Third party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election

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United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016
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This article contains lists of official and potential third party and independent candidates associated with the 2016 United States presidential election.

"Third party" is a term commonly used in the United States in reference to political parties other than the two major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. An independent candidate is one who runs for office with no formal party affiliation.

Parties with ballot access in states holding 270 or more electoral votes are listed first in this article because 270 electoral votes represent a majority of the 538 electoral votes in the Electoral College. The number of electoral votes for which a party or independent candidate has secured ballot access may increase as those parties or candidates complete their petitions for ballot access, until September 2016 when the last petition deadlines occur.[1]

Ballot access to 270 or more electoral votes

Green Party

Further information: Green Party of the United States and Green Party presidential primaries, 2016

Ballot Access: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, West Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin (325 electoral votes)

Declared candidates

The national Green Party of the United States has recognized five candidates, and each of the following candidates has appeared on at least one state or territory's ballot.[2][3] Of the 402 delegates at stake, 202 are required in order to win the nomination.[4]

Candidate Most recent position Campaign Projected
delegates 		Delegations with plurality
Candidates formally recognized by GPUS

Jill Stein		 Lexington Town Meeting member
(2005–2011)
(Campaign • Website)
214.5 / 402
(53%) 		28
AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, HI, GA, IL, LGC, MA, MS, MD, ME, MN, MO, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OR, PA, RI, TN, TX, VA, WA, WI, YGC

William Kreml		 Distinguished Professor Emeritus,
University of South Carolina
Endorsed Jill Stein[5]
(Website)
17.5 / 402
(4.52%) 		1
SC
Other candidates

File:Sedinam Curry.png
Sedinam Curry		 People's National Convention organizer (Website)
13 / 402
(3.48%) 		None (as yet)

Darryl Cherney		 Earth First! organizer
(1980–present)
(Website)
7 / 402
(2.24%) 		None (as yet)

Kent Mesplay		 Inspector at the Air Pollution Control
District of San Diego County
(2001–2015)
(Website)
6 / 402
(1.74%) 		None (as yet)
Alternate ballot options
No preference/ Other/ Uncommitted N/A
10 / 402
(2.49%) 		None (as yet)

Previous

The following individual has been the focus of presidential speculation as an independent candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but such speculation has ostensibly ceased for a period of three months or longer.

Libertarian Party

Further information: Libertarian Party (United States) and Libertarian Party presidential primaries, 2016

Ballot Access: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. (370 electoral votes)[7]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Gary Johnson 		Governor of New Mexico, 1995–2003
Libertarian Party presidential nominee, 2012 		 New Mexico May 29, 2016[8] William Weld of New York

Declared candidates

The following other candidates were recognized by the Libertarian Party as candidates for the nomination at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention.[9]

Name Prior positions Campaign Primary
votes 		Announced candidacy[10] Notes

John McAfee 		Computer programmer and businessman
(Website) 		3,054 December 24, 2015[11] Before running as a Libertarian, McAfee had announced that he would run as the candidate of a newly created Cyber Party with Ken Rutkowski as his running mate.[12][13] On the ballot in Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon and California.

Austin Petersen 		Publisher of The Libertarian Republic
(Campaign • Website) 		2,865 September 3, 2015 (filed)[14] On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Missouri, Nebraska and California.

Rhett Smith 		Private security officer (Website) 1,531 July 29, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota North Carolina, Missouri, Oregon and California.

Marc Allan Feldman 		Physician, owner of Openivo, Inc
(website) 		1,109 January 7, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Missouri, Nebraska and California.
Jack Robinson, Jr. Businessman, inventor (Website) 729 September 8, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina and California.

Darryl W. Perry 		Owner and Managing Editor of Free Press Publications
(website) 		600 Did not file with the FEC as a protest, claiming that the agency lacks constitutional authority. On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon and California.
Derrick Michael Reid Political analyst, retired engineer (Website) 494 June 23, 2015 On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon and California.

