2024 United Kingdom general election
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 650 seats in the House of Commons 326[a] seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Registered | 48,208,507 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 28,924,725 59.8% ( 8.4 pp)[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A map presenting the results of the election, by party of the MP elected from each constituency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Composition of the House of Commons after the election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The 2024 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 4 July 2024, to elect 650 members of Parliament to the House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The opposition Labour Party, led by Keir Starmer, defeated the governing Conservative Party, led by Rishi Sunak, in a landslide victory.
The election was the first general election victory for Labour since 2005, and ended the Conservatives' fourteen-year tenure as the primary governing party. Labour achieved a 174-seat simple majority, and a total of 411 seats.[b] The party's vote share was 33.7%, the lowest of any majority party on record, making this the least proportional general election in British history according to the Gallagher index.[3] Labour won 211 more seats than the previous general election in 2019, but half a million fewer total votes. The party became the largest in England for the first time since 2005, in Scotland for the first time since 2010, and retained its status as the largest party in Wales.[4] It lost seven seats: five to independent candidates in seats with sizeable Muslim populations, largely attributed to its stance on the Israel–Hamas war; one to the Green Party of England and Wales; and one to the Conservatives. The Conservative Party was reduced to 121 seats on a vote share of 23.7%, the worst result in its history. It lost 251 seats in total, including those of twelve Cabinet ministers and South West Norfolk, the seat of the former prime minister Liz Truss.[5] It also lost all its seats in Wales.[6] The combined Labour and Conservative vote share was 57.4%, the lowest since the 1918 general election.
Smaller parties took a record 42.6% of the vote in the election: the Liberal Democrats, led by Ed Davey, made the most significant gains, of seventy-two seats, with a total of 3.5 million votes; like Labour, this represented a decline in their vote from 2019. It was the party's best-ever result and made it the third-largest party in the Commons, a status it had previously held but lost at the 2015 general election.[7] Reform UK achieved the third-highest vote share at 14.3%, with over four million votes, which won them five seats, and the Green Party of England and Wales won four seats; both parties achieved their best parliamentary results in history. In Wales Plaid Cymru won four seats. In Scotland the Scottish National Party was reduced from forty-eight seats to nine and lost its status as the third-largest party in the Commons.[8] In Northern Ireland, which has a distinct set of political parties,[9] Sinn Féin retained its seven seats and therefore became the largest party; this was the first election in which an Irish nationalist party won the most seats in Northern Ireland. The Democratic Unionist Party won five seats, a reduction from eight at the 2019 general election. The Social Democratic and Labour Party won two seats, and the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland, the Ulster Unionist Party and Traditional Unionist Voice won one seat each, and the independent unionist Alex Easton won North Down. Many of the record number of newly-elected independent MPs, including the former leader of the Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn, formed the Independent Alliance group in parliament.
Labour entered the election with a large lead over the Conservatives in opinion polls, and the potential scale of the party's victory was a topic of discussion during the campaign period.[10][11] The economy, healthcare, education, infrastructure development, environment, housing, energy, immigration, and standards in public office were main campaign topics. There was relatively little discussion of Brexit, which was a major issue during the 2019 general election. This general election was the first in which photographic identification was required to vote in person in Great Britain,[g] the first fought using the new constituency boundaries implemented following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, and the first called under the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022.[12] This was also the first election to be held under the reign of King Charles III.[13]
Background
[edit]Political background of the Conservatives before the election
[edit] 2024 United Kingdom general election (4 July) | |
---|---|
Parties | |
Campaign | |
Overview by country | |
Outcome | |
Related | |
| |
The Conservative Party under Boris Johnson won a large majority at the 2019 general election and the new government passed the Brexit withdrawal agreement.[14][15] The COVID-19 pandemic saw the government institute public-health restrictions, including limitations on social interaction, that Johnson and some of his staff were later found to have broken. The resulting political scandal (Partygate), one of many in a string of controversies that characterised Johnson's premiership, damaged his personal reputation.[16][17] The situation escalated with the Chris Pincher scandal in July 2022, leading to Johnson's resignation.[18] He resigned as an MP the following year,[19] after an investigation unanimously found that he had lied to Parliament.[20]
Liz Truss won the resultant leadership election and succeeded Johnson in September.[21][22] Truss announced large-scale tax cuts and borrowing in a mini-budget on 23 September, which was widely criticised and – after it rapidly led to financial instability – largely reversed.[23] She resigned in October, making her the shortest-serving prime minister in British history.[24] Rishi Sunak won the resultant leadership election unopposed to succeed Truss in October.[25]
During his premiership, Sunak was credited with improving the economy and stabilising national politics following the premierships of his predecessors,[26] although many of his pledges and policy announcements ultimately went unfulfilled.[27][28] He did not avert further unpopularity for the Conservatives who, by the time of Sunak's election, had been in government for 12 years. Public opinion in favour of a change in government was reflected in the Conservatives' poor performance at the 2022, 2023 and 2024 local elections.[29]
Political background of other parties before the election
[edit]Keir Starmer won the Labour Party's 2020 leadership election, succeeding Jeremy Corbyn.[30] Under his leadership, Starmer repositioned the party away from the left and toward the political centre, and also emphasised the elimination of antisemitism within the party.[31][32] Starmer's leading his party rightward in order to improve its electability has been widely compared to Tony Blair's development of New Labour in the 1990s. The political turmoil from the Conservative scandals and government crises led to Labour having a significant lead in polling over the Conservatives, often by very wide margins, since late 2021, coinciding with the start of the Partygate scandal.[16][17] Labour made gains in local elections: in the 2023 local elections, Labour gained more than 500 councillors and 22 councils, becoming the largest party in local government for the first time since 2002.[33]
Ed Davey, who previously served in the Cameron–Clegg coalition, won the Liberal Democrat's 2020 leadership election, succeeding Jo Swinson, who lost her seat in the previous general election.[34] Davey prioritised defeating the Conservatives and ruled out working with them following the election.[35] The Liberal Democrats made gains in local elections: in the 2024 local elections, the Liberal Democrats finished second for the first time in a local election cycle since 2009.[36]
Like the Conservatives, the Scottish National Party (SNP) suffered political turmoil and saw a decrease in their popularity in opinion polling, with multiple party leaders and First Ministers (Nicola Sturgeon, Humza Yousaf and John Swinney) and the Operation Branchform police investigation. Sturgeon claimed occupational burnout was the reason for her resignation,[37] while Yousaf resigned amid a government crisis following his termination of a power-sharing agreement with the Scottish Greens.[38] When Swinney assumed the leadership after being elected unopposed to succeed Yousaf, the SNP had been in government for 17 years.[39]
Carla Denyer and Adrian Ramsay took over leadership of the Green Party of England and Wales from Siân Berry and Jonathan Bartley in 2021. Rhun ap Iorwerth took over leadership of Plaid Cymru. The Brexit Party rebranded as Reform UK, and was initially led by Richard Tice in the years preceding the election before Nigel Farage resumed leadership during the election campaign.[40] Edwin Poots took over as the Democratic Unionist Party leader in May 2021 but lasted only 20 days. He was replaced by Jeffrey Donaldson, who resigned in March 2024 after being arrested on charges relating to historical sex offences. He appeared in court on 3 July, the day before polling day, to face additional sex offence charges.[41][42] Gavin Robinson initially took over as interim leader,[43] and then became the permanent leader in May.[44]
New political parties who made their campaign debuts in this election included the Alba Party, led by former Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond, and the Workers Party of Britain, led by anti-war activist George Galloway, who won the 2024 Rochdale by-election in a political upset three months before the election was called – advertising himself as a protest candidate against Labour's stance on the Israel–Hamas war and appealing to the constituency's sizeable Muslim population.[45] However, Alba lost both their seats and the Workers Party lost their sole seat of Rochdale after Galloway lost it to Labour's Paul Waugh, having only been an MP for 92 days.[46]
Changes to the composition of the House of Commons before the election
[edit]This table relates to the composition of the House of Commons at the 2019 general election and its dissolution on 30 May 2024 and summarises the changes in party affiliation that took place during the 2019–2024 Parliament.
Affiliation | Members | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Elected in 2019[47] |
At dissolution in 2024[48][49][50][h] |
Difference | ||
Conservative | 365 | 344 | 21 | |
Labour[i] | 202 | 205 | 3 | |
SNP | 48 | 43 | 5 | |
Independent | 0 | 17[j] | 17 | |
Liberal Democrats | 11 | 15 | 4 | |
DUP | 8 | 7 | 1 | |
Sinn Féin | 7 | 7 | ||
Plaid Cymru | 4 | 3 | 1 | |
SDLP | 2 | 2 | ||
Alba | Did not exist | 2[k] | 2 | |
Alliance (NI) | 1 | 1 | ||
Green (E&W) | 1 | 1 | ||
Speaker | 1 | 1 | ||
Reform UK[l] | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Workers Party | Did not exist | 1 | 1 | |
Vacant | 0 | 0 | ||
Total | 650 | 650 | ||
Total voting[m] | 639 | 638 | 1[n] | |
Majority | 87 | 44[57] | 43 |
Date of the election
[edit]Originally the next election was scheduled to take place on 2 May 2024 under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011.[o] At the 2019 general election, in which the Conservatives won a majority of 80 seats, the party's manifesto contained a commitment to repeal the Fixed-term Parliaments Act.[59] In December 2020, the government duly published a draft Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 (Repeal) Bill, later retitled the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022.[60][61] This entered into force on 24 March 2022. Thus, the prime minister can again request the monarch to dissolve Parliament and call an early election with 25 working days' notice. Section 4 of the Act provided: "If it has not been dissolved earlier, a Parliament dissolves at the beginning of the day that is the fifth anniversary of the day on which it first met". The Electoral Commission confirmed that the 2019 Parliament would, therefore, have to be dissolved, at the latest, by 17 December 2024, and that the next general election had to take place no later than 28 January 2025.[62][63]
With no election date fixed in law, there was speculation as to when the prime minister, Rishi Sunak, would call an election. On 18 December 2023, Sunak told journalists that the election would take place in 2024 rather than January 2025.[64] On 4 January, he first suggested the general election would probably be in the second half of 2024.[65] Throughout 2024, political commentators and MPs expected the election to be held in the autumn.[66][67][68] On 22 May 2024, following much speculation through the day (including being asked about it by Stephen Flynn at Prime Minister's Questions),[69][70][71] Sunak officially announced the election would be held on 4 July with the dissolution of the Parliament on 30 May.[72]
The deadline for candidate nominations was 7 June 2024, with political campaigning for four weeks until polling day on 4 July. On the day of the election, polling stations across the country were open from 7 am, and closed at 10 pm. The date chosen for the 2024 general election made it the first to be held in July since the 1945 general election almost exactly seventy-nine years earlier. A total of 4,515 candidates were nominated, more than in any previous general election.[73]
Timetable
[edit]Date | Event |
---|---|
22 May | Prime Minister Rishi Sunak requests a dissolution of parliament from King Charles III and announces the date of polling day for the general election as 4 July.[74] |
24 May | Last sitting day of business in the 2019–2024 Parliament. Parliament prorogued.[74] |
25 May | Beginning of pre-election period (also known as purdah).[75] |
30 May | Dissolution of parliament and official start of the campaign. Royal Proclamation issued dissolving the 2019 Parliament, summoning the 2024 Parliament and setting the date for its first meeting.[76] |
7 June | Nominations of candidates close (4 pm). Publication of statement of persons nominated, including notice of poll and situation of polling stations (5 pm).[77] |
13 June | Deadline to register to vote at 11:59 pm in Northern Ireland. |
18 June | Deadline to register to vote.[74] |
19 June | Deadline to apply for a postal vote.[77] |
26 June | Deadline to register for a proxy vote at 5 pm. Exemptions applied for emergencies.[77] |
4 July | Polling Day – polls open from 7 am to 10 pm.[77] |
4–5 July | Results announced in 648 of 650 constituencies. |
5 July | Labour wins election with an eventual 174-seat majority. End of pre-election period (also known as purdah). Sir Keir Starmer is appointed Prime Minister by King Charles III and forms a new government following the resignation of Rishi Sunak.[78][79] |
6 July | Results announced for final two undeclared seats, following recounts. |
9 July | First meeting of the new Parliament of the United Kingdom for the formal election of Speaker of the House of Commons. Sir Lindsay Hoyle is re-elected unopposed[80] and calls on Starmer and Sunak to speak as Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition respectively for the first time.[81] |
9–16 July | MPs taking their seat are sworn in.[82][83][84] |
17 July | State Opening of Parliament and King's Speech.[85] |
Electoral system
[edit]General elections in the United Kingdom are organised using first-past-the-post voting. The Conservative Party, which won a majority at the 2019 general election, included pledges in its manifesto to remove the 15-year limit on voting for British citizens living abroad, and to introduce a voter identification requirement in Great Britain.[86] These changes were included in the Elections Act 2022.[87]
Boundary reviews
[edit]The Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which proposed reducing the number of constituencies from 650 to 600, commenced in 2011 but temporarily stopped in January 2013. Following the 2015 general election, each of the four parliamentary boundary commissions of the United Kingdom recommenced their review process in April 2016.[88][89][90] The four commissions submitted their final recommendations to the Secretary of State on 5 September 2018[91][92] and made their reports public a week later.[93][94][95][91] However, the proposals were never put forward for approval before the calling of the general election held on 12 December 2019, and in December 2020 the reviews were formally abandoned under the Schedule to the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020.[96] A projection by psephologists Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher of how the 2017 votes would have translated to seats under the 2018 boundaries suggested the changes would have been beneficial to the Conservatives and detrimental to Labour.[97][98]
In March 2020, Cabinet Office minister Chloe Smith confirmed that the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies would be based on retaining 650 seats.[99][100] The previous relevant legislation was amended by the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020[101] and the four boundary commissions formally launched their 2023 reviews on 5 January 2021.[102][103][104][105] They were required to issue their final reports prior to 1 July 2023.[96] Once the reports had been laid before Parliament, Orders in Council giving effect to the final proposals had to be made within four months, unless "there are exceptional circumstances". Prior to the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020, boundary changes could not be implemented until they were approved by both Houses of Parliament. The boundary changes were approved at a meeting of the Privy Council on 15 November 2023[106] and came into force on 29 November 2023,[107] meaning that the election was contested on these new boundaries.[108]
Notional 2019 results
[edit]The election was contested under new constituency boundaries established by the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. Consequently, media outlets reported seat gains and losses as compared to notional results. These are estimates of the results if all votes cast in 2019 were unchanged, but regrouped by the new constituency boundaries.[109] Since notional results in the vote counts at parliamentary elections in the UK do not yield figures at any level more specific than that of the whole constituency,[110] it is only possible to estimate the notional results, with the assistance of local election results.
