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List of autonomous areas by country

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Countries with at least one autonomous area

This list of autonomous areas arranged by country gives an overview of autonomous areas of the world. An autonomous area is defined as an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or has freedom from an external authority. It is typical for it to be geographically distant from the country, or to be populated by a national minority. Countries that include autonomous areas are often federacies.[1] The autonomous areas differ from federal units and independent states in the sense that they, in relation to the majority of other sub-national territories in the same country, enjoy a special status including some legislative powers, within the state (for a detailed list of federated units, see Federated state#List of federal units by federation).[2]

This list includes areas that are internationally recognized, as well as some that are generally unrecognized.AB The definition of an autonomous area varies from country to country, so the native term as defined by the respective country's government is listed, and the English translation of the term is included.

Autonomous areas

Created by international agreements

Country Native term
Translation or equivalent 		Instances (areas became autonomous in the treaty and year(s) indicated, if available) References
 China (PRC) 特別行政區 (Chinese, an official language of both Hong Kong and Macau)
região administrativa especial (Portuguese, another official language of Macau)
special administrative region (English, another official language of Hong Kong) 		 Hong Kong (1997)  · Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984[3]
 Macau (1999)  · Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration of 1987[4] 		[5]
 Finland itsehallinnollinen maakunta (Finnish)
självstyrande landskap (Swedish)
autonomous province 		 Åland (1922)  · Åland Treaty[6][7] [8]
 United Kingdom UK constituent country with devolution Northern Ireland (1998)  · Good Friday Agreement (1998)[9]
West Bank and Gaza Strip
(status to be determined) 		interim administrative authority  Palestinian National Authority (1994)  · Oslo Accords (1993)

Notes:

