This was granted posthumously, with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant, and on August 25, 1941, the airfield in his hometown of Selma, Alabama was renamed Craig Field, later Craig Air Force Base.[78] Investigation into the cause of the accident caused a two-month delay in deliveries, so the RAF did not begin receiving Liberator IIs until August 1941.
  • On May 10, 1943, the first Consolidated XB-32 Dominator, 41–141, crashed on take-off at Lindbergh Field, probably from flap failure. Although the bomber did not burn when it piled up at end of runway, Consolidated's senior test pilot Dick McMakin was killed. Six others on board were injured.[79] This was one of only two twin-finned B-32s (41–142 was the other) – all subsequent had a PB4Y-style single tail.
  • On November 22, 1944, Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer, BuNo 59544, on a pre-delivery test flight by company crew out of Lindbergh Field, took off at 1223 hrs., lost its port outer wing on climb-out, and crashed one quarter-mile further on in a ravine in an undeveloped area of Loma Portal near the Navy Training Center, less than two miles (3 km) from point of lift-off. All crew were killed, including pilot Marvin R. Weller, co-pilot Conrad C. Cappe, flight engineers Frank D. Sands and Clifford P. Bengston, radio operator Robert B. Skala, and Consolidated Vultee field operations employee Ray Estes. A wing panel came down on home at 3121 Kingsley Street in Loma Portal. Cause was found to be 98 missing bolts; the wing was only attached with four spar bolts. Four employees who either were responsible for installation, or who had been inspectors who signed off on the undone work, were fired two days later. A San Diego coroner's jury found Consolidated Vultee guilty of "gross negligence" by vote of 11–1 on January 5, 1945, and the Bureau of Aeronautics reduced its contract by one at a cost to firm of $155,000. Consolidated Vultee paid out $130,484 to the families of the six dead crew.[80]
  • On April 5, 1945, the prototype Ryan XFR-1 Fireball, BuNo 48234, piloted by Ryan test pilot Dean Lake, on a test flight over Lindbergh Field, lost skin between the front and rear spars of the starboard wing, interrupting airflow over the wing and causing it to disintegrate. The pilot bailed out and the airframe broke up. Wreckage struck brand new Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer, BuNo 59836, just accepted by the Navy and preparing to depart for the modification center at Litchfield Park, Arizona. The bomber burns and the Navy crew of pilot Lt. D. W. Rietz, Lt. J. E. Creed, and Aviation Machinists Mates G. R. Brown and J. H. Randall, evacuated the burning PB4Y, with only Randall suffering injuries of first, second, and third degree burns and minor lacerations.[81]
  • On April 30, 1945, just before midnight of this date, first production Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer, BuNo 59359, was being prepared on the ramp at Lindbergh Field for a flight to NAS Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota. A mechanic attempted to remove the port battery solenoid, located 14 inches below the cockpit floor, but did so without disconnecting the battery. Ratchet wrench accidentally punctured a hydraulic line three inches above the battery and fluid ignited, setting entire aircraft alight. The mechanic suffered severe burns. Only the number four (starboard outer) engine was deemed salvageable. Cause was an unqualified mechanic attempting a task that only a qualified electrician should undertake.[82]
  • On September 25, 1978, a Boeing 727-200 operating flight PSA Flight 182 on the Sacramento-Los Angeles-San Diego Route collided in mid-air with a Cessna 172 while attempting to land at San Diego Airport. The two aircraft collided over San Diego's North Park, killing all 135 people on Flight 182 and the two people in the Cessna, along with 7 people on the ground.

Recognition and awards

  • Airports Council International (ACI) ranked San Diego International Airport the No. 4 best airport in North America in 2007. ACI also ranked SAN the No. 2 best airport in the world with 15–25 million passengers in 2007.[83] ACI also ranked SAN the No. 3 best airport in the world with 15–25 million passengers in 2008.

California High-Speed Rail

California's Future High-Speed Rail System, which started construction in 2015, will have the southern terminus of the line at the airport.

Endangered species habitat

A portion of the southeast infield at San Diego International Airport is set aside as a nesting site for the endangered California Least Tern. The least tern nests on three ovals from March through September. The birds lay their eggs in the sand and gravel surface at the southwest end of the airfield. The San Diego Zoological Society monitors the birds from May through September. The terns nest on the airfield because they do not have to compete with beach goers and the airport fence keeps dogs and other animals out, while the airplane activity helps keep predatory hawks away from the nests. Approximately 135 nests were established there in 2007.[84]

See also

References

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External links

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