In England, seats were redistributed towards Southern England, away from Northern England, due to the different rates of population growth. North West England and North East England lost two seats each whereas South East England gained seven seats, and South West England gained three seats.[111] Based on historical voting patterns, this was expected to help the Conservatives. Using the new boundaries, different parties would have won several constituencies with unchanged names but changed boundaries from the 2019 election. For example, the Conservatives would have won Wirral West and Leeds North West instead of the Labour Party, but Labour would have won Pudsey and Heywood & Middleton instead of the Conservatives. Westmorland and Lonsdale, the constituency represented by former Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron, was notionally a Conservative seat.[112][113]
In Scotland, 57 MPs were elected, down from the 59 in 2019,[114] with the following notional partisan composition of Scotland's parliamentary delegation. The Scottish National Party would have remained steady on 48 seats despite two of its constituencies being dissolved. The Scottish Conservatives' seat count of six would likewise remained unchanged. Scottish Labour would have retained Edinburgh South, the sole constituency they won in 2019. Had the 2019 general election occurred with the new boundaries in effect, the Scottish Liberal Democrats would have only won two seats (Edinburgh West and Orkney and Shetland), instead of the four they did win that year, as the expanded electorates in the other two would overcome their slender majorities.[115]
Under the new boundaries, Wales lost eight seats, electing 32 MPs instead of the 40 it elected in 2019. Welsh Labour would have won 18 instead of the 22 MPs it elected in 2019, and the Welsh Conservatives 12 instead of 14. Due to the abolition and merging of rural constituencies in West Wales, Plaid Cymru would have only won two seats instead of four. Nonetheless, the boundary changes were expected to cause difficulty for the Conservatives as more pro-Labour areas were added to some of their safest seats.[116]
In Northern Ireland, the notional results are identical to the actual results of the 2019 general election in Northern Ireland.[117]
Party | 2019 MPs | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Actual | Notional | Difference | ||
Conservative | 365 | 372 | 7 | |
Labour | 202 | 200 | 2 | |
SNP | 48 | 48 | ||
Liberal Democrats | 11 | 8 | 3 | |
DUP | 8 | 8 | ||
Sinn Féin | 7 | 7 | ||
Plaid Cymru | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
SDLP | 2 | 2 | ||
Green (E&W) | 1 | 1 | ||
Alliance | 1 | 1 | ||
Speaker | 1 | 1 |
Campaign
[edit]Overview
[edit]Labour entered the election with a large lead over the Conservatives in opinion polls, and the potential scale of the party's victory was a topic of discussion during the campaign period.[10][11] The economy, healthcare, education, infrastructure development, environment, housing, energy, and immigration, and standards in public office were main campaign topics. The Conservative campaign led by Rishi Sunak focused primarily on attacks towards Labour over alleged tax plans including a disproven claim that Labour would cost households £2000 more in tax.[118][119]
Keir Starmer used the word "change" as his campaign slogan and offered voters the chance to "turn the page" by voting Labour.[120] The Liberal Democrat campaign led by Ed Davey was dominated by his campaign stunts, which were used to bring attention to campaign topics.[121][122] When asked about these stunts, Davey said: "Politicians need to take the concerns and interests of voters seriously but I'm not sure they need to take themselves seriously all the time and I'm quite happy to have some fun."[123] Party manifesto and fiscal spending plans were independently analysed by the Institute for Fiscal Studies[124] and their environmental policies were assessed by Friends of the Earth.[125]
Announcement
[edit]On the afternoon of 22 May 2024, Sunak announced that he had asked the King to call a general election for 4 July 2024, surprising his own MPs.[126] Though Sunak had the option to wait until December 2024 to call the election, he said that he decided on the date because he believed that the economy was improving, and that "falling inflation and net migration figures would reinforce the Conservative Party's election message of 'sticking to the plan'".[127] The calling of the election was welcomed by all major parties.[128]
Sunak's announcement took place during heavy rain at a lectern outside 10 Downing Street, without the use of any shelter from the rain.[129] The D:Ream song "Things Can Only Get Better" (previously used by the Labour Party in its successful 1997 general election campaign) was being played loudly in the background by the political activist Steve Bray as Sunak announced the date of the general election.[130] This led to the song reaching number two on UK's iTunes Charts.[131][132]
22–29 May
[edit]At the beginning of the campaign, Labour had a significant lead in polling over the Conservatives.[29][133] Polling also showed Labour doing well against the Scottish National Party (SNP) in Scotland.[134] When visiting Windermere, Davey fell off a paddleboard, while campaigning to highlight the issue of sewage discharges into rivers and lakes.[135] A couple of days later, Davey won media attention when going down a Slip 'N Slide, while drawing attention to deteriorating mental health among children.[123]
On 23 May, Sunak said that before the election there would be no flights to Rwanda for those seeking asylum.[136] Immigration figures were published for 2023 showing immigration remained at historically high levels, but had fallen compared to 2022.[137] Nigel Farage announced that he would not be standing in the general election, preferring to focus on campaigning for the 2024 United States presidential election instead.[138] However, Farage later announced on 3 June that, contrary to his statement earlier in the campaign, he would stand for Parliament in Clacton, and that he had resumed leadership of Reform UK, taking over from Richard Tice, who remained the party's chairman. Farage also predicted that Labour would win the election, whilst stating the Conservatives were incapable of being the Official Opposition due to having spent "much of the last five years fighting each other rather than fighting for the interests of this country."[139] Davey released the Liberal Democrat campaign in Cheltenham in Gloucestershire.[140] The SNP campaign launch the same day was overshadowed over a dispute around leader John Swinney's support for Michael Matheson and developments in Operation Branchform.[141] Starmer launched the Labour Party campaign in Gillingham at the Priestfield Stadium.[142]
On 24 May, the Conservatives proposed setting up a Royal Commission to consider a form of mandatory national service.[143] It would be made up of two streams for 18-year-olds to choose from, either 'community volunteering' by volunteering with organisations such as the NHS, fire service, ambulance, search and rescue, and critical local infrastructure, or 'military training' in areas like logistics and cyber security.[144] Former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn announced on 24 May he was running as an independent in Islington North against a Labour candidate, and was thus expelled from the party.[145]
On 27 May, Starmer made a keynote speech on security and other issues.[146][147] On 28 May, the Conservatives pledged a "Triple Lock Plus" where the personal income tax allowance for pensioners would always stay higher than the state pension.[148][149] Davey went paddleboarding on Lake Windermere in the marginal constituency of Westmorland and Lonsdale, highlighting the release of sewage in waterways.[150] He pledged to abolish Ofwat and introduce a new water regulator to tackle the situation, in addition to proposing a ban on bonuses for chief executives of water companies.[151] Starmer was in West Sussex and emphasised his small town roots in his first big campaign speech.[152]
On 29 May, Labour's Wes Streeting promised a 18-week NHS waiting target within five years of a Labour government.[153] Labour also pledged to double number of NHS scanners in England. On the same day Starmer denied that Diane Abbott had been blocked as a candidate amid differing reports.[154] Abbott had been elected as a Labour MP, but had been suspended from the parliamentary party for a brief period. There was controversy about further Labour Party candidate selections, with several candidates on the left of the party being excluded.[155] Abbott said she had been barred from standing as a Labour Party candidate at the election, but Starmer later said she would be "free" to stand as a Labour candidate.[156]
30 May – 5 June
[edit]On 30 May, both the Conservatives and Labour ruled out any rise in value-added tax.[157] The SNPs Màiri McAllan claimed that only the SNP offered Scotland a route back into the European Union, making Pro-Europeanism part of the party's campaign.[158] Reform UK proposed an immigration tax on British firms who employ foreign workers.[159] Carla Denyer and Adrian Ramsay launched the Green Party of England and Wales campaign in Bristol.[160] Rhun ap Iorwerth launched the Plaid Cymru campaign in Bangor.[161] George Galloway launched the Workers Party of Britain campaign in Ashton-under-Lyne.[162]
On 31 May, the Conservatives announced new "pride in places" pledges, including new rules to tackle anti-social behaviour, rolling out the hot-spot policing programme to more areas, and more town regeneration projects. The Conservatives also unveiled plans for fly-tippers to get points on their driving licences and other new measures to protect the environment.[163]
On 2 June, Labour pledged to reduce record high legal immigration to the United Kingdom by improving training for British workers.[164] Net migration to the UK was 685,000 in 2023.[165][166][167] Labour also focused on national security, with Starmer reaffirming his commitment to a "nuclear deterrent triple lock", including building four new nuclear submarines.[139] A YouGov poll conducted on the same day put Labour on course for the party's biggest election victory in history, beating Tony Blair's 1997 landslide.[168]
On 4 June, Farage launched his campaign in Clacton.[169] He predicted the previous day that Reform UK would be the Official Opposition following the election as opposed to the Conservatives, saying that the Conservatives are incapable of being the Opposition due to "spending most of the last five years fighting each other rather than fighting for the interests of this country".[170]
6–12 June
[edit]On 6 June, the Green Party announced plans to invest an extra £50 billion a year for the NHS by raising taxes on the top 1% of earners.[171] The Conservatives announced a policy on expanding child benefit for higher-earners.[172] Labour also announced communities will be given powers to transform derelict areas into parks and green spaces. Labour's countryside protection plan would also include the planting new national forests, taskforces for tree-planting and flood resilience, new river pathways, and a commitment to revive nature.[173] Green spaces would be a requirement in the development of new housing and town plans.[174]
Both Sunak and Starmer attended D-Day commemorations in Normandy on 6 June, the 80th anniversary of Operation Neptune. Sunak was widely criticised for leaving events early to do an interview with ITV, including by veterans.[175] Starmer met with Volodymyr Zelenskyy and King Charles III during the D-Day commemorations, and said that Sunak "has to answer for his actions".[176][177] Sunak apologised the next day[178] and apologised again on 10 June.[179] He made a third apology on 12 June.[180]
Farage was among those critical of Sunak over his leaving the D-Day events,[181] saying on 7 June that Sunak did not understand "our culture". Conservative and Labour politicians criticised these words as being a racist attack on Sunak, which Farage denied.[182] On 10 June, Labour pledged 100,000 new childcare places and more than 3,000 new nurseries as part of its childcare plan.[183] It also announced its Child Health Action Plan, which included providing every school with a qualified mental health counselor, boosting preventative mental health services, transforming NHS dentistry, legislating for a progressive ban on smoking, banning junk food advertising to children, and banning energy drinks for under 16s.[184][185]
Labour released its plan for small business on 8 June, which included pledges to replace the current business rates system and to tackle the skill shortage by creating a new public body, Skills England.[186] They also pledged to revitalise Britain's high streets and a new trade strategy.[187]
The Liberal Democrat manifesto For a Fair Deal was released on 10 June,[188][189] which included commitments on free personal care in England,[190] investment in the NHS including more GPs, increased funding for education and childcare (including a tutoring guarantee for children from low-income families), increased funding for public services, tax reforms, reaching net zero by 2045 (5 years before the current government target of 2050), investing in green infrastructure, innovation, training and skills across the UK to boost economic growth, and removing the two-child limit on tax and benefits.[191] The Liberal Democrats also offered a lifelong skills grant, giving adults £5,000 to spend on improving their skills.[192] The party wants electoral reform, and pledged to introduce proportional representation for electing MPs, and local councillors in England, and cap donations to political parties.[193][194]
Sunak released the Conservative manifesto Clear Plan. Bold Action. Secure Future. on 11 June, addressing the economy, taxes, welfare, expanding free childcare, education, healthcare, environment, energy, transport, community, and crime.[195][196] They pledged to lower taxes, increase education and NHS spending, deliver 92,000 more nurses and 28,000 more doctors, introduce a new model of National Service, continue to expand apprenticeships and vocational training, simplify the planning system to speed up infrastructure projects (digital, transport and energy), and to treble Britain's offshore wind capacity and support solar energy. The manifesto includes a pledge to abolish Stamp Duty on homes worth up to £425,000 for first time buyers and expand the Help to Buy scheme.[197] The Conservatives also pledged a recruitment of 8,000 new police officers and a rollout of facial recognition technology.[198] Much of what has been proposed is already incorporated in the 2023 and 2024 budget.[199][200][201]
Carla Denyer and Adrian Ramsay released the Green Party's manifesto Real Hope. Real Change. on 12 June, which pledged more taxes on the highest earners, generating £70 billion a year to help tackle climate change and the NHS. They also pledged increased spending for public services, free personal care in England, renationalisation of railway, water and energy, a green society, a wealth tax, a carbon tax, and a windfall tax on the profit of banks.[202][203] The manifesto promises quicker access to NHS dentistry and GPs and reductions in the hospital waiting list. They would also reach net zero by 2040 and introduce rent controls.[204][205]
On 12 June, Conservative minister Grant Shapps said in a radio interview that voters should support the Conservatives so as to prevent Labour winning "a super-majority", meaning a large majority (the UK Parliament does not have any formal supermajority rules). This was interpreted by journalists as a possible and surprising admission of defeat.[206][207][208] It paralleled social media advertising by the Conservatives that also focused on urging votes not to give Starmer a large majority.[209]
13–19 June
[edit]On 13 June, Starmer released the Labour Party manifesto Change, which focused on economic growth, planning system reforms, infrastructure, clean energy, healthcare, education, childcare, crime, and strengthening workers' rights.[210][211] It pledged a new publicly owned energy company (Great British Energy) and National Wealth Fund, a ''Green Prosperity Plan", rebuilding the NHS and reducing patient waiting times, free breakfast clubs in primary schools, investing in green infrastructure, innovation, training and skills across the UK to boost economic growth, and renationalisation of the railway network (Great British Railways).[212] It includes wealth creation and "pro-business and pro-worker" policies.[213] The manifesto also pledged to give votes to 16-year olds, reform the House of Lords, and to tax private schools, with money generated going into improving state education.[214][215][216] The party guaranteed giving all areas of England devolution powers, in areas such as integrated transport, planning, skills, and health.[217][218]
On 17 June, Farage and Tice released the Reform UK manifesto, which they called a "contract" (Our Contract with You). It pledged to lower taxes, lower immigration, increase funding for public services, reform the NHS and decrease its waiting lists down to zero, bring utilities and critical national infrastructure under 50% public ownership (the other 50% owned by pension funds), replace the House of Lords with a more democratic second chamber, and to replace first-past-the-post voting with a system of proportional representation.[219] It also pledged to accelerate transport infrastructure in coastal regions, Wales, the North, and the Midlands.[220][221] The party also wants to freeze non-essential immigration and recruit 40,000 new police officers.[222] Reform UK are the only major party to oppose the current net zero target made by the government.[223] Instead, it pledged to support the environment with more tree planting, more recycling and less single-use plastics.[224][225][226] Farage predicted Labour would win the election, but said he was planning to campaign for the next election.[227]