Keenan Dunham 		(Website) 18 April 4, 2016 (filed) On the ballot in Oregon
File:SS Head Shot for Wiki.png
Shawna Joy Sterling 		Non-fee Pastoral Counselor File:Pastor Shawna Joy Sterling Libertarian for President Logo.png
(Website) 		1 June 11, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota

Joey Berry 		(website) - March 20, 2016 (filed) Not on any primary ballot

Brian Briggs 		(website) - April 18, 2016 (filed) Not on any primary ballot

Thomas Clements 		(website) - February 5, 2016 (filed) Not on any primary ballot
Malisia Garcia (website) - October 1, 2015 (filed) Not on any primary ballot
Kevin McCormick (Website) - March 4, 2016 (filed) Not on any primary ballot
Robert Milnes (Website) - April 30, 2016 (filed) Not on any primary ballot

Mike Shannon 		(Website) - April 12, 2016 (filed) Not on any primary ballot

Heidi Zeman 		(Website) - March 8, 2016 (filed) Not on any primary ballot

Other candidates

The following candidates were not recognized by the Libertarian Party as candidates for the nomination at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention.

Name Prior positions Campaign Primary
votes 		Announced candidacy Notes
John David Hale 1,108 September 1, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in North Carolina and California
(Constitutionally ineligible – under age 35)
Merry Susan Nehls 34 On the ballot in Oregon
Has not filed with the FEC.

Nathan Norman 		Entertainer
(Website) 		8 January 17, 2015[15] On the ballot in Oregon.
Has not filed with the FEC.

Vermin Supreme 		Performance artist and perennial candidate (Website) - March 1, 2016[16] Previously seeking the Democratic Party nomination. Not on any primary ballot

Withdrawn

Name Prior positions Campaign Primary
votes 		Announced candidacy Withdrew
Joy Waymire Founder and CEO of a non-profit organization (Website) 1,078 March 22, 2015 (filed) April 13, 2016

Steve Kerbel 		Businessman and entrepreneur, author
(website) 		1,029 June 8, 2015 (filed) March 16, 2016'[17]

Cecil Ince 		Owner of Ince Films, Libertarian activist File:Cecil Ince presidential campaign, 2016 logo.png
(website) 		562 April 14, 2015 March 17, 2016[18]

Donald Eugene Lowe 		Small business owner (Website) - April 17, 2016 (filed) May 5, 2016[19]
Bart Lower (Website) - April 2, 2014 (filed) March 2016

Robert David Steele 		Activist and author - June 16, 2015[20][21] January 5, 2016[21][22]

Declined

The following persons were the focus of presidential speculation as Libertarian candidates in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but did not enter the race.

Ballot access to fewer than 270, but more than 50 electoral votes

American Independent Party

Further information: American Independent Party

Ballot Access: California (55 electoral votes)[27]

Declared candidates

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Notes
Wiley Drake[28] Minister and radio host
American Independent Party vice-presidential nominee, 2008 		 California September 8, 2015 (filed)
Arthur Harris[28]  Maryland 15 December 2015 (filed)

James Hedges[28] 		Tax Assessor, Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania (2002-2007)
Prohibition Party presidential nominee, 2016
Prohibition Party presidential candidate, 2012 		 Pennsylvania July 2015
(Prohibition Party)
Tom Hoefling[28] Political activist
America's Party and Constitution Party presidential candidate, 2016
American Independent Party and America's Party presidential nominee, 2012 		 Iowa January 2016
J.R. Myers[28] Counselor, founder of the Alaska Constitution Party
Constitution Party presidential candidate, 2016 		 Alaska November 26, 2015 (filed)
Robert Ornelas[28] Doctor
American Independent Party vice-presidential nominee, 2012 		 California January 2016


Alan Spears[28]

Criminal defense trial attorney  California February 9, 2015 (filed) Won AIP primary

Constitution Party

Further information: Constitution Party (United States)

Ballot Access: Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Wisconsin, Wyoming (150 electoral votes)[29][30]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Darrell Castle 		Attorney
Constitution Party vice presidential nominee, 2008 		 Tennessee April 16, 2016[31][32] Scott N. Bradley of Utah