Created by internal statutes

Country Native term
Translation or equivalent 		Instances (areas became autonomous in the year(s) indicated, if available) References
 Antigua and Barbuda autonomous island Barbuda
 Australia regional authority Torres Strait Islands (1994)
 Azerbaijan muxtar respublika
autonomous republic 		Nakhchivan (1924) [15][16]
 Burma self-administered zones Danu Self-Administered Zone · Kokang Self-Administered Zone  · Naga Self-Administered Zone  · Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone  · Pa-O Self-Administered Zone  · Wa Self-Administered Division (2011)
 Chile territorios especiales
special territories 		Easter Island (2007)  · Juan Fernández Islands (2007) [17]
 China (PRC) 自治区 (zìzhìqū)
autonomous region 		Guangxi (1949)  · Inner Mongolia (1947)  · Ningxia (1958)  · Xinjiang (1955)  · Tibet (1965) [5]
自治州 (zìzhìzhōu)
autonomous prefecture 		Linxia · Gannan · Qiandongnan · Qiannan · Qianxinan · Enshi · Xiangxi · Yanbian · Haibei · Hainan · Huangnan · Golog · Gyêgu · Haixi · Ngawa · Garzê · Liangshan · Kizilsu · Bortala · Changji · Bayin'gholin · Ili · Dehong · Nujiang · Dêqên · Dali · Chuxiong · Honghe · Wenshan · Xishuangbanna [5]
自治县 (zìzhìxiàn)
autonomous county 		over 110 (full list) [5]
自治旗 (zìzhìqí)
autonomous banner 		Oroqin · Evenki · Morin [5]
 Fiji autonomous region Rotuma [18]
 France collectivité territoriale
territorial collectivity 		 Corsica (2003)
 Georgia avtonomiuri respublika
autonomous republic 		Abkhazia (1991) ·  Adjara (1991) [19]
provisional administrative entity South Ossetia South Ossetia (2007) [20]
 Greece aftonomi monastiki politia
autonomous monastic state 		Mount Athos (1913) [21]
 India autonomous district and territorial council Bodoland (2003)  · Chakma (1972)  · Dima Hasao (1970)  · Garo Hills (1952)  · Gorkhaland (2011)  · Jaintia Hills (1972)  · Karbi Anglong (1970)  · Kargil (1995)  · Khasi Hills (1952)  · Lai (1972)  · Leh (1995)  · Mara (1972)  · Tripura Tribal Areas (1982) and de facto autonomous area - North Sentinel Island (1947) [22]
 Indonesia daerah istimewa
special region 		Yogyakarta (1950)  · File:Aceh coa flag.png Aceh (2005)
daerah otonomi khusus
special autonomous region 		Papua (2000) · West Papua (2008)
 Iraq herema
autonomous region 		Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Region (1992) [23]
 Italy regione autonoma
autonomous region 		 Aosta Valley (1948)  ·  Friuli-Venezia Giulia (1963)  ·  Sardinia (1948)  ·  Sicily (1946)  ·  Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (1948) [8]`
provincia autonoma
autonomous province 		South Tyrol (1972)  · Trentino (1972)
 Mauritius autonomous island  Rodrigues (2002) [24]
 Mexico autonomous city Mexico City (2016) [25]
 Moldova unitate teritorială autonomă
autonomous territorial unit 		 Găgăuzia (1995)  · Transnistria Transnistria (2005) [8]
 Nicaragua región autónoma
autonomous region 		 Atlántico Norte (1986)  · Atlántico Sur (1986) [26]
 Pakistan autonomous region  Federally Administered Tribal Areas (1970) [27]
 Panama comarca indígena
indigenous territory 		Emberá-Wounaan (1983)  · Kuna de Madugandí (1996)  · Kuna de Wargandí (2000)  · Kuna Yala (1938)  · Ngöbe-Buglé (1997) [28]
 Papua New Guinea autonomous region  Bougainville (2000) [29]
 Philippines rehiyong awtonomus
autonomous region 		File:Flag of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.svg Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (1989) [30]
 Portugal região autónoma
autonomous region 		 Azores (1976)  ·  Madeira (1976) [8]
 Russia respublika
(autonomous) republic 		 Adygea ·  Altai Republic ·  Bashkortostan ·  Buryatia ·  Chechnya ·  Chuvashia Dagestan ·  Ingushetia ·  Kabardino-Balkaria ·  Kalmykia ·  Karachay-Cherkessia ·  Karelia ·  Khakassia ·  Komi ·  Mari El ·  Mordovia ·  North Ossetia-Alania ·  Sakha Republic ·  Tatarstan ·  Tuva ·  Udmurtia [8]
avtonomnaya oblast
autonomous province 		 Jewish Autonomous Oblast (1934) [8]
avtonomny okrug
autonomous district 		 Chukotka ·  Khanty-Mansi ·  Nenets ·  Yamalo-Nenets [8]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis autonomous island  Nevis (1967) [31]
 São Tomé and Príncipe província
(autonomous) province 		Príncipe (1995) [32]
 Serbia autonomna pokrajina
autonomous province 		 Vojvodina (1945) [33]
 South Korea teukbyeol jachido
autonomous province 		Jeju-do (2006) [34]
 Tajikistan viloyat mukhtor
autonomous province 		Gorno-Badakhshan (1925) [35]
 Tanzania Serikali ya Mapinduzi Zanzibar
revolutionary government 		 Zanzibar (1964) [36]
 Trinidad and Tobago autonomous island Tobago
 Ukraine avtonomna respublika
autonomous republic 		 Crimea (1992) [8]
 United Kingdom UK constituent country with devolution  Scotland (1999) ·  Wales (1999)  · Northern Ireland [8]
 Uzbekistan respublika
(autonomous) republic 		 Karakalpakstan

All territories called "autonomous"

In a number of countries, all territories or regions of a particular type are called "autonomous". Depending on the case, this may or may not reflect a special devolution of powers or freedom from external authority.

Country Native term
Translation or equivalent 		Instances (areas became autonomous in the year indicated, if available) References
 Bolivia departamento
(autonomous) department 		File:Flag of Beni.gif Beni (2006)  · File:Flag of Pando.gif Pando (2006)  · File:Flag of Santa Cruz.gif Santa Cruz (2006)  · File:Flag of Tarija.gif Tarija (2006)  · File:Flag of La Paz.gif La Paz (2009)  · File:Flag of Cochabamba.gif Cochabamba (2009)  · Chuquisaca (2009) · File:Flag of Oruro.gif Oruro (2009) · Potosi (2009) [37]
provincia autónoma
autonomous province 		Gran Chaco [38]
municipio autónomo
autonomous municipality 		Huacaya · Tarabuco · Mojocoya · Charazani · Jesús de Machaca · Pampas Aullagas · San Pedro de Totora · Chipaya · Salinas de Garci Mendoza · Chayanta · Charagua [39]
territorio indígena
indigenous territory 		All native community lands (tierras comunitarias de origen): Asamblea del Pueblo Guaraní, Central de Pueblos Nativos Guarayos, Central de Pueblos Indigenas del Beni, Central Indigena de la Region Amazonica de Bolivia, Central Indigena de Pueblos Amazonicos de Pando, Central de Pueblos Indigenas del Tropico de Cochabamba, Central de Pueblos Indigenas de La Paz, Organizacion de la Capitania Wehenayek Tapiete.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina entitet
entity 		Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994)  ·  Republika Srpska (1992) [40]
 Comoros île autonome
autonomous island 		 Anjouan (2002)  · Grande Comore (2002)  ·  Mohéli (2002) [41]
 Spain [[[autonomous communities of Spain|comunidad autónoma]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (in Spanish)[42]
[autonomia erkidegoa] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (in Basque)[43]
[comunautat autonòma] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (in Occitan)[44]
[comunitat autònoma] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (in Catalan/Valencian)[45]
[comunidade autónoma] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (in Galician)[46]
autonomous community
(nationalities and regions of Spain) 		 Andalusia (1981)  ·  Aragon (1982)  ·  Asturias (1981)  ·  Balearic Islands (1983)  ·  Basque Country (1979)  ·  Canary Islands (1982)  ·  Cantabria (1982)  ·  Castile–La Mancha (1982)  ·  Castile and León (1983)  ·  Catalonia (1979)  ·  Extremadura (1983)  ·  Galicia (1981)  ·  La Rioja (1982)  ·  Madrid (1983)  ·  Murcia (1982)  ·  Navarre (1982)  ·  Valencian Community (1982) [8]
[[[autonomous cities of Spain|ciudad autónoma]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)
autonomous city 		 Ceuta (1995)  ·  Melilla (1995) [8]

