Toyota 86

Toyota 86
Overview
Manufacturer	Subaru
Also called	Toyota 86 (Japan, Australia) Toyota GT-86 (Europe) Scion FR-S (USA) Subaru BRZ
Production	March 16, 2012 - present
Assembly	Ōta, Gunma, Japan
Body and chassis
Class	Sports car
Body style	2-door coupé
Layout	Front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout
Platform	Collaborative Subaru and Toyota
Powertrain
Engine	2.0L 4U-GSE / FA20 H4
Transmission	6-speed manual 6-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,570 mm (101.2 in)
Length	4,240 mm (166.9 in)
Width	1,775 mm (69.9 in)
Height	1,285 mm (50.6 in)
Curb weight	Toyota 86: 1,190 to 1,250 kg (2,620 to 2,760 lb) Scion FR-S: 1,180 kg (2,600 lb) Subaru BRZ: 1,190 to 1,250 kg (2,620 to 2,760 lb)

The Toyota 86 is a sports car developed jointly by Japanese automobile manufacturers Toyota and Subaru. It has 2+2 seats, a 2-door coupé body style and a front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout.

The model will be sold under three different brands: Toyota (Toyota 86 in Japan and Australia and Toyota GT-86 in Europe), Subaru (Subaru BRZ) and Scion (Scion FR-S). "86" (pronounced "eight-six" or Hachi-Roku (ハチロク)) refers to the Toyota AE86, a car sold in the 1980s. As such, the Toyota 86 has been named as the spiritual successor of the original AE86 during the press release of the 86. The Toyota and Scion have little distinguishing elements - the latter has cheaper pieces to reduce base price in the United States. The Subaru BRZ differs mainly in its front end, where the grille has an hexagonal shape versus an inverted trapezoid in the Toyota and Scion, along with the placement of the BRZ as the most luxurious variant of the platform, with more standard features and a higher suggested price than the Toyota-marketed versions.

It was first presented as a concept car at the October 2009 Tokyo Motor Show under the name Toyota FT-86, FT being shorthand for "Future Toyota". Later, a high-performance version was launched at the January 2010 Tokyo Auto Salon as the Toyota FT-86 G Sports. At the 2011 Geneva Motor Show, a third concept car was shown, the Toyota FT-86 II. The BRZ and FR-S also had their concept cars, the Subaru BRZ Concept STI and the Scion FR-S Concept. The production version of the 86, BRZ and FR-S were unveiled at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.

Initially, the 86 and sister models will feature a Subaru-sourced naturally aspirated 2.0 L flat-4 boxer gasoline engine (Toyota engine code 4U-GSE, Subaru engine code FA20) that will deliver 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) that includes a direct injection system from Toyota. The model will be offered with two six-speed transmissions: a manual and an automatic with paddle shifters. The weight of the 86 is 1,180 to 1,250 kilograms (2,600 to 2,760 lb) depending on specification and equipment.

On 16th of March 2012 an line-off ceremony was held at Subaru’s Gunma Main Plant (Ota-city, Gunma Prefecture, Japan) with Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) President Akio Toyoda and honored guests in attendance, in commemoration of the production start of the Subaru BRZ and Toyota 86. FHI and TMC first agreed on business collaboration in October 2005. After the companies expanded their cooperative ties with new agreements related to development and production in April 2008, they then began four years of development. The completion of this joint-development product also marks a great achievement of the alliance between FHI and TMC. During the first month since February 2nd 2012 Toyota received 7,000 pre-orders on Toyota 86 model in Japan. First Toyota 86 sales are scheduled to begin on April 6th.

Concept versions

FT-86

FT-86
Overview
Production	2009
Body and chassis
Layout	FR
Platform	shortened Subaru Impreza
Powertrain
Engine	2.0 L Toyota-Subaru "D-4S" Flat-4
Transmission	6 speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,570 mm (101.2 in)
Length	4,160 mm (163.8 in)
Width	1,760 mm (69.3 in)
Height	1,260 mm (49.6 in)

The Toyota FT-86 is a concept car manufactured jointly by Toyota and Subaru. The vehicle consists of many design cues from the earlier FT-HS concept. It features a 2.0-litre Toyota-Subaru "D-4S" boxer engine. The FT-86 rides on a modified Subaru Impreza platform with 101.2-inch wheelbase, with length, width, and height measuring 163.8, 69.3, and 49.6 inches, respectively.