Labour's Rachel Reeves claimed Labour's green plans would create over 650,000 jobs.[228][229] The Liberal Democrats offered more cost-of-living help for rural communities.[230] Davey highlighted his manifesto pledge to build 380,000 new homes a year, 150,000 of which would be social homes.[231] On 18 June, Labour pledged hundreds of new banking hubs, to ''breathe life'' into high streets.[232][233] Labour also promised a large increase of renewable energy jobs, backed by new green apprenticeships.[234]
On 19 June, both the SNP and Sinn Féin released their manifestos. Swinney said a vote for his party would "intensify" the pressure to secure a second Scottish independence referendum, with other pledges in the SNP manifesto including boosting NHS funding, scrapping the two-child limit on benefits, calling for an immediate ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, scrapping the Trident defence programme, re-joining the European Union, transitioning to a green economy attracting more foreign migrants,[235] tackling drug deaths and devolving broadcasting powers.[236] The Sinn Féin manifesto called for greater devolution to Northern Ireland and for the UK and Irish governments to set a date for a referendum on the unification of Northern Ireland with the Republic of Ireland.[237]
Galloway released the Workers Party manifesto, with promises to improve "poverty pay" and provide more social housing.[238] It pledged the renationalisation of utility companies, free school meals for all children without means testing, free adult education, and to hold a referendum on the continued existence of the monarchy and proportional representation for elections.[239]
David TC Davies, the Secretary of State for Wales, told a BBC interview the polls were "clearly pointing at a large Labour majority", but added that he believed there was "no great optimism" from voters.[240] A potentially large Labour majority was also acknowledged by Jeremy Hunt, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Mel Stride, the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions.[241] Alison McGarry, the Labour chair of Islington North, resigned from the Labour Party after being spotted campaigning for Corbyn; she resigned rather than face expulsion for breaking the party's rules on campaigning for a rival candidate.[242]
20–26 June
[edit]On 20 June, the parties focused on housing. Labour pledged action to protect renters with new legal protections for tenants. It would immediately ban Section 21 "no-fault" evictions, as part of plans to reform the private rented sector in England.[243] Labour also pledged to reform planning laws and build 1.5 million homes to spread homeownership.[244] They would also ensure new housing is supported by new local infrastructure (public transport, healthcare, schools), and pledged to build more housing near railway stations and on the 'grey belt' (disused car parks or industrial estates).[245] The Conservatives offered stronger legal protections for tenants, including banning Section 21 "no-fault" evictions.[246] They said they would build 1.6 million new homes (including social housing) with new local infrastructure, prioritising brownfield development, while protecting the countryside.[247] The Liberal Democrats offered more protections for tenants, additional social housing, and more garden cities.[248][249]
Also on 20 June, the Alliance Party in Northern Ireland launched their manifesto.[250] Its core policies include reforming the political institutions, dedicated funding for integrated education, a Green New Deal to decarbonise Northern Ireland's economy, childcare reforms, and lowering the voting age to 16.[251]
On 21 June, in an interview, Farage repeated comments he had made previously stating that the West and NATO provoked Russia's invasion of Ukraine. He was criticised for this by Sunak and Starmer.[252] He also stated that Reform UK would lower the tax burden to encourage people into work.[253] Farage stated in another interview that he would remove university tuition fees if he won power for those studying science, technology, engineering, medicine or maths. Reform UK have already pledged to scrap interest on student loans and to extend the loan capital repayment periods to 45 years.[254] Farage also declared his ambition for Reform UK to replace the Conservatives as the biggest right-wing party in Parliament.[255]
The Conservatives pledged a review of licensing laws and planning rules aimed at boosting pubs, restaurants and music venues.[256] Labour framed its 10-year science and R&D budget plans as part of its industrial strategy, with an aim of boosting workforce and regional development.[257][258] Labour and the Liberal Democrats also focused on water pollution and improving England's water quality.[259][260] Labour pledged to put failing water companies who do not meet ''high environmental standards'' under special measures, give regulators new powers to block the payment of bonuses to executives who pollute waterways, and criminal charges against persistent law breakers. They also ensured independent monitoring of every outlet.[261]
On 24 June, Labour focused on NHS dentistry and health, and also pledged to hold a knife crime summit every year and halve incidents within a decade.[262][263] The Greens pledged to end 'dental deserts' with £3 billion for new NHS contracts.[264]
The Liberal Democrats launched a mini-manifesto for carers.[265] It pledged to establish an independent living taskforce to help people live independently in their own homes, a new care worker's minimum wage to raise their pay by £2 an hour, and a new National Care Agency. Sunak released the Scottish Conservatives' manifesto.[266] Starmer discussed a proposed Football Governance Bill,[267] which will establish the new Independent Football Regulator.[268] The Conservatives and Liberal Democrats have also committed to introducing an Independent Football Regulator.[269] The Liberal Democrats pledged to establish a series of "creative enterprise zones" across the UK to regenerate cultural output.[270]
On 26 June, Alex Salmond released the Alba Party manifesto. It pledged to increase funding for public services, increase NHS staffing, provide an annual £500 payment to households receiving the council tax reduction at a cost of £250 million, increase the Scottish Child Payment, reducing fuel bills, a new Scottish clean energy public company, and Scottish Independence.[271]
Starmer pledged GP reforms, including the training of thousands more GPs, updating the NHS App, and bringing back the 'family doctor'.[272] Labour would also trial new "neighbourhood health centres".[273] The Social Democratic and Labour Party also launched their manifesto on 26 June in Northern Ireland.[274] It pledged a 'Marshall Plan' to tackle health, institutional reform, stronger environmental protection with an independent Environmental Protection Agency, and improving NI's financial settlement.[275]
27 June – 4 July
[edit]On 27 June, Labour pledged to reform careers advice and work experience in schools for one million pupils, committing to deliver two weeks' worth of quality work experience for every young person, and recruit more than thousands of new careers advisers.[276] This is part of the party's wider plan to establish a "youth guarantee" of access to training, an apprenticeship or support to find work for all 18 to 21-year-olds.[277][278]
On 27 June, an undercover Channel 4 journalist secretly recorded members of Farage's campaign team using offensive racial, Islamophobic and homophobic language, also suggesting refugees should be used as "target practice".[279] In a statement, Farage said that he was "dismayed" at the "reprehensible" language.[280] Tice said that racist comments were "inappropriate".[279] Farage later accused Channel 4 of a "set-up", stating that one of the canvassers, Andrew Parker, had been an actor. Farage stated that Parker had been "acting from the moment he came into the office", and cited video of Parker performing "rough-speaking" from his acting website. Channel 4 denied that Parker was known to them prior to the report.[281] Regarding other members of his campaign team, Farage stated that the individuals in question had "watched England play football, they were in the pub, they were drunk, it was crass."[282]
On 29 June, the Liberal Democrats called for an 'emergency NHS budget' to hire more GPs.[283] Starmer hosted a major campaign rally,[284] and stated in The Guardian "if you vote Labour on Thursday, the work of change begins. We will launch a new national mission to create wealth in every community. We'll get to work on repairing our public services with an immediate cash injection, alongside urgent reforms. And we will break with recent years by always putting country before party".[284][285]
The Greens announced a 'Charter for Small Business', which pledged £2 billion per year in grant funding for local authorities, regional mutual banks for investment in decarbonisation and local economic sustainability, and increasing annual public subsidies for rail and bus travel to £10 billion.[286][287] They also pledged free bus travel for under-18s.[288] The Northern Ireland Conservatives also launched their manifesto.[289] On 30 June, the Liberal Democrats pledged to double funding for Bereavement Support Payments, and to spend £440 million a year on support for bereaved families.[290]
On 2 July, the Greens announced its £8 billion education package would include scrapping tuition fees, providing free school meals for all children, a qualified counsellor in every school and college, and new special needs provision. They also want to end formal testing in primary and secondary schools with a system of continuous assessment.[291] Former prime minister Boris Johnson campaigned for the Conservatives.[292] On 3 July, the political parties made their closing arguments on the last day of campaigning, with Sunak stating he would "take full responsibility" for the result.[293] At the end of the campaign, Labour maintained their significant lead in polling over the Conservatives, and had endorsements from celebrities, including Elton John.[294]
On 4 July, less than an hour before polls closed, Sunak's government announced the 2024 Dissolution Honours, with life peerages being given to 19 people, including former prime minister Theresa May and Cass Review author Hilary Cass.[295][296]
Betting scandal
[edit]On 12 June 2024, it was reported that Conservative candidate and Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, Craig Williams had placed a £100 bet on the date of the election being in July, three days before the date was announced. The bet was referred to the Gambling Commission to determine whether Williams had placed the bet based on confidential information, which could constitute a criminal offence.[297] Williams apologised for the bet, but neither he nor Sunak would answer whether he had inside information.[298][299]
On 19 June, a police protection officer assigned to Sunak was arrested for betting on the election date.[300][301][302] On the same day, it was also announced that Laura Saunders, the Conservative candidate for Bristol North West, was being investigated for betting on the election date. Her husband, Tony Lee, is also being investigated by the Gambling Commission and took a leave of absence from his role as the party's director of campaigning on 19 June.[303][304][305]
Over the following two weeks, it was reported that dozens of further Conservative Party-linked officials were being investigated by the Gambling Commission,[306] including Conservative Party's chief data officer, Nick Mason;[307] The Times reported that the investigation was being widened to 100s of suspicious bets.[308] On 25 June, both Craig Williams and Laura Saunders had their support for their candidacies withdrawn by the Conservative Party.
Debates and interviews
[edit]Debates
[edit]← 2019 debates | 2024 |
---|
Rishi Sunak challenged Keir Starmer to six televised debates.[309] Starmer announced that he would not agree to such a proposal, and offered two head-to-head debates—one shown on the BBC, and one shown on ITV; a spokesperson said both networks would offer the greatest audience, and the prospect of any debates on smaller channels would be rejected as it would not be a "valuable use of campaign time". Ed Davey declared his wish to be included in "any televised debates", although he would ultimately only be featured in one debate.[310]
On 29 May, it was announced that the first leaders' debate would be hosted by ITV News with Julie Etchingham as moderator, on 4 June.[311] Key topics were the cost of living crisis, the National Health Service (NHS), young people, education, immigration and tax policy.[312] Sunak said that Labour would cost households £2000 more in tax, which Starmer denied. Sunak said this figure was calculated by "independent Treasury officials". Fact checkers disputed the sum, stating it was based on assumptions made by political appointees and that the figure was over a 4-year period. On 5 June, the BBC reported that James Bowler, the Treasury permanent secretary, wrote that "civil servants were not involved in the [...] calculation of the total figure used" and that "any costings derived from other sources or produced by other organisations should not be presented as having been produced by the Civil Service".[313] The Office for Statistics Regulation also criticised the claim on the grounds that it was presented without the listener knowing it was a sum over 4 years.[314] A YouGov snap poll after the debate indicated that 46% of debate viewers thought Sunak had performed better, and 45% believed Starmer had performed better.[315] A Savanta poll published the next day favoured Starmer 44% to Sunak 39%.[316] The debate was watched by 5.37 million viewers, making it the most-viewed programme of the week.[317]
An STV debate hosted by Colin Mackay took place on 3 June, which included Douglas Ross, Anas Sarwar, John Swinney and Alex Cole-Hamilton.[318] Another debate between these leaders (also including Lorna Slater) took place on 11 June, on BBC Scotland, hosted by Stephen Jardine. A BBC debate hosted by Mishal Husain took place on 7 June, which included Nigel Farage, Carla Denyer, Rhun ap Iorwerth, Daisy Cooper, Stephen Flynn, Angela Rayner and Penny Mordaunt.[319] The debate included exchanges between Mordaunt and Rayner over tax, and all the attendees criticised Sunak leaving the D-Day events early; Farage called Sunak's actions "disgraceful" and said veterans had been deserted, Cooper said it was "politically shameful" and Mordaunt said Sunak's choice to leave prematurely had been "completely wrong".[320][321] After the seven-way debate, a snap poll found that viewers considered Farage had won, followed by Rayner, but that Flynn, Denyer and Cooper scored best on doing a good job.[322] Another debate between these leaders took place on 13 June, with Julie Etchingham as moderator.[323][324]
On 12 June Sky News hosted a leaders' event in Grimsby hosted by Beth Rigby, including Starmer and Sunak, where they took questions from both Rigby and the audience.[325] The debate covered various topics, including the NHS, the economy, education, immigration, housing and their future plans in government. Starmer started the event by saying he was putting the country ahead of his party, bringing Labour "back into the service of working people". He went on to attack the Conservatives on tax policy, saying that "the Tories are in no position to lecture anyone about tax rises".[326][327] 64% of those questioned by YouGov immediately following the debate said that Starmer had performed better, compared to 36% who said Sunak had performed better.[328]
Channel 4 News hosted a debate on 18 June with all seven of the main parties focusing solely on the issues of immigration and law and order.[329] Other BBC debates included three Question Time specials, two hosted by Fiona Bruce on 20 and 28 June, and one hosted by Bethan Rhys Roberts on 24 June. The first of the two hosted by Bruce featured four separate half-hour question and answer sessions with Sunak, Starmer, Davey and Swinney; the second of the two hosted by Bruce featured the same format with Ramsay and Farage; the programme hosted by Rhys Roberts featured the same format with ap Iorwerth. There was a BBC Cymru Wales debate on 21 June;[330] and a debate between Sunak and Starmer hosted by Husain took place on 26 June.[331] There was also a BBC debate on 27 June involving the five largest Northern Irish political parties.[330]
Date | Organiser | Host | Format | Venue | Viewing figures (millions) |
| ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DUP | Sinn Féin | SDLP | UUP | Alliance | ||||||||||||||
23 June[347] | UTV | Vicki Hawthorne | Debate | UTV HQ, City Quays 2, Belfast[348] | TBA | P Robinson |
S Finucane |
P Eastwood |
S Butler |
P Long | ||||||||
27 June[330] | BBC Northern Ireland | Tara Mills | Debate | Broadcasting House, Belfast | TBA | P Robinson |
S Hazzard |
P Eastwood |
S Butler |
P Long |
Interviews
[edit]In addition to the debates, the BBC and ITV broadcast programmes in which the leaders of the main parties were interviewed at length.[349][350] Nick Robinson did BBC Panorama interviews with all the leaders of the main parties. Sunak's Tonight interview with Paul Brand drew substantial coverage in the week prior to broadcast, as Sunak controversially departed the D-Day commemorations early to attend. It was later revealed that the interview slot had been chosen by Sunak and his team from a range of options offered by ITN.[351]
Endorsements
[edit]Newspapers, organisations, and individuals endorsed parties or individual candidates for the election.