Dependent territories with autonomy

Country Native term
Translation or equivalent 		Instances (areas became autonomous in the year(s) indicated, if available) References
 Denmark rigsfællesskabet
autonomous region 		 Faroe Islands (1948) ·  Greenland (1979) [8]
 France sui generis collectivité
collectivity sui generis 		 New Caledonia (1999) [47]
 Netherlands autonoom land
autonomous country 		 Aruba (1986) ·  Curaçao (2010) ·  Sint Maarten (2010)
 New Zealand state in free-association  Cook Islands (1965) ·  Niue (1974)
self-administering territory  Tokelau (1948) [47]
 United Kingdom crown dependency  Guernsey  ·  Isle of Man ·  Jersey [8]
British Overseas Territories  Falkland Islands  ·  Gibraltar  ·  Bermuda  ·  Cayman Islands  ·  British Virgin Islands  ·  Montserrat  ·  Anguilla [8]
 United States commonwealth  Puerto Rico (1952)  ·  Northern Mariana Islands (1978) [48]

Other entities called "autonomous"

A number of entities are also officially called "autonomous", though they do not have an exceptional freedom from external authority, and would not fall under the definition of autonomous area. They are listed here for clarity.

Capitals called "autonomous"

Country Native term
Translation or equivalent 		Instances (areas became autonomous in the year indicated, if available) References
 Argentina ciudad autónoma
autonomous city 		Buenos Aires Buenos Aires (1994) [49]
 Cambodia krong
autonomous municipality 		Phnom Penh, along with independent cities under the same classification [50]
 Central African Republic commune autonome
autonomous commune 		Bangui [51]
 Guinea-Bissau sector autónomo
autonomous sector 		Bissau Region [52]
 Indonesia daerah khusus ibukota
special capital region 		Jakarta [53]
 Uzbekistan shahar
autonomous city 		Tashkent (1918) [54]

Independent cities called "autonomous"

Country Native term
Translation or equivalent 		Instances (areas became autonomous in the year indicated, if available) References
 South Korea 특별자치시
metropolitan autonomous city 		Sejong
 Cambodia krong
autonomous municipality 		Phnom Penh · Sihanoukville · Pailin · Kep [50]

See also

Notes

  • ^ For example: "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region". United Nations. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  • ^ See International recognition of Kosovo for states that do and do not recognize the Republic of Kosovo.