Originally, Subaru had rejected the plans of a rear wheel drive sports coupe, due to the rear wheel drive set up, and Subaru did not want to be part of the project, dominately selling all wheel drive vehicles. Subaru also felt that Toyota did not have what it took to build a proper sports car. However, Subaru did plan to provide the engine. Eventually the project came to a 6 month halt and was suspended before being revived again. Toyota eventually invited journalist and Subaru engineers to a vehicle test of its first 2008 prototype to show what it was capable of, which is believed to be one reason that Subaru changed their minds, being impressed with what they saw. This prototype led to the development of the FT-86 which was revealed in 2009.

The production model will be called the Toyota GT 86 (Toyota 86 in Japan). The base price will be US$24,200 with a 6-speed manual transmission when the car hits the United States market, where it will be called the Scion FR-S, with the Subaru version following shortly afterwards.

It is expected that the Toyota and Subaru versions will be styled similarly on the outside, with the Subaru version getting different head and tail lights and a different hood. It has a 2.0 litre naturally aspirated boxer engine mated to a Subaru 6-speed manual transmission. The concept is fitted with brakes from Advics, a joint venture company formed between Aisin Seiki, Denso, Sumitomo Electric and Toyota.

According to chief engineer Tetsuya Tada, the unique shoujyouhi red colour was based on the colour of a Japanese monkey's backside.

The FT-86 was first shown at the October 2009 Tokyo Motor Show and the first showing outside of Japan was at the March 2010 Geneva Motor Show.

An enhanced version called the FT-86 G Sports was shown at the January 2010 Tokyo Auto Salon as part of the Toyota G Sports range. Toyota Europe presented a revised FT-86 II at the March 2011 Geneva Motor Show as the successor to the FT-86.

At the October 2009 Tokyo Motor Show, Jim Lentz, COO and President of Toyota Motor Sales USA confirmed that the production version of the FT-86 is scheduled to be sold in America but an actual date was not yet disclosed. At the March 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Toyota Europe announced that the production version of the vehicle will be released in November 2011.

On 2 September 2010, British car magazine AutoExpress reported the Subaru model will feature an all-wheel drive drivetrain as opposed to the salient feature of rear-wheel drive for the Toyota-badged model. They claimed the Subaru model's all-wheel drive system would have a rear-wheel bias, improving handling. The flat-four, longitudinal engine layout would also be fully coherent with the model policy and mechanical characteristics of all Subaru cars of the past 30 years.

More recent reporting indicates the Subaru version will not have the advantage of turbocharging to give it the power necessary for sporting performance. It may not have all-wheel drive.

FT-86 G Sports

Toyota FT-86 G Sports
Overview
Production	2010
Body and chassis
Body style	3-door hatchback
Dimensions
Length	4,190 mm (165.0 in)
Width	1,780 mm (70.1 in)
Height	1,230 mm (48.4 in)

The Toyota FT-86 G Sports Concept is a modification of the Toyota FT-86 Concept manufactured jointly by Toyota and Subaru and shown at the January 2010 Tokyo Auto Salon as part of the Toyota G Sports range. The FT-86 G Sports Concept differs from the original FT-86 in the use of carbon fibre panels, a vented bonnet, a large rear spoiler, new 19 inch wheels and a custom exhaust. The interior features Recaro bucket seats and a rollcage. The horizontally opposed engine is upgraded with a turbocharger. The FT-86 G Sports concept has reappeared at Toyota's showroom in Amlux, Ikebukuro. The production version of the FT-86 has been named as the Toyota 86.

FT-86 II

Toyota FT-86 II
Overview
Production	2011
Dimensions
Length	4,235 mm (166.7 in)
Width	1,795 mm (70.7 in)
Height	1,270 mm (50.0 in)

On 1 March 2011, Toyota Europe presented Toyota FT-86 II Concept at the preview of the 2011 Geneva Motor Show as the successor to the Toyota FT-86 Concept. 'FT' stands for 'Future Toyota'. The vehicle was designed by the Toyota European Design and Development centre (ED²) with increased dimensions compared to its predecessor. It includes redesigned front bumper and headlights, rear bumper and tail lights, an added rear spoiler and side vents.

Scion FR-S

Scion FR-S
Overview
Manufacturer	Toyota and Subaru
Production	2011
Body and chassis
Class	Sport
Body style	2+2 fast back
Platform	FR
Powertrain
Engine	2.0 L Flat-4 Toyota-Subaru "D-4S"
Dimensions
Length	4,272.3 mm (168.2 in)
Width	1,816.1 mm (71.5 in)
Height	1,204.0 mm (47.4 in)

The Scion FR-S Sports Coupe Concept, where FR-S means Front-engine, Rear-wheel drive, Sport, was unveiled at the 2011 New York International Auto Show. According to Scion, sales are expected to start in the second quarter of 2012 as the Scion FR-S.