Candidates
[edit]There were 4,515 candidates standing, which constitutes a record number, with a mean of 6.95 candidates per constituency. No seat had fewer than five people contesting it; Rishi Sunak's Richmond and Northallerton seat had the most candidates, with thirteen.[352]
MPs who stood down at the election included the former prime minister Theresa May, the former cabinet ministers Sajid Javid, Dominic Raab, Matt Hancock, Ben Wallace, Nadhim Zahawi, Kwasi Kwarteng, and Michael Gove, the long-serving Labour MPs Harriet Harman and Margaret Beckett, and the former Green Party leader and co-leader Caroline Lucas, who was the first – and until this election the only – Green Party MP.[353]
In March 2022, Labour abandoned all-women shortlists, citing legal advice that continuing to use them for choosing parliamentary candidates would be an unlawful practice under the Equality Act 2010, since the majority of Labour MPs were now women.[354]
In March 2024, Reform UK announced an electoral pact with the Northern Irish unionist party TUV.[355][356] The TUV applied to run candidates as "TUV/Reform UK" on ballot papers, but this was rejected by the Electoral Office.[357] Nigel Farage unilaterally ended this deal by endorsing two competing candidates from the Democratic Unionist Party on 10 June.[358] Reform UK also announced a pact with the Social Democratic Party (SDP), a minor socially conservative party, in some seats.[359]
Parties[360] | Candidates[361] | |
---|---|---|
Conservative Party | 635 | |
Labour Party | 631 | |
Liberal Democrats | 630 | |
Reform UK | 609 | |
Green Party of England and Wales | 574 | |
Workers Party of Britain | 152 | |
Social Democratic Party | 122 | |
Scottish National Party | 57 | |
Co-operative Party | 48[w] | |
Scottish Greens | 44 | |
Heritage Party | 41 | |
Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition | 40 | |
Plaid Cymru | 32 | |
Yorkshire Party | 27 | |
Rejoin EU | 26 | |
UKIP | 24 | |
Christian Peoples Alliance | 22 | |
Official Monster Raving Loony Party | 22 | |
Alba Party | 19 | |
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland | 18 | |
Social Democratic and Labour Party | 18 | |
Ulster Unionist Party | 17 | |
Democratic Unionist Party | 16 | |
Party of Women | 16 | |
Scottish Family Party | 16 | |
Communist Party of Britain | 14 | |
Sinn Féin | 14 | |
Traditional Unionist Voice | 14 |
There are additionally
- 37 other parties with more than one candidate standing,
- 36 candidates who are the only candidates of the group they are representing
- 459 independent candidates
- the Speaker.
A more complete list can be found here.
Opinion polling
[edit]Opinion polling for UK general elections |
---|
2010 election |
Opinion polls |
2015 election |
Opinion polls • Leadership approval |
2017 election |
Opinion polls • Leadership approval |
2019 election |
Opinion polls • Leadership approval |
2024 election |
Opinion polls • Leadership approval |
Discussion around the campaign was focused on the prospect of a change in government, as Labour maintained significant leads in opinion polling over the Conservatives, with one in five voters voting tactically.[362] Projections four weeks before the vote indicated a landslide victory for Labour that surpassed the one achieved by Tony Blair at the 1997 general election, while comparisons were made in the media to the 1993 Canadian federal election due to the prospect of a potential Conservative wipeout.[10][11] A YouGov poll conducted four weeks before the vote suggested that Labour was on course for the party's biggest election victory in history, beating Blair's 1997 landslide. The poll indicated Labour could win 422 seats, while the Conservatives were projected to win 140 seats.[363]
Halfway through the campaign, psephologist John Curtice summarised the polls as having shown little change in the first two weeks of the campaign but that they had then shown some clear shifts. Specifically, both the Conservatives and Labour had shown a decline of a few percentage points, leaving the gap between them unchanged, while Reform UK and the Liberal Democrats had both shown an increase, with one YouGov poll published 13 June attracting attention for showing Reform UK one point above the Conservatives.[364][365]
Graphical summaries
[edit]Projections
[edit]Others figures include, importantly, the Speaker and all political parties in Northern Ireland, unless otherwise stated.
Four weeks before the vote
[edit]Source | Date | Others | Result | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Con. | Lab. | LD | SNP | PC | Green | Ref. | ||||
The Economist[366][x] | 7 June | 182 | 394 | 22 | 24 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 19 | Labour majority 138 |
Electoral Calculus[367] | 7 June | 75 | 474 | 61 | 16 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 19 | Labour majority 298 |
ElectionMapsUK[368] | 10 June | 101 | 451 | 59 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 19 | Labour majority 252 |
Financial Times[369] | 7 June | 139 | 443 | 32 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 19 | Labour majority 236 |
New Statesman[370][371][372] | 7 June | 86 | 455 | 65 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 19 | Labour majority 260 |
YouGov[373] | 3 June | 140 | 422 | 48 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 19 | Labour majority 194 |
Two weeks before the vote
[edit]Source | Date | Others | Result | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Con. | Lab. | LD | SNP | PC | Green | Ref. | ||||
The Economist[374] | 20 June | 184 | 383 | 23 | 28 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 19[y] | Labour majority 116 |
Electoral Calculus[375] | 21 June | 76 | 457[z] | 66 | 22 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | Labour majority 264 |
Financial Times[376] | 19 June | 97 | 459 | 51 | 21 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 19[y] | Labour majority 268 |
The New Statesman[377] | 20 June | 101 | 437 | 63 | 22 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 19[y] | Labour majority 224 |
YouGov[378] | 19 June | 108 | 425 | 67 | 20 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 0 | Labour majority 198 |
Ipsos[379] | 18 June | 115 | 453 | 38 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1[z] | Labour majority 256 |
Savanta[380][381] | 19 June | 53 | 516 | 50 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Labour majority 380 |
The New Statesman[382] | 22 June | 96 | 435 | 63 | 24 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 1 | Labour majority 238 |
One week before the vote
[edit]Source | Date | Others | Result | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Con. | Lab. | LD | SNP | PC | Green | Ref. | ||||
The Economist[383] | 27 June | 117 | 429 | 42 | 23 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 19[y] | Labour majority 208 |
Electoral Calculus[384] | 26 June | 60 | 450[z] | 71 | 24 | 4 | 4 | 18 | 19[aa] | Labour majority 250 |
Financial Times[385] | 28 June | 91 | 459 | 64 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 19[y] | Labour majority 268 |
ElectionMapsUK[386] | 27 June | 80 | 453 | 71 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 19[y] | Labour majority 256 |
The New Statesman[387] | 29 June | 90 | 436 | 68 | 23 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 19[y] | Labour majority 222 |
ElectionMapsUK[388] | 1 July | 81 | 453 | 69 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 19 | Labour majority 256 |
Final projections
[edit]Source | Date | Others | Result | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Con. | Lab. | LD | SNP | PC | Green | Ref. | ||||
Survation[389][x] | 2 July | 64 | 483 | 61 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 19 | Labour majority 316 |
More in Common[390] | 3 July | 126 | 430 | 52 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 21 | Labour majority 210 |
The Economist[391][x] | 3 July | 109 | 432 | 48 | 21 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 19 | Labour majority 214 |
Financial Times[392] | 3 July | 98 | 447 | 63 | 19 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 19 | Labour majority 244 |
YouGov[393][394] | 3 July | 102 | 431 | 72 | 18 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 19 | Labour majority 212 |
New Statesman[395] | 3 July | 114 | 418 | 63 | 23 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 19 | Labour majority 186 |
Election Maps UK[396][397] | 4 July | 101 | 432 | 68 | 19 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 19 | Labour majority 214 |
Electoral Calculus[398] | 4 July | 78 | 453 | 67 | 19 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 20 | Labour majority 256 |
Bunker Consulting Group[399] | 1 July | 130 | 425 | 43 | 26 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 19 | Labour majority 200 |
Exit poll
[edit]An exit poll conducted by Ipsos for the BBC, ITV, and Sky News was published at the end of voting at 22:00, predicting the number of seats for each party.[400]
Parties | Seats | Difference | |
---|---|---|---|
Labour Party | 410 [z] | 209 | |
Conservative Party | 131 | 241 | |
Liberal Democrats | 61 | 53 | |
Reform UK | 13 | 13 | |
Scottish National Party | 10 | 38 | |
Plaid Cymru | 4 | 2 | |
Green Party | 2 | 1 | |
Others | 19 | 1 | |
Labour majority of 170 |
BBC projection
[edit]At about 4 am on 5 July, the BBC released a new projection, combining the exit poll with the results coming in.[401]
Parties | Seats | Difference | |
---|---|---|---|
Labour Party | 405 [z] | 204 | |
Conservative Party | 154 | 218 | |
Liberal Democrats | 56 | 48 | |
Scottish National Party | 6 | 42 | |
Plaid Cymru | 4 | 2 | |
Reform UK | 4 | 4 | |
Green Party | 2 | 1 | |
Others | 19 | 1 | |
Labour majority of 160 |
Results
[edit]Voting closed at 22:00, which was followed by an exit poll. The first seat, Houghton and Sunderland South, was declared at 23:15 with Bridget Phillipson winning for Labour.[402][403] Inverness, Skye and West Ross-shire was the last seat to declare, due to multiple recounts after the election, with Angus MacDonald winning for the Liberal Democrats on Saturday afternoon.[404] Notably, the 2024 election was the most unrepresentative in UK history, with Labour's number of votes being fewer than it received in 2019.[405][406]
Summary of seats returned
[edit]Affiliate | Leader | MPs | Aggregate votes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Of total | Of total | |||||||
Labour Party | Keir Starmer | 411[ab] | 63.2% | 9,708,716 | 33.7% | |||
Conservative Party | Rishi Sunak | 121 | 18.6% | 6,828,925 | 23.7% | |||
Liberal Democrats | Ed Davey | 72 | 11.1% | 3,519,143 | 12.2% | |||
Scottish National Party | John Swinney | 9 | 1.4% | 724,758 | 2.5% | |||
Sinn Féin | Mary Lou McDonald | 7 | 1.1% | 210,891 | 0.7% | |||
Independent | — | 6 | 0.9% | 564,243 | 2.0% | |||
Reform UK | Nigel Farage | 5 | 0.8% | 4,117,610 | 14.3% | |||
Democratic Unionist Party | Gavin Robinson | 5 | 0.8% | 172,058 | 0.6% | |||
Green Party of England and Wales | Carla Denyer Adrian Ramsay |
4 | 0.6% | 1,944,501 | 6.7% | |||
Plaid Cymru | Rhun ap Iorwerth | 4 | 0.6% | 194,811 | 0.7% | |||
Social Democratic and Labour Party | Colum Eastwood | 2 | 0.3% | 86,861 | 0.3% | |||
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland | Naomi Long | 1 | 0.2% | 117,191 | 0.4% | |||
Ulster Unionist Party | Doug Beattie | 1 | 0.2% | 94,779 | 0.3% | |||
Traditional Unionist Voice | Jim Allister | 1 | 0.2% | 48,685 | 0.2% | |||
Speaker | Lindsay Hoyle | 1 | 0.2% | 25,238 | 0.1% |
Full results
[edit]Affiliate | Leader | Candidates | MPs | Aggregate votes | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Gained [ac] | Lost [ac] | Net | Of total (%) |
Total | Of total (%) |
Change (%) | ||||
Labour | Keir Starmer | 631 | 411 | 218 | 7 | 211 | 63.2 | 9,708,716 | 33.70 | 1.6 | |
Conservative | Rishi Sunak | 635 | 121 | 1 | 252 | 251 | 18.6 | 6,828,925 | 23.70 | 19.9 | |
Reform UK | Nigel Farage | 609 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0.8 | 4,117,620 | 14.29 | 12.3 | |
Liberal Democrats | Ed Davey | 630 | 72 | 64 | 0 | 64 | 11.1 | 3,519,143 | 12.22 | 0.7 | |
Green Party of England and Wales | Carla Denyer & Adrian Ramsay | 574 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0.6 | 1,841,888 | 6.39 | 3.8 | |
Scottish National Party | John Swinney | 57 | 9 | 1 | 40 | 39 | 1.4 | 724,758 | 2.52 | 1.3 | |
Independents | — | 459 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0.9 | 564,243 | 1.96 | 1.4 | |
Sinn Féin | Mary Lou McDonald | 14 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 210,891 | 0.73 | 0.1 | ||
Workers Party | George Galloway | 152 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 210,194 | 0.73 | New | |||
Plaid Cymru | Rhun ap Iorwerth | 32 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.6 | 194,811 | 0.68 | 0.2 | |
Democratic Unionist | Gavin Robinson | 16 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0.8 | 172,058 | 0.60 | 0.2 | |
Alliance | Naomi Long | 18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.2 | 117,191 | 0.41 | |||
Ulster Unionist | Doug Beattie | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.2 | 94,779 | 0.33 | ||
Scottish Greens | Patrick Harvie & Lorna Slater | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 92,685 | 0.32 | 0.2 | ||
Social Democratic & Labour | Colum Eastwood | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 86,861 | 0.30 | 0.1 | ||
Traditional Unionist Voice | Jim Allister | 14 | 1 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.1 | 48,685 | 0.17 | — | |||
Social Democratic Party | William Clouston | 122 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 33,811 | 0.12 | 0.1 | ||
Speaker[ad] | Lindsay Hoyle | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 25,238 | 0.09 | |||
Yorkshire Party | Bob Buxton & Simon Biltcliffe | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 17,227 | 0.06 | |||
Independent Network | Marianne Overton | 5 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 13,663 | 0.05 | — | |||
Trade Unionist & Socialist | Dave Nellist | 40 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 12,562 | 0.04 | — | |||
Alba | Alex Salmond | 19 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 11,784 | 0.04 | New | |||
Rejoin EU | Brendan Donnelly | 26 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 9,245 | 0.03 | New | |||
Green Party (NI) | Mal O'Hara | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 8,692 | 0.03 | |||
People Before Profit | Collective leadership[ae] | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 8,438 | 0.03 | |||
Aontú | Peadar Tóibín | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 7,466 | 0.03 | |||
Newham Independents Party | Mehmood Mirza | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 7,180 | 0.02 | New | |||
Heritage Party | David Kurten | 41 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 6,597 | 0.02 | New | |||
UK Independence Party | Nick Tenconi (interim) | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 6,530 | 0.02 | 0.1 | ||
Liberal Party | Steve Radford | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 6,375 | 0.02 | |||
Ashfield Independents | Jason Zadrozny | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 6,276 | 0.02 | |||
Monster Raving Loony | Howling Laud Hope | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 5,814 | 0.02 | |||
Christian Peoples Alliance | Sidney Cordle | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 5,604 | 0.02 | |||
Scottish Family | Richard Lucas | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 5,425 | 0.02 | |||
English Democrats | Robin Tilbrook | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 5,182 | 0.02 | |||
Party of Women | Kellie-Jay Keen | 16 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 5,077 | 0.02 | New | |||