Previous candidates

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Notes
Scott Copeland[33] Ordained minister  Texas May 11, 2015 (filed) Won Constitution Party's primary in Idaho.[34]
John Diamond  Pennsylvania [33]
Don Grundmann Chairman of the Constitution Party of California  California March 14, 2016[35]
Tom Hoefling Political activist
America's Party and American Independent Party presidential candidate, 2016
American Independent Party and America's Party presidential nominee, 2012 		 Iowa February 17, 2016[36]
J.R. Myers[33] Counselor, founder of the Alaska Constitution Party
American Independent Party presidential candidate, 2016 		 Alaska November 26, 2015 (filed)

Withdrawn

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Withdrew

Joe Miller[37][38] 		Attorney, 2010 US Senate candidate  Alaska April 7, 2016 (first reported) April 12, 2016
Patrick Ockander  Texas November 26, 2015 (filed) March 1, 2016

Declined

The following individuals were the focus of presidential speculation as a Constitution Party candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but did not enter the race.

Peace and Freedom Party

Further information: Peace and Freedom Party

Ballot Access: California (55 electoral votes)[43][44]

Declared candidates

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Notes
Lynn Kahn[28] Doctor of clinical psychology
Reform Party presidential candidate, 2016 		 Maryland February 9, 2015 (filed)

Gloria La Riva 		Newspaper printer and activist
Party for Socialism and Liberation presidential nominee, 2008 and 2016 		 New Mexico October 2015[45] Won PFP primary
Monica Moorehead[28] Perennial candidate and activist
Workers World Party presidential nominee, 2016 		 New Jersey February 9, 2016 (filed)

Previous

The following candidate received speculation, which has ceased within the last three months.

Reform Party of the United States of America

Further information: Reform Party of the United States of America

Ballot Access: Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York (72 electoral votes)[47][48]

Declared candidates

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Notes
Ed Chlapowski Owner/manager at Opportunity Resolution  Texas [49]
Kenneth Cross[49] Semi-retired engineer and businessman
Reform Party vice-presidential nominee, 2012 		 Arkansas April 25, 2014 (filed)
Lynn Kahn[49] Doctor of clinical psychology
Peace and Freedom Party presidential candidate, 2016 		 Maryland February 9, 2015 (filed)

Previous

Ballot access to fewer than 50 electoral votes

American Party (South Carolina)

Ballot Access: South Carolina (9 Electoral Votes)

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Vice presidential nominee
Peter Skewes Professor,
Clemson University 		 South Carolina May 15, 2016[51]

American Delta Party

Ballot Access:Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah (44 Electoral Votes)

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Vice presidential nominee
Rocky De La Fuente Former Democratic presidential candidate, 2016
Democratic candidate for the United States Senate from Florida, 2016 		 Florida ? Michael Steinberg

America's Party

Further information: America's Party (political party)

Ballot Access: Florida (29 electoral votes)

Declared candidate

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Vice presidential nominee
Tom Hoefling Political activist
American Independent Party and Constitution Party
presidential candidate, 2016
American Independent Party and America's Party
presidential nominee, 2012 		 Iowa January 2016[52]

American Freedom Party

Further information: American Freedom Party

Ballot Access: Mississippi (6 electoral votes)[53]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Vacant Tom Bowie of Maryland[54]

Former nominees

  • Kenn Gividen, direct marketer and political activist from Indiana, was nominated in March 2015[55] and withdrew in July 2015.[56]
  • Bob Whitaker, white supremacist political activist from South Carolina. Originally the running mate to Kenn Gividen, he became the presidential candidate when Gividen withdrew in July 2015.[56] Whitaker himself withdrew in April 2016.[57]

Better for America

Further information: Better for America

Ballot Access: New Mexico (5 electoral votes)[58]

Constitution Party (Idaho)