Subaru BRZ STI

Subaru BRZ STI
Subaru BRZ Concept STI at 2011 LA Auto Show
Overview
Manufacturer	Subaru
Also called	Subaru BRZ prologue
Production	2011

The Subaru BRZ Concept STI is the second FR car from Subaru - the first being Subaru's first car ever, the Subaru 1500. BRZ stands for "Boxer, Rear-wheel drive, Zenith," or "Boxer Renaissance Zenith."

First generation (ZN6; 2012-Current)

Toyota 86 (ZN6)
Overview
Model years	2012-Current
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupe
Layout	FR layout
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2570 mm
Length	4240 mm
Width	1775 mm
Height	1285 - 1300 mm

Design

Subaru BRZ (US)

The FR-S was designed around a front-mounted boxer engine rear-wheel drive configuration. "The flat architecture of the boxer engine, allows it to be mounted low, dropping the center of gravity down, resulting in sporty handling characteristics." The exterior design of the FR-S was inspired by the Toyota 2000GT's extremely low to the ground profile and long, sleek hood. The total concept of the car was most inspired by the Toyota AE86 which originally utilized lightweight design combined with modest engine power along with the front engine rear-wheel drive design that the FR-S will have. According to the FR-S's designers, "The goal was to create an authentic rear-wheel drive sports car with compelling style, exceptionally balanced performance and handling, flexible utility and surprising MPG." The car's design was inspired by previous Toyota sports cars including the Toyota Sports 800, Toyota 2000GT, and Toyota AE86.

Engineering

The Toyota designated 4U-GSE engine is a naturally aspirated four-cylinder engine that uses Subaru's horizontally opposed boxer engine as well as Toyota's D-4S injection system which uses both direct and port injection. The engine has a 12.5:1 compression ratio and a bore and stroke of 86 mm that results in 200 horsepower @ 7000 RPM, for the FR-S and BRZ, and 197 horsepower for the Toyota variant, and 151 pound-feet of torque @ 6000 RPM for all three vehicles. As part of FR-S's low weight design, the car utilizes an aluminum hood, a solid roof, and a trunk design as opposed to a hatchback.

The FR-S, 86 and BRZ will offer two 6 speed transmissions built by Aisin, a manual gearbox and modified automatic transmission from the Lexus IS-F, minus two gears. The automatic uses a traditional wet torque converter design, but its software has been engineered to mimic the response of a dual-clutch gearbox. The automatic transmission uses three different modes, Sport, Snow, and Normal.

When questioned about differences between the Subaru BRZ and the Scion FR-S, Scion hinted at the FR-S being tuned more for sport, while the Subaru was tuned more for ride compliance. Meaning the Subaru could have a softer ride than its Scion counterpart.

The boxer engine sits as far back and as low as possible in the engine bay for an weight distribution of 53% of the weight up front and 47% of the weight in the rear. The low sitting engine provides excellent low center of gravity, which allows the engine to sit lower than the Nissan GTR and just 0.6 inches higher than the Lexus LFA.

The three vehicles use 17 inch diameter wheels 7 inches wide. The wheels are lightweight and wrapped in Michelin tires, similar to those that are found on an upgraded Toyota Prius, but different diameter and width of 215/45. The wheels feature ventilated disc brakes at all four corners with two piston-opposed calipers in the front and single caliper design in the rear. Suspension is MacPherson suspension in the front and double wishbone in the rear.

Interior

The interior features a 2+2 seating configuration which utilizes low mounted front seats. The rear seats fold down enabling increased storage space for larger items.

Japanese version

Toyota 86 (Japan)

For the Japanese market, the Toyota 86 is offered in RC, G, GT, and GT Limited trim levels. Targeted for customers who want to modify their cars, or compete in motorsports, the strippo model RC came with black bumpers, steel wheels, and no air conditioning. Transmission for the base model is 6 speed manual only, while all the higher grades are available with either manual or 6 speed automatic. The 86 G adds color-keyed bumpers, 16 inch alloy wheels, manual AC, and halogen headlights as standard equipment. The GT has 17 inch alloy wheels, automatic climate control AC, smart key, HID headlights and fog lamps. The top of the line GT Limited has all the GT's features plus Alcantara seats, 18 inch alloys, and rear spoiler. This model will be on sale in Japan this April 6, 2012, and afterwards, Toyota will open "Area 86" specialty shops, where car enthusiasts can get together to talk about automobiles and where shop specialists can support car-owner activities aimed at helping give sports-car culture local roots.

External links

• Toyota 86 (Official Website JP)
• Toyota GT86 (Official Website UK)
• Scion FR-S (Official Website USA)