Lincolnshire Independents | Marianne Overton | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 4,277 | 0.01 | |||
One Leicester | Rita Patel | 2 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 4,008 | 0.01 | New | |||
Socialist Labour Party | Jim McDaid | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3,609 | 0.01 | |||
Liverpool Community Independents | Alan Gibbons | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 3,293 | 0.01 | New | |||
Swale Independents | Mike Baldock | 1 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 3,238 | 0.01 | — | |||
Hampshire Independents | Alan Stone | 10 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 2,872 | 0.01 | New | |||
Communist Party of Britain | Robert Griffiths | 14 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 2,622 | 0.01 | — | |||
Democracy for Chorley | Ben Holden-Crowther | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 2,424 | 0.01 | New | |||
Independent Oxford Alliance | Anne Gwinett | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 2,381 | 0.01 | New | |||
Climate Party | Edmund Gemmell | 13 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 1,967 | 0.01 | New | |||
South Devon Alliance | Richard Daws | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 1,924 | 0.01 | New | |||
British Democratic Party | James Lewthwaite | 4 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 1,860 | 0.01 | — | |||
True and Fair Party | Gina Miller | 4 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 1,695 | 0.01 | — | |||
Alliance for Democracy and Freedom | Teck Khong | 9 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 1,586 | 0.01 | New | |||
North East Party | Brian Moore | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1,581 | 0.01 | |||
English Constitution Party | Graham Moore | 4 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 1,563 | 0.01 | New | |||
Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party | Richard Suchorzewski | 3 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 1,521 | 0.01 | — | |||
Animal Welfare Party | Vanessa Hudson | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1,486 | 0.01 | |||
Consensus | Ian Berkeley-Hurst | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 1,289 | 0.00 | New | |||
Women's Equality Party | Mandu Reid | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1,275 | 0.00 | |||
Workers Revolutionary Party | Joshua Ogunleye | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1,190 | 0.00 | |||
Kingston Independent Residents Group | Yvonne Tracey | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 1,177 | 0.00 | New | |||
Propel | Neil McEvoy | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 1,041 | 0.00 | New | |||
Scottish Socialist Party | Colin Fox & Natalie Reid | 2 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 1,007 | 0.00 | — | |||
Independent Alliance (Kent) | Francis Michael Taylor | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 926 | 0.00 | New | |||
Freedom Alliance | Catherine Evans | 5 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 895 | 0.00 | New | |||
Christian Party | George Hargreaves | 2 | 0 | Coalition with CPA in 2019 | 0.0 | 806 | 0.00 | — | |||
Confelicity | James Miller | 2 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 750 | 0.00 | New | |||
Portsmouth Independents Party | Brian Moore | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 733 | 0.00 | New | |||
Independence for Scotland Party | Colette Walker | 2 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 678 | 0.00 | New | |||
Shared Ground | Thomas Hall | 2 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 664 | 0.00 | New | |||
Cross-Community Labour Alternative | Owen McCracken | 1 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 624 | 0.00 | — | |||
British Unionist Party | John Ferguson | 2 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 614 | 0.00 | New | |||
Transform | Anwarul Khan | 2 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 595 | 0.00 | New | |||
Putting Crewe First | Brian Silvester | 1 | 0 | New | 0.0 | 588 | 0.00 | New | |||
Scottish Libertarian Party | Tam Laird | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 536 | 0.00 | |||
Peace Party | John Morris | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 531 | 0.00 | |||
Taking the Initiative Party | Nicola Zingwari | 1 | 0 | Did not stand in 2019 | 0.0 | 503 | 0.00 | — | |||
Parties with fewer than 500 votes each | 51 | 0 | N/A | 0.0 | 5,719 | 0.02 | N/A | ||||
Blank and invalid votes | 116,063 | — | — | ||||||||
Total | 4,515 | 650 | 0 | 100.0 | 28,924,725 | 100.00 | 0.0 | ||||
Registered voters, and turnout | 48,208,507 | 60 | −7.52 |
By nation and region
[edit]Seats by nations and regions | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nation/region | Seats | |||||||||||||
Lab. | Con. | Lib. Dems | SNP | Ref. | Green | PC | SF | DUP | Others | |||||
East of England | 61 | 27 | 23 | 7 | — | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | 0 | |||
East Midlands | 47 | 29 | 15 | 0 | — | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | 1 | |||
London | 75 | 59 | 9 | 6 | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | 1 | |||
North East | 27 | 26 | 1 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | 0 | |||
North West | 73 | 65 | 3 | 3 | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | 2 | |||
South East | 91 | 36 | 30 | 24 | — | 0 | 1 | — | — | — | 0 | |||
South West | 58 | 24 | 11 | 22 | — | 0 | 1 | — | — | — | 0 | |||
West Midlands | 57 | 38 | 15 | 2 | — | 0 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |||
Yorkshire and the Humber | 54 | 43 | 9 | 1 | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | 1 | |||
Scotland | 57 | 37 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | |||
Wales | 32 | 27 | 0 | 1 | — | 0 | 0 | 4 | — | — | 0 | |||
Northern Ireland | 18 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 5 | 6 | |||
Total | 650 | 411 | 121 | 72 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 12 |
The result was a landslide win for Labour and a historic loss for the Conservatives. It was the latter's worst result since formalising as a party in the early 19th century, and the largest defeat for any incarnation of the Tories in purely numeric terms since 1761 when they achieved 112 MPs, up from their all time numeric low of 106 in 1754, although those made up a higher percentage of seats in Parliament (18.9% in 1754 and 20.1% in 1761 as opposed to 18.6% in 2024) due to the smaller sized House of Commons in 1754–1761 of 557 MPs. The Conservatives won no seats in Wales or various English counties, including Cornwall and Oxfordshire (the latter historically known for having several safe Conservative seats), and they only won one seat in North East England.[410] Keir Starmer became the fourth prime minister in a two-year period.[411] Turnout, at 59.9%, was the second lowest since 1885 with only 2001 being lower at 59.4%.[412]
The Liberal Democrats made significant gains to reach their highest ever number of seats, mostly gaining Conservative seats in Southern England. This was also the best performance since its predecessor Liberal Party won 158 seats in 1923[413] (itself a higher score than the Conservatives achieved in this 2024 election) and superior to Labour's 1918 and 1931 performances, as second-placed official Opposition on both occasions. Reform UK had MPs elected to the Commons for the first time. Their leader, Nigel Farage, was elected to Parliament on what was his eighth attempt.[414] The Green Party of England and Wales also won a record number of seats.[410] The party's two co-leaders, Carla Denyer and Adrian Ramsay, both entered Parliament for the first time.[415]
The Scottish National Party (SNP) lost around three quarters of its seats to Scottish Labour.[4] Labour returned to being the largest party in Scotland and remained so in Wales, although their vote share fell in Wales.[416]
Because the Democratic Unionist Party lost 3 seats, Sinn Féin won the most seats in Northern Ireland, making it the first time an Irish nationalist party was the largest party in Parliament from Northern Ireland. The Traditional Unionist Voice entered the Commons for the first time.[417] In North Down, independent Unionist candidate Alex Easton emerged victorious over the Alliance Party incumbent Stephen Farry,[418] resulting in the election of a total of six independent MPs across the UK.
Four independent candidates (Ayoub Khan, Adnan Hussain, Iqbal Mohamed, Shockat Adam) outright defeated Labour candidates as well as one (Claudia Webbe) acting as a spoiler to defeat one in areas with large Muslim populations; the results were suggested to be a push-back against Labour's stance on the Israel–Hamas war and Gaza humanitarian crisis.[419][420] Additionally, Wes Streeting retained his Ilford North constituency by a margin of only 528 votes following a challenge by independent British-Palestinian candidate Leanne Mohamad,[421] while prominent Labour MP Jess Phillips retained her Birmingham Yardley constituency by a margin of 693 votes.[422] Labour candidate Paul Waugh won the seat of Rochdale from incumbent MP George Galloway, despite the consistency's sizeable Muslim population.[423] In Islington North, Jeremy Corbyn defeated the Labour candidate with a majority of 7,247; Corbyn is a prominent activist for Palestinian solidarity.[424]
Proportionality concerns
[edit]The combined vote share for Labour and the Conservatives reached a record low, with smaller parties doing well. The election was highly disproportionate, as Labour won 63% of seats (411) with only 34% of the vote, while Reform won under 0.8% of seats (5) with 14.3% of the vote under the UK's first-past-the-post voting system.[425] The Liberal Democrats recorded their best ever seat result (72), despite receiving only around half the votes they did in 2010,[426] and fewer votes overall than Reform, although the party's seat share was again lower than its share of the vote. As Starmer's government was elected with the lowest share of the vote of any majority party on record, journalist Fraser Nelson described Labour's electoral success as a "Potemkin landslide".[427] An editorial from The Guardian described the result as a "crisis of electoral legitimacy" for the incoming Labour government.[426]
The Gallagher index gave the election a 23.67 score, making it the least proportionate election in modern UK history according to the index, as well as the 5th least proportional result worldwide as of 2024.[428] According to political scientist John Curtice, the 2024 election was the most disproportional in British history and Labour's parliamentary majority was "heavily exaggerated" by the voting system.[429] Advocacy group Make Votes Matter found that 58% of voters did not vote for their elected MP. Make Votes Matter spokesman Steve Gilmore, Electoral Reform Society chief Darren Hughes, Reform UK leader Nigel Farage and the Green Party of England and Wales co-leader Adrian Ramsay were among the figures that called for electoral reform in the wake of the election. The campaigners said it was the "most disproportionate election in [British] history".[430][431]
Affiliation | Aggregate votes |
Seats | Aggregate votes per seat |
Seats per aggregate vote |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 28,805,931 | 650 | 44,317 | 2.256×10−5 |
For any returned candidate | 12,151,835 | 650 | 18,695 | 5.349×10−5 |
Labour | 9,731,363 | 411 | 23,620 | 4.223×10−5 |
Conservative | 6,827,112 | 121 | 56,422 | 1.772×10−5 |
Liberal Democrat | 3,519,163 | 72 | 48,877 | 2.046×10−5 |
Scottish National Party | 724,758 | 9 | 80,529 | 1.242×10−5 |
Sinn Féin | 210,891 | 7 | 30,127 | 3.319×10−5 |
Others | 842,013 | 7 | 120,288 | 8.31×10−6 |
Reform UK | 4,106,661 | 5 | 821,332 | 1.22×10−6 |
Democratic Unionist Party | 172,058 | 5 | 34,412 | 2.906×10−5 |
Green | 1,943,258 | 4 | 485,815 | 2.06×10−6 |
Plaid Cymru | 194,811 | 4 | 48,703 | 2.053×10−5 |
Social Democratic and Labour Party | 86,861 | 2 | 43,431 | 2.303×10−5 |
Alliance | 117,191 | 1 | 117,191 | 8.53×10−6 |
Ulster Unionist Party | 94,779 | 1 | 94,779 | 1.055×10−5 |
Workers Party of Britain | 210,194 | 0 | — | 0 |
Alba | 11,784 | 0 | — | 0 |
Voter demographics
[edit]YouGov
[edit]Below is listed YouGov's demographic breakdown.
Category | Lab. | Con. | Ref. | LD | Grn | SNP | Others | Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 35 | 24 | 15 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 11 |
Gender | ||||||||
Female | 35 | 26 | 12 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 9 |
Male | 34 | 23 | 17 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 11 |
Age | ||||||||
18–24 | 41 | 8 | 9 | 16 | 18 | 3 | 5 | 23 |
25–49 | 44 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 30 |
50–64 | 32 | 26 | 19 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
65+ | 22 | 42 | 16 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 20 |
Women by age | ||||||||
18–24 | 42 | 6 | 6 | 16 | 23 | 3 | 3 | 19 |
25–49 | 45 | 15 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 30 |
50–64 | 32 | 29 | 16 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
65+ | 23 | 42 | 13 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 19 |
Men by age | ||||||||
18–24 | 40 | 10 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 24 |
25–49 | 43 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 28 |
50–64 | 32 | 23 | 22 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 9 |
65+ | 21 | 41 | 16 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 20 |
Social class (summary) | ||||||||
ABC1 | 36 | 25 | 11 | 14 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 11 |
C2DE | 33 | 23 | 20 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 10 |
Social class (all) | ||||||||
AB | 36 | 27 | 10 | 15 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 9 |
C1 | 36 | 23 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 13 |
C2 | 32 | 24 | 20 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 8 |
DE | 34 | 23 | 19 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 11 |
Highest educational level | ||||||||
Low | 28 | 31 | 23 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
Medium | 32 | 26 | 16 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
High | 42 | 18 | 8 | 15 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 24 |
Household earnings | ||||||||
Less than £20,000 | 33 | 24 | 17 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 9 |
£20,000–29,999 | 32 | 26 | 17 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
£30,000–49,999 | 34 | 25 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 11 |
£50,000–69,999 | 40 | 20 | 14 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 20 |
£70,000+ | 40 | 22 | 10 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 18 |
Household tenure | ||||||||
Own outright | 25 | 37 | 16 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 12 |
Mortgage | 39 | 21 | 14 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 18 |
Private rent | 42 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 5 | 28 |
Social rent | 42 | 14 | 21 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 21 |
Rent-free | 40 | 15 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 25 |
By affiliation of vote in 2019 general election | ||||||||
Conservative | 10 | 53 | 25 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 28 |
Labour | 71 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 1 | 5 | 61 |
Lib. Dems | 30 | 10 | 2 | 49 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 19 |
SNP | 22 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 60 | 4 | 38 |
Brexit Party | 8 | 9 | 69 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 60 |
Green | 28 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 36 | 2 | 7 | 8 |
Ipsos
[edit]Below is listed Ipsos's demographic breakdown.
