AXL receptor tyrosine kinase

AXL receptor tyrosine kinase
PDB rendering based on 2c5d.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2C5D
Identifiers
Symbols	AXL; JTK11; UFO
External IDs	OMIM: 109135 MGI: 1347244 HomoloGene: 7583 ChEMBL: 4895 GeneCards: AXL Gene
EC number	2.7.10.1
Gene Ontology Molecular function • phosphatidylserine binding • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity • protein binding • ATP binding • protein heterodimerization activity Cellular component • extracellular space • integral to plasma membrane • cell surface Biological process • neuron migration • natural killer cell differentiation • positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway • blood vessel remodeling • phagocytosis • inflammatory response • signal transduction • enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway • spermatogenesis • forebrain cell migration • platelet activation • cellular response to extracellular stimulus • negative regulation of interferon-gamma production • negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production • positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation • secretion by cell • erythrocyte homeostasis • substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading • cellular response to interferon-alpha • ovulation cycle • apoptotic cell clearance • protein kinase B signaling cascade • negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process • innate immune response • cell maturation • negative regulation of lymphocyte activation • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade • vagina development • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide • dendritic cell differentiation • negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	558	26362
Ensembl	ENSG00000167601	ENSMUSG00000002602
UniProt	P30530	Q00993
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001699	NM_001190974
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001690	NP_001177903
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 41.73 – 41.77 Mb	Chr 7: 25.76 – 25.79 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AXL gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. Although it is similar to other receptor tyrosine kinases, the Axl protein represents a unique structure of the extracellular region that juxtaposes IgL and FNIII repeats. It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factors like vitamin K-dependent protein growth-arrest-specific gene 6. It is involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation. This receptor can also mediate cell aggregation by homophilic binding. Axl is a chronic myelogenous leukemia-associated oncogene and also associated with colon cancer and melanoma. It is in close vicinity to the bcl3 oncogene, which is at 19q13.1-q13.2. The Axl gene is evolutionarily conserved between vertebrate species. This gene has two different alternatively spliced transcript variants.

Interactions

AXL receptor tyrosine kinase has been shown to interact with TENC1. Axl is an essential epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-induced regulator of breast cancer metastasis and patient survival

Further reading

• Neubauer A, Burchert A, Maiwald C, et al. (1997). "Recent progress on the role of Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase, in malignant transformation of myeloid leukemias.". Leuk. Lymphoma 25 (1–2): 91–6. doi:10.3109/10428199709042499. PMID 9130617. 
• Bergsagel PL, Victor-Kobrin C, Timblin CR, et al. (1992). "A murine cDNA encodes a pan-epithelial glycoprotein that is also expressed on plasma cells". J. Immunol. 148 (2): 590–6. PMID 1729376. 
• Janssen JW, Schulz AS, Steenvoorden AC, et al. (1991). "A novel putative tyrosine kinase receptor with oncogenic potential". Oncogene 6 (11): 2113–20. PMID 1834974. 
• Partanen J, Mäkelä TP, Alitalo R, et al. (1991). "Putative tyrosine kinases expressed in K-562 human leukemia cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (22): 8913–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.8913. PMC 55070. PMID 2247464. 
• Neubauer A, Fiebeler A, Graham DK, et al. (1994). "Expression of axl, a transforming receptor tyrosine kinase, in normal and malignant hematopoiesis". Blood 84 (6): 1931–41. PMID 7521695. 
• O'Bryan JP, Fridell YW, Koski R, et al. (1995). "The transforming receptor tyrosine kinase, Axl, is post-translationally regulated by proteolytic cleavage". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (2): 551–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.2.551. PMID 7822279. 
• Lee ST, Strunk KM, Spritz RA (1993). "A survey of protein tyrosine kinase mRNAs expressed in normal human melanocytes". Oncogene 8 (12): 3403–10. PMID 8247543. 
• Schulz AS, Schleithoff L, Faust M, et al. (1993). "The genomic structure of the human UFO receptor". Oncogene 8 (2): 509–13. PMID 8381225. 
• O'Bryan JP, Songyang Z, Cantley L, et al. (1996). "A mammalian adaptor protein with conserved Src homology 2 and phosphotyrosine-binding domains is related to Shc and is specifically expressed in the brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (7): 2729–34. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.2729. PMC 39699. PMID 8610109. 
• Mark MR, Chen J, Hammonds RG, et al. (1996). "Characterization of Gas6, a member of the superfamily of G domain-containing proteins, as a ligand for Rse and Axl". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (16): 9785–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.16.9785. PMID 8621659. 
• Braunger J, Schleithoff L, Schulz AS, et al. (1997). "Intracellular signaling of the Ufo/Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is mediated mainly by a multi-substrate docking-site". Oncogene 14 (22): 2619–31. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201123. PMID 9178760. 
• Tanaka K, Nagayama Y, Nakano T, et al. (1998). "Expression profile of receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase genes in the human thyroid". Endocrinology 139 (3): 852–8. doi:10.1210/en.139.3.852. PMID 9492013. 
• Yanagita M, Arai H, Ishii K, et al. (2001). "Gas6 regulates mesangial cell proliferation through Axl in experimental glomerulonephritis". Am. J. Pathol. 158 (4): 1423–32. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64093-X. PMC 1891897. PMID 11290560. 
• Sun WS, Misao R, Iwagaki S, et al. (2003). "Coexpression of growth arrest-specific gene 6 and receptor tyrosine kinases, Axl and Sky, in human uterine endometrium and ovarian endometriosis". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 8 (6): 552–8. doi:10.1093/molehr/8.6.552. PMID 12029073. 
• D'Arcangelo D, Gaetano C, Capogrossi MC (2002). "Acidification prevents endothelial cell apoptosis by Axl activation". Circ. Res. 91 (7): e4–12. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000036753.50601.E9. PMID 12364394. 
• Hafizi S, Alindri F, Karlsson R, Dahlbäck B (2003). "Interaction of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase with C1-TEN, a novel C1 domain-containing protein with homology to tensin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 299 (5): 793–800. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02718-3. PMID 12470648. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. 
• Ito M, Nakashima M, Nakayama T, et al. (2003). "Expression of receptor-type tyrosine kinase, Axl, and its ligand, Gas6, in pediatric thyroid carcinomas around chernobyl". Thyroid 12 (11): 971–5. doi:10.1089/105072502320908303. PMID 12490074.