Further information: Constitution Party of Idaho

Ballot Access: Idaho (4 electoral votes)[citation needed]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Scott Copeland Ordained Minister  Texas June 1, 2016[59] J.R. Myers

Independent American Party

Further information: Independent American Party

Ballot Access: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah (18 electoral votes)[53]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Farley Anderson Author  Utah November 7, 2015[60]

Nutrition Party

Ballot Access: Colorado (9 electoral votes)[61]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Rod Silva Restaurateur  New Jersey October 20, 2015[62]

Socialist Workers Party

Further information: Socialist Workers Party (United States)

Ballot Access: Minnesota, New Jersey, Washington, (36 electoral votes)

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Alyson Kennedy Coal miner and political activist  Indiana February 22, 2016[63] Osborne Hart

Party for Socialism and Liberation

Further information: Party for Socialism and Liberation

Ballot Access: Florida, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington, (49 electoral votes)[64][65]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Gloria La Riva 		Newspaper printer and activist
Peace and Freedom Party presidential candidate, 2016
Party for Socialism and Liberation presidential nominee, 2008 		 New Mexico July 2015[66] Eugene Puryear of Washington, D.C.[66]

Prohibition Party

Further information: Prohibition Party

Ballot Access: Arkansas, Colorado, and Mississippi (21 electoral votes)[67]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Nominated Vice presidential nominee

James Hedges 		Tax Assessor, Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania (2002-2007)
American Independent Party presidential candidate, 2016
Prohibition Party presidential candidate, 2012 		 Pennsylvania July 2015[68] July 31, 2015[68] Bill Bayes of Mississippi

Veterans Party of America

Further information: Veterans Party of America

Ballot Access: Mississippi (6 electoral votes)[69]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

File:Chris Keniston.jpg
Chris Keniston

Reliability Engineer  Texas
Deacon Taylor of Florida

No ballot access

American Solidarity Party

Further information: American Solidarity Party

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
File:Mike Maturen.jpg
Mike Maturen 		Sales Professional  Michigan July 9, 2016 Juan Muñoz

Socialist Equality Party

Further information: Socialist Equality Party (United States)

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Jerry White 		Labor editor,
World Socialist Web Site
Socialist Equality Party presidential
nominee, 1996, 2008, and 2012 		 Michigan April 22, 2016[71] Niles Niemuth of Wisconsin
(Constitutionally ineligible – under age 35)[72]

Socialist Party USA

Further information: Socialist Party USA

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Mimi Soltysik 		Former National Co-Chair,
Socialist Party USA 		 California October 17, 2015[73] Angela Walker of Wisconsin

Workers World Party

Further information: Workers World Party

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Monica Moorehead Perennial candidate and activist  New Jersey November 8, 2015[74] Lamont Lilly[74]

Independent candidates

Declared candidates

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Notes
Dan Bilzerian Professional poker player  California June 2015[75]

Ken Fields 		Entrepreneur, environmental advocate  New York November 2015[76][77]
File:Zoltan Istvan BIO PIC.jpg
Zoltan Istvan 		Futurist, writer, transhumanist philosopher  California October 2014[78][79][80] Founder of the proposed Transhumanist Party

Terry Jones 		Pastor for Dove World Outreach Center  Florida July 2013[81][82]

Merlin Miller 		Filmmaker  Tennessee July 2015[83]
Joe Schriner Painter  Ohio October 2014[84]
Guy Schwartz Musician  Texas

Ron White 		Comedian and actor November 2015[86]
File:Candidate John Fitzgerald.png
John Fitzgerald Johnson 		Activist Veteran Executive  Ohio September 25, 2015 [87][88]

Robby Wells

Former Savannah State University head football coach  North Carolina December 2012 (original filing)[89]

March 2016[90]

Previous

The following individuals have been the focus of presidential speculation as an independent candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but such speculation has ostensibly ceased for a period of three months or longer.

Withdrew

Declined

Individuals listed in this section have been the focus of media speculation as being possible 2016 presidential candidates but have unequivocally ruled out an independent presidential bid in 2016.

See also

References

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External links
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