Category | Lab. | Con. | Ref. | LD | Grn | SNP/PC | Others | Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 35 | 24 | 15 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 11 |
Gender | ||||||||
Female | 35 | 26 | 13 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 9 |
Male | 34 | 23 | 17 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 11 |
Age | ||||||||
18–24 | 41 | 5 | 8 | 16 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 21 |
25–34 | 47 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 34 |
35–44 | 41 | 17 | 14 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 24 |
45–54 | 36 | 22 | 17 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 14 |
55–64 | 32 | 27 | 19 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
65+ | 23 | 43 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 20 |
Women by age | ||||||||
18–24 | 45 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 28 |
25–34 | 47 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 30 |
35–54 | 39 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 20 |
55+ | 26 | 40 | 13 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 14 |
Men by age | ||||||||
18–24 | 36 | 4 | 9 | 16 | 21 | 8 | 5 | 15 |
25–34 | 47 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 33 |
35–54 | 38 | 20 | 17 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 18 |
55+ | 27 | 35 | 20 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
Social class | ||||||||
AB | 36 | 26 | 9 | 17 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 10 |
C1 | 36 | 25 | 12 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 11 |
C2 | 31 | 25 | 25 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
DE | 32 | 26 | 17 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 11 |
Highest educational level | ||||||||
No qualifications | 28 | 39 | 18 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 11 |
Other qualifications | 30 | 32 | 13 | 13 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
Degree or higher | 43 | 19 | 7 | 16 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 24 |
Household tenure | ||||||||
Own outright | 27 | 37 | 15 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
Mortgage | 38 | 21 | 14 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 17 |
Private rent | 40 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 39 |
Social rent | 43 | 12 | 20 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 23 |
Ethnic group | ||||||||
White | 33 | 26 | 16 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 7 |
All ethnic minorities | 46 | 17 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 1 | 13 | 29 |
Asian | 39 | 18 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 1 | 20 | 19 |
Black | 68 | 16 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 52 |
Mixed | 50 | 14 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 36 |
By vote in EU referendum | ||||||||
Remain | 46 | 18 | 3 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 28 |
Leave | 19 | 38 | 29 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 9 |
Did not vote | 40 | 18 | 16 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 22 |
By affiliation of vote in 2019 general election | ||||||||
Conservative | 12 | 53 | 24 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 29 |
Labour | 71 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 62 |
Lib. Dems | 31 | 8 | 3 | 49 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 18 |
Aftermath
[edit]At around 04:45 on 5 July, Sunak conceded defeat to Starmer at the declaration at Sunak's seat of Richmond and Northallerton, before Labour had officially secured a majority.[434] In his resignation speech later that morning, Sunak apologised to Conservative voters and candidates for the party's defeat, and also offered his congratulations to Starmer and expressed hope he would be successful, saying:[435]
Whilst he has been my political opponent, Sir Keir Starmer will shortly become our Prime Minister. In this job, his successes will be all our successes, and I wish him and his family well. Whatever our disagreements in this campaign, he is a decent, public-spirited man, who I respect. He and his family deserve the very best of our understanding, as they make the huge transition to their new lives behind this door, and as he grapples with this most demanding of jobs in an increasingly unstable world.
Starmer succeeded Sunak as prime minister, ending 14 years of the Conservatives in government. In his first speech as prime minister, Starmer paid tribute to Sunak, saying "His achievement as the first British Asian Prime Minister of our country should not be underestimated by anyone", and also recognised "the dedication and hard work he brought to his leadership" but said that the people of Britain had voted for change:[436][437]
From now on, you have a government unburdened by doctrine guided only by the determination to serve your interest, to defy, quietly, those who have written our country off. You have given us a clear mandate, and we will use it to deliver change. To restore service and respect to politics, end the era of noisy performance, tread more lightly on your lives and unite our country. Four nations standing together again, facing down as we have so often in our past, the challenges of an insecure world committed to a calm and patient rebuilding. So with respect and humility, I invite you all to join this government of service in the mission of national renewal. Our work is urgent, and we begin it today.
See also
[edit]- 2020s in United Kingdom political history
- 2024 in politics
- 2024 United Kingdom general election in England
- 2024 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland
- 2024 United Kingdom general election in Scotland
- 2024 United Kingdom general election in Wales
- Elections in the United Kingdom
- List of United Kingdom general elections
- List of marginal seats before the 2024 United Kingdom general election
Notes
[edit]- ^ Given that Sinn Féin members of Parliament (MPs) practise abstentionism and do not take their seats, while the Speaker and deputies do not vote, the number of MPs needed for a majority is in practice slightly lower.[1] Sinn Féin won seven seats, and including the speaker and their three deputy speakers, meaning a practical majority requires 320 seats.
- ^ a b The figure does not include Lindsay Hoyle, the speaker of the House of Commons, who was included in the Labour seat total by some media outlets. By long-standing convention, the speaker severs all ties to their affiliated party upon being elected speaker.
- ^ Increase from the notional figure of 200 seats which Labour would be estimated to have won in 2019 with the constituency boundary changes
- ^ Constituency was named Richmond (Yorks) prior to the election.
- ^ Decrease from the notional figure of 372 seats which the Conservatives would be estimated to have won in 2019 with the constituency boundary changes
- ^ Increase from the notional figure of 8 seats which the Lib Dems would be estimated to have won in 2019 with the constituency boundary changes
- ^ In Northern Ireland, voter ID was already required at elections before it was introduced in the rest of the UK.
- ^ On 29 May 2024, the UK Parliamentary website stated there were 345 Conservative MPs and 205 Labour MPs. However it describes Lloyd Russell-Moyle and Mark Logan as Labour and Conservative MPs respectively at the time of dissolution, despite Logan having defected from the Conservatives and Rusell-Moyle having lost the Labour Party whip prior to dissolution.[51][52]
- ^ Includes 24 MPs sponsored by the Co-operative Party, who are designated Labour and Co-operative.[53]
- ^ At the time of the dissolution of Parliament on 30 May 2024, eight of the independent MPs had been elected as Conservatives at the 2019 general election, including Andrew Bridgen, who defected to Reclaim in May 2023 but left the party in December 2023 and for the remainder of the 2019–2024 Parliament sat as an independent. The remaining nine independent MPs all came from the opposition benches.
- ^ Both of the Alba Party's MPs, Kenny MacAskill and Neale Hanvey, were elected for the Scottish National Party (SNP) before leaving to join Alba in 2021.[54]
- ^ Known as the Brexit Party at the 2019 election.
- ^ In 2019-24, the seven members of Sinn Féin followed a policy of abstentionism. They did not swear into the house, and did not take part in its formal processes (to do so would have compelled a by-election).[55] The speaker and deputy speakers (at this Parliament's dissolution, three Conservative and one Labour) by convention exercise only a casting vote.[56]
- ^ Deputy speaker Eleanor Laing (Con., Chair of Ways and Means) was on an extended leave of absence, and Roger Gale (Con.) served as an additional acting deputy speaker from December 2022 until the end of the Parliament.
- ^ The Fixed-term Parliaments Act automatically scheduled general elections for the first Thursday in May of the fifth year after the previous general election.[58] The previous election was held in December 2019.
- ^ Debate took place in Gilbert Scott Building's Bute Hall.
- ^ Not a debate: Sunak and Starmer separately answered questions from the studio audience.
- ^ This debate was focused solely on the issues of immigration and law and order.
- ^ Not a debate: the party leaders were each separately asked questions by the studio audience.
- ^ Not a debate: the party leaders were both separately asked questions.
- ^ Not a debate.
- ^ Not a debate: the party leaders were each separately asked questions by the studio audience.
- ^ In electoral pact with the Labour Party, all candidates are also standing for the Labour Party
- ^ a b c These values are medians of a series of simulations, and so do not add together.
- ^ a b c d e f g This figure includes the Speaker as well as the 18 seats in Northern Ireland.
- ^ a b c d e This figure includes the Speaker.
- ^ This figure includes the 18 seats in Northern Ireland.
- ^ Includes 43 MPs sponsored by the Co-operative Party, who are designated Labour and Co-operative.[407]
- ^ a b Notional gains and loses in accordance with Thrasher and Railings calculations
- ^ Incumbent Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle left the Labour Party in 2019 after he was elected Speaker by the House of Commons, his seat of Chorley was not contested by most major parties.
- ^ Eamonn McCann is listed as the party's leader in Northern Ireland for the purposes of registration to the UK Electoral Commission. Electoral Commission registration
References
[edit]- ^ "Government majority". Institute for Government. 20 December 2019. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ Cracknell, Richard; Baker, Carl (18 July 2024). General election 2024 results (PDF). House of Commons Library (Report). 1.2 Turnout. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ "Britain's general election was its least representative ever". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ a b "UK general election results live: Labour set for landslide as results come in across country". BBC News. 4 July 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ Falconer, Rebecca (5 July 2024). "Former Prime Minister Liz Truss loses seat in U.K. election". Axios. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak apologises after historic Tory defeat". BBC News. 5 July 2024. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ "Historic firsts from the 2024 general election in numbers and charts". Sky News. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ Glover, Dominic (5 July 2024). ""Labour to form new British government after election landslide"". Courthouse News Service. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ "Our General Election Candidates". NI Conservatives. 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ a b c Walker, Peter (20 February 2024). "Another Canada 93? Tory Sunak critics fear extinction-level election result". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ a b c Hunt, Wayne (1 June 2024). "Can the Tories avoid the fate of Canada's Conservatives?". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ "Boris Johnson pushes for power to call election at any time". BBC News. 12 May 2021. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
The government has set in motion its plan for prime ministers to regain the power to call general elections whenever they like.
- ^ Stavrou, Athena (22 May 2024). "King Charles to dissolve parliament for his first general election as monarch". The Independent. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ Henley, Jon (13 December 2019). "Boris Johnson wins huge majority on promise to 'get Brexit done'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ "Brexit: Boris Johnson signs withdrawal agreement in Downing Street". BBC News. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ a b James, Liam; Middleton, Joe; Dalton, Jane (11 January 2023). "Boris Johnson's biggest scandals: a timeline". The Independent. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Party claims the latest in a string of controversies for Boris Johnson". Richmond and Twickenham Times. 12 January 2022. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ Amos, Owen (7 July 2022). "Boris Johnson resigns: Five things that led to the PM's downfall". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ Meredith, Sam (7 July 2022). "UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson resigns". CNBC. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ "Privileges committee clerk performed 'hilarious' impersonation of Boris Johnson". The Telegraph. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ Middleton, Alia (28 May 2023). "United Kingdom: political developments and data in 2022". European Journal of Political Research. 62: 528. doi:10.1111/2047-8852.12401.
- ^ Allen, Nicholas (6 January 2023). "Those who wear the crown wield the knife: the brutality of recent takeover reshuffles". The Political Quarterly. 94 (1): 36. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.13229.
- ^ Marsh, David (22 June 2023). "Britain's failed attempt at monetary and fiscal exceptionalism". The Economist's Voice. 20 (1): 119–130. doi:10.1515/ev-2023-0021.
- ^ "Liz Truss resigns as UK prime minister". BBC News. 20 October 2022. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak: A quick guide to the UK's new prime minister". BBC News. 24 October 2022. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ Seldon, Anthony; Meakin, Jonathan; Thoms, Illias; Egerton, Tom (2024). The Impossible Office?: The History of the British Prime Minister—Revised and Updated. Cambridge University Press. pp. 398–400. ISBN 978-1-0094-2977-1.
- ^ Reuben, Anthony (17 June 2024). "Rishi Sunak's five promises: What progress has he made?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ Brown, Faye (5 October 2023). "What is the new Advanced British Standard replacing A-Levels?". Sky News. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Explore our prediction model for Britain's looming election". The Economist. 15 April 2024. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ Lynch, David (4 April 2020). "Labour leadership: Keir Starmer will lead the party after Jeremy Corbyn's exit". Oxford Mail. Newsquest Media Group. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ Nicholas Cecil. "Sir Keir Starmer to declare Labour is 'party of the centre-ground' once again". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- ^ Webber, Esther; Courea, Eleni; Casalicchio, Emilio; Rea, Ailbhe (27 September 2022). "'No Drama Starmer': Is the UK Labour Party quietly marching back to power?". Politico. Archived from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- ^ Joshua Nevett (5 May 2023). "Local elections 2023: Labour eyes power after crushing Tory losses". BBC News. Archived from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- ^ "Sir Ed Davey wins Liberal Democrats leadership election". BBC News. 27 August 2020. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
- ^ Read, Jonathon (13 July 2020). "Ed Davey says he is 'anti-Conservative' and will work with Keir Starmer to oust Boris Johnson". The New European. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
- ^ "Britain's Conservatives trounced in local elections as Labour makes gains". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- ^ "Nicola Sturgeon says time is right to resign as Scotland's first minister". BBC News. 15 February 2023. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- ^ "Scotland's first minister Humza Yousaf resigns". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
- ^ "John Swinney wins SNP leadership unopposed". BBC News. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "Who is Richard Tice? The ex-Reform UK leader replaced by Nigel Farage". Sky News. 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ Pepper, Diarmuid (1 July 2024). "Alliance confident of taking Westminster seat Jeffrey Donaldson has held for almost three decades". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ McCambridge, Jonathan (2 July 2024). "Former DUP leader Jeffrey Donaldson facing more sex offence charges". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "DUP leader Sir Jeffrey Donaldson resigns after rape charge". BBC News. 29 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "Who is DUP leader Gavin Robinson?". BBC News. 6 June 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ Robertson, Adam (5 July 2024). "Alba lose deposit in ALL seats where candidates stood in General Election". The National. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ Humphries, Jonny (5 July 2024). "George Galloway beaten by Labour in Rochdale". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ "Election 2019: Results". BBC News. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ "State of the parties". UK Parliament. 29 May 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ Jon Craig (30 May 2024). "Conservative Mark Logan defects to Labour - saying 'we need a new government'". Sky News. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ Jennifer McKiernan and Charlotte Wright (29 May 2024). "Labour suspends MP Russell-Moyle over complaint". Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Lloyd Russell-Moyle". Parliament.UK. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Mark Logan". Parliament.UK. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "About: Members of Parliament". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ Webster, Laura (27 March 2021). "MP Kenny MacAskill quits SNP to join Alex Salmond's Alba Party". The National. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
- ^ Kelly, Conor (19 August 2019). "Understanding Sinn Féin's Abstention from the UK Parliament". E-International Relations. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ Boothroyd, David. "House of Commons: Tied Divisions". United Kingdom Election Results. Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ Zodgekar, Ketaki; Baker, Finn (8 May 2024). "What is the government's current working majority?". Institute for Government. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ "Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011: Section 1". legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ Kettle, Martin (12 December 2019). "If the exit poll is right, this election will transform British politics". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Government to fulfil manifesto commitment and scrap Fixed-term Parliaments Act". gov.uk. 1 December 2020. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- ^ "Boris Johnson pushes for power to call election at any time". BBC News. 12 May 2021. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "Electoral administration bulletin" (PDF). Electoral Commission. 22 March 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Bloom, Dan (17 March 2023). "London Playbook: Strikes hope — Budget fallout — Labour's election prep". Politico. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak confirms election will be next year, despite legal right to wait until January 2025". Politics.co.uk. 18 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Stacey, Kiran (4 January 2024). "Rishi Sunak indicates he will not call election until second half of 2024". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Riley-Smith, Ben (5 May 2024). "No 10 'shelves plan for summer general election'". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
Downing Street has shelved plans for a general election this summer, The Telegraph understands, with an autumn vote now widely expected after Tory local election defeats.