References

  1. ^ Lucas I. González (11 February 2008). "Political Power, Fiscal Crises, and Decentralization in Latin America: Federal Countries in Comparative Perspective (and some Contrasts with Unitary Cases)". Publius: the Journal of Federalism. 38 (2). Oxford University Press: 211. doi:10.1093/publius/pjn001. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
  2. ^ Olausson, Pär M. (2007) Autonomy and Islands: A Global Study of the Factors that Determine Island Autonomy, Turku: Åbo Akademi University Press, pp. 21-25
  3. ^ "The Joint Declaration (and following pages)". Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, The Government of the HKSAR. 1 July 2007.
  4. ^ "Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and The Government of the Republic of Portugal on the question of Macao". io.gov.mo.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Provinces of China". Statoids. 26 June 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  6. ^ Template:Fr icon Edouard Gourdon, Histoire du Congrès de Paris, Paris, 1857, full text at google Print
  7. ^ Later confirmated by the Act on the Autonomy of Åland of 1920 (which was later replaced by new legislations by the same name in 1951 and 1991) and the League of Nations in 1922 following the Åland crisis.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Benedikter, Thomas (19 June 2006). "The working autonomies in Europe". Society for Threatened Peoples. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  9. ^ http://www.nio.gov.uk/agreement.pdf
  10. ^ "Treaty concerning the Archipelago of Spitsbergen, and Protocol [1925] ATS 10". austlii.edu.au.
  11. ^ Article 6 of Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 (as amended) on the common system of value added tax (OJ L 347, 11.12.2006, p. 1) Eur-lex.europa.eu.
  12. ^ NM Currency Converter. "Currency converter Swiss Franc, CHF". nm-devises.com.
  13. ^ It is legal tender in Campione d'Italia
  14. ^ "2.1.2 Erhebungsgebiet". admin.ch.
  15. ^ "Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh". BBC News. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  16. ^ Treaty of Moscow (1921) and Treaty of Kars (1921)
  17. ^ Constitucional act granting special status of Easter Island and Juan Fernández Islands. As the special charter is being discussed, they remain being governed as provinces of the Valparaíso Region
  18. ^ "Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji (1978 ed.). Suva, Fiji: Government of Fiji. 1927. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help).
  19. ^ "Regions of Georgia". Statoids. 30 November 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  20. ^ "Sanakoev Appointed as Head of S.Ossetia Administration". Civil.ge. 10 May 2007. Retrieved 14 March 2008.
  21. ^ "Departments of Greece". Statoids. 1 September 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  22. ^ "The World's Working Regional Autonomies, Thomas Benedikter". Anthem Press. 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
  23. ^ "Provinces of Iraq". Statoids. 29 August 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  24. ^ "Districts of Mauritius". Statoids. 8 May 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  25. ^ http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5424043&fecha=29/01/2016. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ^ "Departments of Nicaragua". Statoids. 12 April 2005. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  27. ^ "Provinces of Pakistan". Statoids. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  28. ^ "Panama Provinces". Statoids. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  29. ^ "Provinces of Papua New Guinea". Statoids. 1 June 2005. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  30. ^ "Provinces of the Philippines". Statoids. 31 January 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  31. ^ See section 3 and 4 about Nevis Island Legislature and Administration in The Saint Christopher and Nevis Constitution Order 1983. Published online by Georgetown University and also by University of the West Indies. Retrieved 8 August 2006.
  32. ^ "Sao Tome and Principe". Central Intelligence Agency. 12 February 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  33. ^ "Districts of Serbia". Statoids. 17 February 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  34. ^ "Jeju City". Galbijim. 8 April 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  35. ^ "Regions of Tajikistan". Statoids. 16 October 2005. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  36. ^ "Regions and territories: Zanzibar". BBC News. 16 August 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  37. ^ Doug Hertzler. "Debunking Myths Part II: Bolivia's Autonomy Initiatives". Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  38. ^ "5 departamentos se suman a la autonomía; Gran Chaco la primera región autónoma". eju.tv. 7 December 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  39. ^ "Las autonomías indígenas avanzan a paso lento per seguro, entre consensos e interrogantes" Diálogos en Democracia, 21 March 2010 (Supplement to Pulso Bolivia).
  40. ^ "Bosnia and Herzegovina Government". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  41. ^ "Autonomous Islands of Comoros". Statoids. 16 October 2005. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  42. ^ Spanish (aka Castilian) is official in
  43. ^ Basque is official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Basque Country and Navarre.
  44. ^ Occitan is official in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia.
  45. ^ Catalan/Valencian is official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, Balearic Islands Valencian Community.
  46. ^ Galician is official in the Spanish autonomous community of Galicia.
  47. ^ a b Included on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories.
  48. ^ "December 2005 report of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status" (PDF). pfraa.com.
  49. ^ Pinduli, Irene; Spivacow, R; Del Valle, E; Vidal, S; Negri, AL; Previgliano, H; Farías Edos, R; Andrade, JH; Negri, GM (20 January 2006). "Prevalence of urolithiasis in the autonomous city of Buenos Aires, Argentina". Urological Research. 34 (1): 8–11. doi:10.1007/s00240-005-0003-7. PMID 16425020.
  50. ^ a b "Provinces of Cambodia". Statoids. 13 May 2005. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  51. ^ "Prefectures of the Central African Republic". Statoids. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  52. ^ "Regions of Guinea-Bissau". Statoids. 14 September 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  53. ^ "Jakarta". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
  54. ^ "Regions of Uzbekistan". Statoids. 17 May 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2008.

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