- ^ Parker, George; Strauss, Delphine; Pickard, Jim (23 April 2024). "Summer or autumn? Rishi Sunak's election date dilemma". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
Sunak's aides insist they are still "planning for an autumn election" and most Tory MPs remain convinced the prime minister will play it long, hoping for a revival in economic and political fortunes later in the year.
- ^ Stewart, Heather; Mason, Rowena (22 May 2024). "Why has the UK PM called a general election, what's at stake and what happens now?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
Many observers had expected the poll to be held in the autumn – perhaps in October or November
- ^ Brown, Faye (23 May 2024). "General election called for 4 July, as Rishi Sunak says 'now is the moment for Britain to choose its future'". Sky News. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ Crerar, Pippa (22 May 2024). "Rishi Sunak will call general election for July in surprise move – sources". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak expected to announce summer general election shortly". BBC. 22 May 2024. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak announces 4 July vote in Downing Street statement". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ Moss, Neil (10 June 2024). "Record number of candidates standing at election". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ a b c "All the key General Election dates and deadlines". The Independent. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ "General election guidance 2024". Gov.uk. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ "Orders Approved and Business Transacted" (PDF). Privy Council Office. 30 May 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Timetable for a UK Parliamentary general election on 4 July 2024". Electoral Commission. 2024. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
- ^ Sir Keir Starmer officially becomes UK's prime minister. Sky News. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via YouTube.
- ^ Prime Minister Keir Starmer: "Our work is urgent and we begin it today". Sky News. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via YouTube.
- ^ "MPS re-elect Lindsay Hoyle as Commons speaker – video". The Guardian.
- ^ Starmer and Sunak take on new roles in Commons as Parliament returns. Sky News. 9 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Least religious Parliament ever!".
- ^ "What happens next in the House of Commons – UK Parliament".
- ^ "New MPS sworn into House of Commons following general election". Independent.co.uk. The Independent. 9 July 2024.
- ^ "State Opening of Parliament 2024 – UK Parliament".
- ^ "The 2019 Conservative manifesto half-time analysis". Institute for Government. 19 December 2021. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024. For the primary source, see "Our Plan | Conservative Manifesto 2019". Conservative Party. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- ^ "Greater protections for voters as government's Elections Bill achieves Royal Assent". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ "Boundary review launched". Boundary Commission for England. 24 February 2016. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ^ "2018 Review of Westminster Parliamentary constituencies". Boundary Commission for Scotland. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ^ "2018 Review". Boundary Commission for Wales. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ^ a b "2018 Review". Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland. 16 February 2016. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ "Towards final recommendations (and beyond)". Boundary Commission for England. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- ^ "2018 Review". Boundary Commission for England. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ "2018 Review of Westminster Constituencies". Boundary Commission for Scotland. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ "2018 Review of Parliamentary constituencies". Boundary Commission for Wales. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ a b "Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020". Archived from the original on 6 August 2021.
- ^ Jones, Ian [@ian_a_jones] (10 September 2018). "New constituency boundaries could have given the Tories a majority of 16 at the last election (projection: Rallings/Thrasher)" (Tweet). Retrieved 30 October 2019 – via Twitter.
- ^ "New parliamentary map would have given Tories a majority of 16 at last election". ITV News. 10 September 2018. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ^ "Correspondence with Chloe Smith MP" (PDF). Parliament of the United Kingdom. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ Proctor, Kate (26 March 2020). "MPs no longer to get automatic vote on constituency boundary plans". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ "Parliamentary Constituencies Act". legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ "2023 Review launched". Boundary Commission for England. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "2023 Review of UK Parliament Constituencies". Boundary Commission for Scotland. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "2023 Review". Boundary Commission for Wales. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "2023 Review: Electoral Quota and Allocation of Constituencies Announced". Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland. 5 January 2021. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "List of Business – 15th November 2023" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 2023/1230, retrieved 20 November 2023
- ^ Baston, Lewis (10 June 2023). "Lewis Baston: With Boris Johnson gone, who will win Uxbridge & South Ruislip?". On London. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ "2023 Boundary Review – Notional Election Results (GE2019)". Sayers Insights. 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ a b "General election: Labour would need record swing to win". BBC News. 16 January 2024. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ "Boundary review: Winners and losers from proposed changes". BBC News. 8 June 2021. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ^ "Tories could gain most from new election map". BBC News. 8 November 2022. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ^ Wilks-Heeg, Stuart (23 January 2024). "UK constituency boundaries are being redrawn to make them more equal – but it won't save the Conservatives". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ Media, P. A. (8 November 2022). "Scotland to lose two Commons seats in latest Boundary Commission proposals". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ^ Sim, Philip (6 June 2024). "How Scotland's new election map reshapes the race". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ "Map of Welsh MPs seats redrawn as number to be cut to 32". BBC News. 28 June 2023. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ^ "Live results map of the UK general election". Financial Times. 4 July 2024. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ "Everyone except Rishi Sunak knows he's destined for failure". POLITICO. 3 July 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ "Why it looks like British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak is about to lose the election". NBC News. 2 July 2024. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ Rogers, Alexandra. "Sir Keir Starmer says election is 'moment country has been waiting for' as he declares 'it is time for change'". Sky News. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ Miller, Hannah (31 May 2024). "Lib Dems aim to grab attention with campaign stunts". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ "People are crying out for change – Ed Davey". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ a b Patrick, Holly (31 May 2024). Ed Davey rides rubber ring on waterslide as Lib Dems campaign about children's mental health. The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ^ "General Election 2024: IFS manifesto analysis". Institute for Fiscal Studies. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ "General election 2024 manifestos: final scores". Friends of the Earth UK. Archived from the original on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ "How Rishi Sunak sprung general election surprise on Tories". BBC News. 23 May 2024. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak and Keir Starmer kick off election campaigns". 22 May 2024. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ Picheta, Rob (22 May 2024). "UK PM Rishi Sunak calls surprise July vote as his party seeks to defy dire polls". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ Constable, Oli. "General Election: Sunak jokes about avoiding cold after soggy speech". BBC. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ Mitchell, Archie (22 May 2024). "Rishi Sunak's election announcement drowned out by Blair's 1997 theme tune by D:Ream". The Independent. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ Barber, Nicholas. "D:Ream's Things Can Only Get Better: The unlikely pop song that became a defining British political anthem". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ "'Never again': D:Ream ban Labour from using Things Can Only Get Better". PA Media. 31 May 2024. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024.
The band members expressed regret at letting Tony Blair use the track for his general election victory celebrations in 1997, saying they were accused of "having blood on their hands" after the UK got involved with the war in Iraq.
- ^ "General election 2024: Polling guru crunches the numbers... in 60 seconds". BBC News. 26 May 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ Grant, Cameron (28 May 2024). "Balance Tips in Labour's Favour Among Scottish Voters". True North. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (28 May 2024). "Stunts, sewage and serious messaging: Lib Dems hope to capitalise on outrage at water pollution". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ^ Seddon, Paul; Casciani, Dominic (23 May 2024). "No Rwanda flights before election, says Rishi Sunak". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ "ONS estimates net migration down by 10% in 2023 but still historically high at +685,000". Electronic Immigration Network. 23 May 2024. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Geiger, Chas (23 May 2024). "Nigel Farage rules out standing for Reform UK in general election". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ a b "General election live: Nigel Farage to stand in election and become leader of Reform UK". BBC News. 2 June 2024. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "General Election: Liberal Democrats leader, Sir Ed Davey, launches party's election campaign in Cheltenham". Sky News. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Learmonth, Andrew (24 May 2024). "General Election: Swinney's campaign launch overshadowed by Matheson and Branchform". The Herald. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Boddy, Robert (23 May 2024). "Labour launches election campaign in Kent". Kent Online. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ McKiernan, Jennifer; McGarvey, Emily (25 May 2024). "Conservatives plan to bring back mandatory National Service". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ "National service explained: Rishi Sunak unveils Conservative election plan". BBC News. 26 May 2024. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ Watson, Iain; Geiger, Chas (24 May 2024). "Corbyn confirms he will stand against Labour". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ "General election latest: Sir Keir Starmer to make personal pledge in first major campaign speech as parties clash over security". Sky News. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ Maddox, David (27 May 2024). "General election latest: Starmer to aim speech at undecided voters as he insists he changed Labour". The Independent. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ "General election: Tories announce 'Triple Lock Plus' pension allowance". BBC News. 27 May 2024. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ Chaplain, Chloe (27 May 2024). "Tories pledge 'triple lock plus' tax cut for pensioners in challenge to Labour". i (newspaper). Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Going, going, gone: Ed Davey takes a dip in Windermere". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ Savage, Claudia (28 May 2024). "Sir Ed Davey takes the plunge as he reveals Lib Dem plan to tackle sewage crisis". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ "Starmer emphasises small town roots in first big campaign speech". BBC News. 28 May 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Labour promises to hit 18-week NHS waiting target within five years". BBC News. 28 May 2024. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Keir Starmer denies Diane Abbott barred from standing for Labour". BBC News. 29 May 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "I see no reason why Diane Abbott can't stand for Labour – Angela Rayner". BBC News. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ Brown, Faye (31 May 2024). "Diane Abbott 'free' to stand for Labour at general election, Sir Keir Starmer says". Sky News. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ "Labour and Tories rule out VAT rise after election". BBC News. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ "Only SNP offering route back to EU – McAllan". BBC News. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ "Reform UK would bring in immigration tax on firms". BBC News. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ "Greens challenge 'timid' Labour in election launch". BBC News. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ "Plaid Cymru the only party putting Wales first – Rhun ap Iorwerth". BBC News. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ "George Galloway launches Workers Party campaign with attack on Labour". BBC News. 1 June 2024. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Fly-tippers to get points on driving licence, Tories promise". BBC News. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ "Labour promises skills shakeup to cut net migration". BBC News. 2 June 2024. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ "Sir Keir Starmer announces plans to lower legal migration". Sky News. 2 June 2024. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ "Sir Keir Starmer promises cut to net migration under Labour". BBC News. 2 June 2024. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ "Lib Dems photobomb prime minister while campaigning in Oxford". Sky News. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ Zakir-Hussain, Maryam (3 June 2024). "General Election polls – latest: Labour set to win more seats than Blair in 1997, shock YouGov forecast says". The Independent. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Nigel Farage to run as Reform UK candidate in Clacton". BBC. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Nigel Farage to run as Reform UK candidate in Clacton". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ "Greens call for extra £50bn a year to 'nurse NHS back to health'". BBC News. 6 June 2024. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ "Conservatives vow to let high earners keep more in child benefits". BBC News. 6 June 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ Harvey, Fiona; Horton, Helena (6 June 2024). "Communities will be given right to turn eyesores into parks, says Labour". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour unveils plans for new housing on 'grey belt'". BBC News. 19 April 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "Furious veterans unimpressed with Sunak's apology for skipping D-Day event". The Independent. 7 June 2024. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "Starmer: Sunak has to answer for his own actions". BBC News. 7 June 2024. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ Sigsworth, Tim (7 June 2024). "Zelensky shares D-Day video featuring Starmer with no sign of missing Sunak". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "PM apologises for leaving D-Day commemorations early". BBC News. 7 June 2024. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
- ^ "Harder to have own home under Tories, Sunak tells BBC". BBC News. 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ Cherry, Stephen (12 June 2024). "Rishi Sunak's D-Day apology reveals the limits of saying sorry". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Farage and Mordaunt criticise Sunak's 'completely wrong' decision to leave D-Day early, in heated election debate". LBC. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "Nigel Farage defends claim Sunak 'doesn't understand our culture'". 9 June 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour pledges 100,000 new childcare places". BBC News. 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour plans to ban under-16s buying high-caffeine energy drinks". BBC News. 11 June 2024. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ "Labour's Child Health Action Plan will create the healthiest generation of children ever". The Labour Party. 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ "Labour plan for small businesses will pull up the shutters for Britain's entrepreneurs". The Labour Party. 8 June 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ Smith, Zoe (5 July 2024). "What businesses can expect from the new UK Labour government". ITN Business. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ "Lib dem manifesto to pledge £9bn NHS and care 'rescue package'". 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "Liberal Democrat manifesto: 11 key policies explained". BBC News. 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Liberal Democrats pledge free personal care". BBC News. 3 June 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ "Lib Dem manifesto: 11 key policies explained". BBC News. 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ Walker, Peter (15 June 2024). "What each party promises voters in its UK general election manifesto". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "Liberal Democrat Party manifesto". Local Government Association. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Holl-Allen, Genevieve (3 June 2024). "Lib Dem manifesto 2024: Ed Davey's policies for the general election". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak: Tory manifesto will include tax cuts". 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "Conservative manifesto 2024: summary of the key policies". The Times. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
- ^ Gutteridge, Nick (17 May 2024). "Conservative Party manifesto 2024: Rishi Sunak's policies for the general election". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Conservatives plan to recruit 8,000 new police officers". BBC News. 9 June 2024. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "Spring Budget 2024 (HTML)". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ^ "The Spring Budget 2024: What you need to know". Prime Minister's Priorities. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ^ "UK Budget 2024: All the highlights". Politico. 6 March 2024. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ^ Walker, Peter (12 June 2024). "More tax, better housing: key takeaways from the Green party manifesto". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Green Party manifesto 2024: Key policies analysed". BBC News. 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "A guide to the Green Party – including its policies, its leaders, and its key election targets". Sky News. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Green Party manifesto: a reaction". Institute for Fiscal Studies. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Tories seem to admit defeat as minister pleads: Don't give Starmer a 'super majority'". 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ Maidment, Jack; Gibbons, Amy. "Labour 'super-majority' would put UK in 'dangerous place', Defence Secretary warns". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Why Grant Shapps is warning about a Labour 'super-majority'". 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ Adu, Aletha; Waterson, Jim (12 June 2024). "Tories fighting to prevent Labour winning 'supermajority', says Shapps". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour manifesto 2024: Find out how Labour will get Britain's future back". The Labour Party. 23 May 2024. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour launches manifesto for change". Community Trade Union. 13 June 2024. Archived from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ Reid, Jenni (13 June 2024). "Britain's Labour Party pledges 'wealth creation' as it targets landslide election victory". CNBC. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ "Starmer launches Labour's pro-business, pro-worker manifesto with £7.35bn of new taxes". Yahoo News. 13 June 2024. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ "Manifesto checker: What are the Labour, Conservatives', Liberal Democrats', Greens' and Plaid Cymru's key pledges?". Sky News. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ Mason, Rowena (13 June 2024). "Change and growth: five key takeaways from the Labour manifesto launch". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ Gibbons, Amy; Sigsworth, Tim (16 May 2024). "Labour Party manifesto 2024: Keir Starmer's election promises". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ Rayner, Keir Starmer and Angela (17 June 2024). "Keir Starmer and Angela Rayner: Labour will empower local leaders". thetimes.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour manifesto 2024: 12 key policies analysed". BBC News. 13 June 2024. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Penna, Dominic (30 May 2024). "Reform UK manifesto: Nigel Farage's key policies at a glance". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "Policies Reform UK". Reform UK. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Anderson, Elizabeth (2 July 2024). "Election 2024 manifestos: Parties' pledges on growth and the economy". inews.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ "All of Farage's Reform UK pledges on immigration – and how the Tories compare". i (newspaper). 14 June 2024. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Webb, Caitlin (17 June 2024). "Reform UK manifesto: scrap net zero and reform planning". Local Government Chronicle (LGC). Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ Piper, Elizabeth; James, William (17 June 2024). "Taking aim at UK's Sunak, Nigel Farage pledges border control, tax cuts". Reuters.
- ^ Wheatley, Jonathan; Ralph, Oliver; Stacey, Stephanie; Hickey, Sally (17 June 2024). "UK election updates from June 16: Reform UK launches manifesto". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Sandford, Daniel (17 June 2024). "Reform UK manifesto 2024: 11 key policies analysed". BBC News. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Nigel Farage says Reform's 'real ambition' is the next general election". Sky News. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Fleming, Sam; Parker, George (16 June 2024). "A dash for growth: the shadow chancellor prepares for government". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Stacey, Kiran (16 June 2024). "Labour's green plans will create 650,000 jobs, says Rachel Reeves". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Henderson, Guy (18 June 2024). "Lib Dem leader Sir Ed Davey promises Devon fuel relief". Devon Live. Archived from the original on 18 June 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ "Sandcastles and wheelbarrows: Ed Davey continues his colourful Lib Dem campaign". ITV.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour plans to open 350 banking hubs across Britain". aol.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 June 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ Shaw, Vicky (17 June 2024). "Labour sets out plans for hundreds of new banking hubs". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ "Ed Miliband sets out Labour energy plan in Great Yarmouth". BBC News. 18 June 2024. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ Johnson, Simon; Sanderson, Daniel (19 June 2024). "SNP manifesto 2024: John Swinney's election policies at a glance". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ "SNP manifesto: Key policies analysed". BBC News. 19 June 2024. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Sinn Féin election manifesto: Key policies analysed". BBC News. 19 June 2024. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Workers Party makes pay and housing pledges in election manifesto". BBC News. BBC. 19 June 2024. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
- ^ Hurst, Pat (19 June 2024). "George Galloway's Workers Party manifesto at a glance". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "David TC Davies: Polls point to big Labour majority, says top Tory". BBC News. 19 June 2024. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Jeremy Hunt: Labour government would need effective opposition". BBC News. 19 June 2024. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour's Islington North chairman who 'hid in bush when spotted campaigning for Corbyn' quits". The Telegraph. 20 June 2024. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ Callaghan, David (21 June 2024). "Labour launches stinging attack on letting agents and landlords". The Negotiator. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ Stein, Joshua (13 June 2024). "Labour manifesto promises infrastructure and planning overhaul". Construction News. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ "What is the 'grey belt' and how many homes could Labour build?". BBC News. 8 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ "Housing: Parties battle over help for first-time buyers and renters". BBC News. 20 June 2024. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ "The challenges faced by the Conservative election manifesto promise to increase the national housing target". planningresource.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ Robertson, Ben (20 June 2024). "Election 2024: What the party manifestos mean for landlords & home owners". Norton Insurance. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ "2024 election manifestos: party pledges on housing". National Housing Federation. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ "Alliance Party manifesto: Key policies analysed". BBC News. 20 June 2024. Archived from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ Young, David (20 June 2024). "Alliance Party's General Election manifesto at a glance". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "West provoked Ukraine war, Nigel Farage says". BBC News. 21 June 2024. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ Walker, Peter (21 June 2024). "Nigel Farage claims Russia was provoked into Ukraine war". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ "Our Contract with You" (PDF). Reform UK. 17 June 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ "Free university, cannabis, replacing the Tories: Nigel Farage answers your questions". ITV News. Archived from the original on 22 June 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
- ^ "Tories to focus on pubs and clubs in first 100 days of government". BBC News. 21 June 2024. Archived from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ Jones, Frances (21 June 2024). "Labour 10-year R&D budgets to be part of industrial strategy". Research Professional News. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ Pardo, Santiago Bedoya (18 June 2024). "NCUB: Labour's manifesto pledges will boost UK R&D and tackle the skills crisis". The Accountant. Archived from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour and the Liberal Democrats step up campaigns against sewage dumping". BBC News. 21 June 2024. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ "Sir Ed Davey splashes in Sheringham for election campaign". BBC News. 22 June 2024. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ^ "Bather, beware: British beaches and rivers have a sewage problem. It has seeped into election talk". AP News. 21 June 2024. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ "Labour promises 100,000 extra child dental appointments". BBC News. 11 June 2024. Archived from the original on 22 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ Hymas, Charles (24 June 2024). "Starmer to hold annual summit on knife crime for 'grieving families'". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ Savage, Claudia (24 June 2024). "Greens pledges to end 'dental deserts' with £3bn for new NHS contract". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ "Liberal Democrats launch mini-manifesto for carers". www.shropshirestar.com. 24 June 2024. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ Meighan, Craig (24 June 2024). "Scottish Tory manifesto pledges to 'reverse years of SNP incompetence'". STV News. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ^ EFL (24 June 2024). "Sir Keir Starmer visits Northampton Town to discuss Football Governance Bill". EFL. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ^ "Football Governance Bill: Legislation for independent football regulator being introduced". BBC Sport. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ^ EFL (24 June 2024). "Sir Keir Starmer visits Northampton Town to discuss Football Governance Bill". EFL. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ^ "Lib Dems pledge 'creative enterprise zones' and European links in manifesto arts promise". The Stage. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ^ "Alba Party is 'natural home' for supporters of independence, declares Alex Salmond". The National. 26 June 2024. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ^ Dex, Robert (25 June 2024). "Labour pledges to end 8am scramble for GP appointments by training more doctors". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ^ Lind, Sofia (13 June 2024). "Labour to 'reform' general practice with new 'neighbourhood health centres'". Pulse Today. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ^ "SDLP taking aim at South Down as party launches election manifesto". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. 26 June 2024. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "SDLP manifesto: Key policies analysed". BBC News. 26 June 2024. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ Savage, Claudia (26 June 2024). "Labour pledges to 'turbocharge' careers advice for one million pupils". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ "Labour's Pledge to Boost Work Experience and Careers Advice – Sector Reaction". www.fenews.co.uk. 26 June 2024. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ Brett-Harding, Will (25 June 2024). "How do election manifestos compare to the local growth evidence?". What Works Growth. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ a b McKiernan, Jennifer; Francis, Sam (27 June 2024). "Reform UK campaigners caught making racist slurs". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "Nigel Farage 'dismayed' at 'reprehensible' comments from Reform campaigners". BBC News. 27 June 2024. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Farage claims canvasser's racist comments a 'set-up'". BBC News. 30 June 2024. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Sunak: being called an 'effing p***' by Reform activist 'hurts' and 'makes me angry'". ITV News. 28 June 2024. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Lib Dems demand 'emergency NHS budget' to hire more GPs". www.gponline.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Election latest: Elton John backs Labour and Starmer in general election; Sunak gives very personal speech at London temple". Sky News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ Starmer, Keir (29 June 2024). "Labour needs a clear mandate. If you want change, vote for it". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ Corry, Paul (28 June 2024). "Greens launch Charter for Small Business". Green Party. Archived from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ Lill, Dominic (18 June 2024). "Manifestos for Small Businesses: Key Takeaways | Talk Business". Talk Business | Entrepreneur & Business Advice. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ James, Rhiannon (28 June 2024). "Greens set out charter for small businesses to help high streets thrive". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ "Chris Heaton Harris launches NI Conservatives manifesto". BBC News. 29 June 2024. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ Staff, A. O. L. (30 June 2024). "Lib Dems pledge to spend £440 million a year on support for bereaved families". www.aol.co.uk. Archived from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ James, Rhiannon (1 July 2024). "Greens pledge to abolish Ofsted and SATs testing". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ "Boris Johnson revs up the faithful with vintage performance – but the cameo's too late to save the Tories". Sky News. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "General election latest: Rishi Sunak and Keir Starmer make final pitches as campaigns come to a close". BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ Media, P. A. (29 June 2024). "Elton John among stars pledging support for Labour in general election". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Dissolution Peerages 2024". GOV.UK. Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street. 4 July 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ Ahmed, Jabed (5 July 2024). "Theresa May given peerage and Therese Coffey gets damehood in surprise dissolution honours list". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ Crerar, Pippa. "Rishi Sunak aide placed bet on election date days before announcement". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ BBC News at Ten, BBC1, 13 June 2024
- ^ Martin, Daniel. "Sunak refuses to say whether aide who bet on election date knew it would be in July". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ Quinn, Ben; Dodd, Vikram (19 June 2024). "Sunak protection officer arrested over alleged bets on timing of election". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ Evans, Martin (19 June 2024). "Sunak's protection officer arrested for betting on date of election". The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Met officer working in Rishi Sunak's protection team arrested over alleged General Election bets". ITV News. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ Culbertson, Alix (20 June 2024). "More names expected to come out in betting scandal – as Tory candidate says she will 'fully cooperate'". Sky News. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ Maddox, David (20 June 2024). "Tory director of campaigning takes 'leave of absence' as betting scandal grows". The Independent. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ Gibbons, Amy (20 June 2024). "Conservative campaigning chief on leave as election bet claims are investigated". The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ Mason, Chris (23 June 2024). "More people investigated over general election bet allegations". BBC News.
- ^ Yorke, Harry; Wheeler, Caroline; Gabriel, Pogrund (23 June 2024). "Top Tory under investigation for alleged election betting". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ Grylls, George (25 June 2024). "Gambling watchdog widens inquiry into Tory betting scandal". The Times. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ^ Frayne, James (23 May 2024). "How Starmer could throw away a 20-point lead". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ Francis, Sam (24 May 2024). "Starmer agrees to TV election debates with Sunak". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ McIntosh, Steven (29 May 2024). "General election debate: ITV to host Rishi Sunak and Keir Starmer head-to-head". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "General election 2024: Sunak and Starmer clash over tax in first debate". BBC News. 4 June 2024. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "Keir Starmer says Rishi Sunak had 'back against the wall' and lied in debate". BBC News. 4 June 2024. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak defends £2,000 tax claim after widespread criticism". BBC News. 6 June 2024. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ Smith, Matthew (4 June 2024). "General election 2024: ITV debate snap poll". YouGov. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ "Election latest: Sunak not taking questions amid talk of Tory battle to succeed him – as Dragon joins Starmer at brewery". Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ a b c "Weekly top 50 shows: 03 Jun 2024 – 09 Jun 2024". BARB. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ a b Scott, Kevin (29 May 2024). "Scottish party leaders to take part in STV General Election debate". STV News. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ "The key figures who took part in BBC election debate". BBC News. 7 June 2024. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "Seven takeaways from multi-party BBC election debate". BBC News. 7 June 2024. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "Mordaunt says Sunak's decision to leave D-Day event was 'wrong'". BBC News. 7 June 2024. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "More in Common Snap Poll – Post BBC Seven Party Debate". moreincommon.org.uk. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "ITV announces further election debate | Press Centre". Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ "General election live 2024: Parties clash over NHS and education in ITV debate". BBC News. 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ "Be in the audience for our general election leaders event". Sky News. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ "Starmer: 'I knew we'd lose 2019 election with Corbyn'". BBC News. 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "Jeremy Corbyn accuses Keir Starmer of rewriting history". BBC News. 13 June 2024. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "Sir Keir Starmer performed best overall in Sky News leaders' event, poll suggests". Sky News. Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Watch Channel 4 News' live debate – 'The UK Decides: Immigration, Law and Order'". Channel 4 News. 18 June 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "BBC announces Network TV Election Debates and Question Time Leaders' Special". BBC Media Centre. 2 June 2024. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ "BBC general election debate live: Fiery Sunak slates Starmer on small boats as Labour leader blasts PM's 'Truss pledges'". The Independent. 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ^ "Salford revealed as host of first Sunak v Starmer live TV election debate". 29 May 2024. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ Goldbart, Max (5 June 2024). "General Election Debate Ratings Revealed: Rishi Sunak & Keir Starmer's Face-Off Watched By Less Than 5M". Deadline. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ "The BBC Election Debate – How to watch on TV and BBC iPlayer". Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ Clarke, Naomi (8 June 2024). "BBC multi-party General Election debate watched by 3.2m viewers on average". Evening Standard via MSN. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "BBC Scotland debate: Key exchanges as party leaders clash". 11 June 2024. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "Key moments from Sunak and Starmer's grilling in Grimsby". Independent.co.uk. 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "ITV confirms line up for second dock10 General Election debate". 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ Clarke, Naomi (14 June 2024). "ITV General Election debate watched by 2.1 million viewers on average". Evening Standard via MSN. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ a b "ITV Cymru Wales announces General Election coverage plans". ITV News. 6 June 2024. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
- ^ "Colchester's Firstsite hosts Channel 4 election debate". 19 June 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "University venue for flagship BBC Question Time Leaders' debate". Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ "Sunak defends betting response, as Starmer denies Corbyn support — as it happened". 24 June 2024. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Additional Question Time Leaders' Special and scheduling changes to BBC Panorama interviews". BBC News. 18 June 2024. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ "Nottingham Trent University to host final head-to-head General Election Debate tonight between Sir Keir Starmer and Rishi Sunak". Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.